現階段，基本上都是前后端分離專案，這樣一來，就需要前后端配合，沒有統一回傳格式，那么對接起來會很麻煩，浪費時間，我們需要把所有介面及例外錯誤資訊都回傳一定的Json格式，有利于前端處理，從而提高了作業效率，
一、準備作業
定義回應物體類
/// <summary> /// 回應物體類 /// </summary> public class ResultModel { /// <summary> /// 狀態碼 /// </summary> public int ReturnCode { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 內容 /// </summary> public object Data { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 錯誤資訊 /// </summary> public string ErrorMessage { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 是否成功 /// </summary> public bool IsSuccess { get; set; } }
修改Controller層
在controller層處理業務請求，new 一個ResultModel 物件，回傳給前端，
/// <summary> /// 查詢用戶 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [Route("getUser")] [HttpGet] public ResultModel GetUser() { var data =https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghao510/p/ _userRepository.GetAll().ToList(); return new ResultModel() { Data = https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghao510/p/data, ErrorMessage = null, IsSuccess = true, ReturnCode = 200 }; }
這樣需要每個方法都需要重新new一個ResultModel 物件，感覺有點代碼冗余，
我們只需要加幾個靜態方法，每個方法回傳都是ResultModel物件，成功的時候呼叫ResultModel.OK，失敗的時候呼叫ResultModel.ERROR即可，
優化
添加兩個靜態方法
/// <summary> /// 成功 /// </summary> /// <param name="data">回傳資料</param> /// <returns></returns> public static ResultModel Ok(object data) { return new ResultModel { Data = https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghao510/p/data, ErrorMessage = null, IsSuccess = true, ReturnCode = 200 }; } /// <summary> /// 失敗 /// </summary> /// <param name="str">錯誤資訊</param> /// <param name="code">狀態碼</param> /// <returns></returns> public static ResultModel Error(string str,int code) { return new ResultModel { Data = https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghao510/p/null, ErrorMessage = str, IsSuccess = false, ReturnCode = code }; }
修改控制器
/// <summary> /// 查詢用戶 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [Route("getUser")] [HttpGet] public ResultModel GetUser() { var data =https://www.cnblogs.com/tenghao510/p/ _userRepository.GetAll().ToList(); return ResultModel.Ok(data); }
二、全域例外處理
通過全域例外處理，任何錯誤資訊都會被攔截，回傳統一格式，
定義全域例外處理中間件
using System; using System.Threading.Tasks; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using NetCoreWebApi.Util; using Newtonsoft.Json; namespace NetCoreWebApi.Filter { /// <summary> /// 處理全域資訊中間件 /// </summary> public class ExceptionMiddleWare { /// <summary> /// 處理HTTP請求的函式， /// </summary> private readonly RequestDelegate _next; /// <summary> /// 建構式 /// </summary> /// <param name="next"></param> public ExceptionMiddleWare(RequestDelegate next) { _next = next; } public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context) { try { //拋給下一個中間件 await _next(context); } catch (Exception ex) { await WriteExceptionAsync(context, ex); } finally { await WriteExceptionAsync(context, null); } } private async Task WriteExceptionAsync(HttpContext context, Exception exception) { if (exception != null) { var response = context.Response; var message = exception.InnerException == null ? exception.Message : exception.InnerException.Message; response.ContentType = "application/json"; await response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(ResultModel.Error(message, 400))).ConfigureAwait(false); } else { var code = context.Response.StatusCode; switch (code) { case 200: return; case 204: return; case 401: context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(ResultModel.Error("token已過期,請重新登錄.", code))).ConfigureAwait(false); break; default: context.Response.ContentType = "application/json"; await context.Response.WriteAsync(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(ResultModel.Error("未知錯誤", code))).ConfigureAwait(false); break; } } } } }
注冊中間件
在Startup.cs啟動類的Configure方法中添加UseMiddleware方法
//例外處理中間件 app.UseMiddleware(typeof(ExceptionMiddleWare));
三、驗證物體模型
有兩種方式：
1.使用自定義過濾器
2.使用默認自帶的400模型驗證，需要在控制器上面加上【ApiController】，這種方式優先級比較高，如果需要自定義模型驗證，則需要先關閉默認的模型驗證
【ApiController】
自動推斷引數系結：可以省略[FromBody]等引數特性
自動模型驗證：自動驗證模型是否合法
參考：https://blog.csdn.net/sD7O95O/article/details/81844154
services.AddMvc(e => { e.Filters.Add<CheckModel>(); }) .SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2) .ConfigureApiBehaviorOptions(e => { //關閉默認模型驗證 e.SuppressModelStateInvalidFilter = true; });
參考：https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/microsoft.aspnetcore.mvc.apibehavioroptions?view=aspnetcore-2.2
自定義過濾器
創建CheckModel過濾器繼承ActionFilterAttribute抽象類，重寫其中需要的方法
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters; using NetCoreWebApi.Util; namespace NetCoreWebApi.Filter { /// <summary> /// 驗證物體物件是否合法 /// </summary> public class CheckModel : ActionFilterAttribute { /// <summary> /// Action 呼叫前執行 /// </summary> /// <param name="actionContext"></param> public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext actionContext) { if (!actionContext.ModelState.IsValid) { //初始化回傳結果 var result = new ResultModel { IsSuccess = false, ReturnCode = 400 }; foreach (var item in actionContext.ModelState.Values) { foreach (var error in item.Errors) { result.ErrorMessage += error.ErrorMessage + "|"; } } actionContext.Result = new JsonResult(result); } } /// <summary> /// Action 方法呼叫后，Result 方法呼叫前執行 /// </summary> /// <param name="context"></param> public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context) {
} } }
將寫的過濾器注冊到全域
services.AddMvc(e => { //注冊過濾器 e.Filters.Add<CheckModel>(); }) .SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2) .ConfigureApiBehaviorOptions(e => { //關閉默認模型驗證 e.SuppressModelStateInvalidFilter = true; });
創建UserDto
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace NetCoreWebApi.Repository.Dto { /// <summary> /// 用戶傳輸物件 /// </summary> public class UserDto { /// <summary> /// 用戶Id /// </summary> [StringLength(32, ErrorMessage = "{0}最多{1}個字符"), Display(Name = "用戶Id")] public string UserId { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 用戶名 /// </summary> [StringLength(20, ErrorMessage = "{0}最多{1}個字符"), Display(Name = "用戶名")] public string UserName { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 郵箱 /// </summary> [StringLength(30, ErrorMessage = "{0}最多{1}個字符"), Display(Name = "郵箱")] public string Email { get; set; } } }
測驗
默認模型驗證
services.AddMvc(e => { //注冊過濾器 //e.Filters.Add<CheckModel>(); }) .SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2) .ConfigureApiBehaviorOptions(e => { ////關閉默認模型驗證 //e.SuppressModelStateInvalidFilter = true; e.InvalidModelStateResponseFactory = actionContext => { //獲取驗證失敗的模型欄位 var errors = actionContext.ModelState .Where(e1 => e1.Value.Errors.Count > 0) .Select(e1 => e1.Value.Errors.First().ErrorMessage) .ToList(); var str = string.Join("|", errors); return new JsonResult(ResultModel.Error(str, 400)); }; });
兩種驗證方法效果是一致的
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標籤：.NET Core