我對 python 沒有太多經驗，這是我第一次手動上傳一些東西（使用 .conf 檔案）。我有一個用 Flask 制作的應用程式，我想將它上傳到服務器上。我使用了 gunicorn 和 nginx。Nginx 拋出了一些錯誤，發現應用沒有用 gunicorn 運行（所以我還沒有除錯 nginx）。該應用程式在flask run --host=0.0.0.0命令和python app.py命令下運行良好。我相信這個錯誤與我如何在 python 中匯入我的檔案有關，但我不確定。錯誤日志是這樣的：
[2022-05-16 15:40:39 0200] [127342] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[2022-05-16 15:40:39 0200] [127342] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:8003 (127342)
[2022-05-16 15:40:39 0200] [127342] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2022-05-16 15:40:39 0200] [127343] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 127343
[2022-05-16 15:41:09 0200] [127342] [CRITICAL] WORKER TIMEOUT (pid:127343)
[2022-05-16 15:41:09 0200] [127343] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 127343)
[2022-05-16 15:41:10 0200] [127350] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 127350
[2022-05-16 15:41:24 0200] [127350] [ERROR] Exception in worker process
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 589, in spawn_worker
worker.init_process()
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 134, in init_process
self.load_wsgi()
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 146, in load_wsgi
self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
self.callable = self.load()
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 58, in load
return self.load_wsgiapp()
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 48, in load_wsgiapp
return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 359, in import_app
mod = importlib.import_module(module)
File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 883, in exec_module
File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/wsgi.py", line 14, in <module>
from AppName import app
File "/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/app.py", line 19, in <module>
@app.route('/')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'route'
[2022-05-16 15:41:24 0200] [127350] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 127350)
[2022-05-16 15:41:25 0200] [127342] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
[2022-05-16 15:41:25 0200] [127342] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
它無法從 app.py 中讀取 @app.route('/')：
-AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'route'
我的專案檔案的結構是：
---AppName
------app.py
------_init_.py (same as app.py)
------main.py (same as app.py)
------file1.py
------file2.py
------folder1
------static
------templates
------folder2
------venv
---wsgi.py
---make-image.sh
---requirements.txt
---gunicorn_starter.sh
---appname.wsgi (I thought maybe the naming needed to be the same with the name of the app)
我添加了一個 shell 腳本檔案來啟動它 gunicorn_starter.sh：
#!/bin/sh
gunicorn wsgi:AppName -w 1 --threads 1 -b 0.0.0.0:8003
注意：我使用了 2 個 worker 2 個執行緒，然后是 3 個，然后我認為為了測驗我只需要一個。不知道會不會影響結果。
應用程式.py：
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from file1 import function
import spacy
from spacy import displacy
nlp = spacy.load("el_core_news_sm")
from flaskext.markdown import Extension,Markdown
def create_app():
#Init App
app = Flask(__name__)
Markdown(app)
app = create_app()
@app.route('/')
def home():
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/submit', methods=['POST'])
def submit():
variale1 = function(var)
....some code...
return something
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host='0.0.0.0')
wsgi.py：
import os
import sys
fpath = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'AppName')
sys.path.append(fpath)
#print("||the system path||",sys.path)
import file2
import file1
import AppName
from AppName import app
if __name__ == "__main__":
# app = create_app()
app.run()
NGINX：
我在 /etc/systemd/system/AppName.service 使用服務運行它。
AppName.service：
[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn instance to serve AppName
After=network.target
[Service]
User=user1
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName
Environment="PATH=/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/bin"
ExecStart=/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/venv/bin/gunicorn -w 2 --bind unix:AppName.sock -m 007 wsgi:app
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
這里 nginx 拋出一個錯誤，它無法連接到套接字，這是因為 gunicorn 沒有運行。
此服務與 /etc/nginx/sites-available/AppName.conf 一起使用。
AppName.conf：
server {
listen 80;
server_name domainname.com www.domainname.com;
location / {
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/var/www/FlaskApp/AppName/AppName.sock;
}
}
然后我使用命令：
sudo systemctl start AppName
sudo systemctl enable AppName
sudo systemctl status AppName
并在啟用站點時添加符號鏈接。然后我只是啟動nginx。
我看到一個關于使用函式裝飾器的帖子：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2757496/using-python-decorator-functions-from-a-different-module
Βut我對python不太了解，所以我對此感到很困惑。我什至不確定這是錯誤還是我擁有init .py 檔案的方式。
我遵循了這些指南：
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-deploying-production-ready-flask-app-anand-iyer
https://gunicorn.org/#deployment
https://docs.gunicorn.org/en/stable/deploy.html
https://towardsdatascience.com/understanding-python-imports-init-py-and-pythonpath-once-and-for-all-4c5249ab6355
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/decorators-in-python/
我使用的主要指南是這樣的：
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-serve-flask-applications-with-gunicorn-and-nginx-on-ubuntu-18-04
我用于除錯的鏈接：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66834369/heroku-gunicorn-flask-app-running-error
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8488482/attributeerror-nonetype-object-has-no-attribute-route-and-webapp2
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2757496/using-python-decorator-functions-from-a-different-module
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
添加到函式 create_app 的回傳陳述句。在函式的末尾回傳應用程式。
沒有它它回傳無，所以預計 python 不知道什么是 app.route
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