WPF 手動實作 INotifyPropertyChanged 和 ICommand

查看 INotifyPropertyChanged 介面原始碼

namespace System.ComponentModel
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Notifies clients that a property value has changed.
    public interface INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Occurs when a property value changes.
        event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
    }
}

INotifyPropertyChanged介面定義了一個屬性改變處理事件，通知客戶端這個屬性值已經發生改變，

定義NotifyObject實作 INotifyPropertyChanged

    public class NotifyObject : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Occurs when a property value changes.
        /// </summary>
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        /// <summary>
        /// Checks if a property already matches a desired value. Sets the property and
        /// notifies listeners only when necessary.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="storage"></param>
        /// <param name="value"></param>
        /// <param name="propertyName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        protected virtual bool SetProperty<T>(ref T storage,T value,[CallerMemberName] string propertyName=null)
        {
            if (EqualityComparer<T>.Default.Equals(storage, value)) return false;

            storage = value;

            RaisePropertyChanged(propertyName);

            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Raises this object's PropertyChanged event.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="propertyName"></param>
        protected void RaisePropertyChanged([CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }

通過SetProperty<T>泛型方法 可以接收任意型別的屬性，然后判斷屬性值是否發生變化，如果變化就觸發PropertyChanged事件，通知UI本屬性值已經發生改變，

查看ICommand原始碼

namespace System.Windows.Input
{
    //
    // 摘要:
    //     Defines a command.
    public interface ICommand
    {
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Occurs when changes occur that affect whether or not the command should execute.
        event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;

        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Defines the method that determines whether the command can execute in its current
        //     state.
        //
        // 引數:
        //   parameter:
        //     Data used by the command. If the command does not require data to be passed,
        //     this object can be set to null.
        //
        // 回傳結果:
        //     true if this command can be executed; otherwise, false.
        bool CanExecute(object parameter);
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     Defines the method to be called when the command is invoked.
        //
        // 引數:
        //   parameter:
        //     Data used by the command. If the command does not require data to be passed,
        //     this object can be set to null.
        void Execute(object parameter);
    }
}

ICommand介面定義了一個普通的事件，和命令執行方法Execute()、命令是否可以執行方法CanExecute()

定義DelegateCommand實作 ICommand

public class DelegateCommand : ICommand
    {
        public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
        private readonly Action _executeMethod;
        private readonly Func<bool> _canExecuteMethod;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of DelegateCommand with the Action to invoke on execution.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="executeMethod"></param>
        public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod)
            : this(executeMethod, () => true)
        {

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new instance of DelegateCommand with the Action to invoke on execution
        /// and a Func to query for determining if the command can execute.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="executeMethod"></param>
        /// <param name="canExecuteMethod"></param>
        public DelegateCommand(Action executeMethod, Func<bool> canExecuteMethod)
        {
            if(executeMethod==null||canExecuteMethod==null)
                throw  new ArgumentNullException(nameof(executeMethod));
            _executeMethod = executeMethod;
            _canExecuteMethod = canExecuteMethod;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Executes the command.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parameter"></param>
        public void Execute(object parameter)
        {
            _executeMethod();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Determines if the command can be executed.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="parameter"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
        {
            return _canExecuteMethod();
        }
    }

通過DelegateCommand建構式加載兩個委托（Action _executeMethod ，Func<bool> _canExecuteMethod），如果存在可以正常實作命令，這里ICommand的實作也是極簡模式，后面可以繼續擴展，

在ViewModel中使用NotifyObject和DelegateCommand

    public class MainWindowViewModel:NotifyObject
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 輸入1
        /// </summary>
        private double _input1;
        public double Input1
        {
            get => _input1;
            set => SetProperty(ref _input1,value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 輸入2
        /// </summary>
        private double _input2;
        public double Input2
        {
            get => _input2;
            set => SetProperty(ref _input2, value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 結果
        /// </summary>
        private double _result;
        public double Result
        {
            get => _result;
            set => SetProperty(ref _result, value);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加法命令
        /// </summary>
        public DelegateCommand _addCommand;
        public DelegateCommand AddCommand => _addCommand ??= new DelegateCommand(Add);
        private  void Add()
        {
            Result = Input1+Input2;
        }
    }

在ViewModel 定義Input1 Input2 Result 跟View中的控制元件進行資料系結，定義AddCommand跟View中事件擁有者系結（命令系結），當UI界面點擊加法按鈕，事件處理器就會回應這個命令執行Add()方法，完成運算，

總結：

通過上述介面實作，簡單可以實作資料系結和命令系結，這個思路主要借鑒Prism框架，也是一個學習程序記錄，

標籤：.NET技术

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