C#執行緒學習筆記七：Task詳細用法-有解無憂

一、Task類簡介：

Task類是在.NET Framework 4.0中提供的新功能，主要用于異步操作的控制，它比Thread和ThreadPool提供了更為強大的功能，并且更方便使用，

Task和Task<TResult>類：前者接收的是Action委托型別；后者接收的是Func<TResult>委托型別，

任務Task和執行緒Thread的區別：

1、任務是架構在執行緒之上，也就是說任務最侄訓是要拋給執行緒去執行，它們都是在同一命名空間System.Threading下，

2、任務跟執行緒并不是一對一的關系，比如說開啟10個任務并不一定會開啟10個執行緒，因為使用Task開啟新任務時，是從執行緒池中呼叫執行緒，這點與

ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem類似，

二、Task的創建

2.1創建方式1：呼叫建構式

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：使用任務實作異步
            ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(1000, 1000);
            PrintMessage("Main thread start.");
            //呼叫建構式創建Task物件
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(n => AsyncMethod((int)n), 10);

            //啟動任務 
            task.Start();
            //等待任務完成
            task.Wait();
            Console.WriteLine("The method result is: " + task.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列印執行緒池資訊
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        private static void PrintMessage(string data)
        {
            //獲得執行緒池中可用的作業者執行緒數量及I/O執行緒數量
            ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out int workThreadNumber, out int ioThreadNumber);

            Console.WriteLine("{0}\n CurrentThreadId is:{1}\n CurrentThread is background:{2}\n WorkerThreadNumber is:{3}\n IOThreadNumbers is:{4}\n",
                data,
                Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,
                Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground.ToString(),
                workThreadNumber.ToString(),
                ioThreadNumber.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 異步方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static int AsyncMethod(int n)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            PrintMessage("Asynchoronous method.");

            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            {
                //運算溢位檢查
                checked
                {
                    sum += i;
                }
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

View Code

2.2創建方式2：任務工廠

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：使用任務工廠實作異步
            ////無參無回傳值
            //ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(1000, 1000);
            //Task.Factory.StartNew(() => PrintMessage("Main thread."));
            //Console.Read();

            //有參有回傳值
            ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(1000, 1000);
            PrintMessage("Main thread start.");
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(n => AsyncMethod((int)n), 10);
            //等待任務完成
            task.Wait();
            Console.WriteLine("The method result is: " + task.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列印執行緒池資訊
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        private static void PrintMessage(string data)
        {
            //獲得執行緒池中可用的作業者執行緒數量及I/O執行緒數量
            ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out int workThreadNumber, out int ioThreadNumber);

            Console.WriteLine("{0}\n CurrentThreadId is:{1}\n CurrentThread is background:{2}\n WorkerThreadNumber is:{3}\n IOThreadNumbers is:{4}\n",
                data,
                Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,
                Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground.ToString(),
                workThreadNumber.ToString(),
                ioThreadNumber.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 異步方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static int AsyncMethod(int n)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            PrintMessage("Asynchoronous method.");

            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            {
                //運算溢位檢查
                checked
                {
                    sum += i;
                }
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

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2.3創建方式3：Run方法

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：使用Task.Run實作異步
            ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(1000, 1000);
            PrintMessage("Main thread start.");
            var task = Task.Run(() => AsyncMethod(10));
            //等待任務完成
            task.Wait();
            Console.WriteLine("The method result is: " + task.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列印執行緒池資訊
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        private static void PrintMessage(string data)
        {
            //獲得執行緒池中可用的作業者執行緒數量及I/O執行緒數量
            ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out int workThreadNumber, out int ioThreadNumber);

            Console.WriteLine("{0}\n CurrentThreadId is:{1}\n CurrentThread is background:{2}\n WorkerThreadNumber is:{3}\n IOThreadNumbers is:{4}\n",
                data,
                Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,
                Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground.ToString(),
                workThreadNumber.ToString(),
                ioThreadNumber.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 異步方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static int AsyncMethod(int n)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            PrintMessage("Asynchoronous method.");

            int sum = 0;
            for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            {
                //運算溢位檢查
                checked
                {
                    sum += i;
                }
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

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三、Task的簡略生命周期

可通過Status屬性獲取，

狀態	說明
Created	表示默認初始化任務，但是工廠及Run創建方式會直接跳過，
WaitingToRun	表示等待任務調度器分配執行緒給任務執行，
RanToCompletion	表示任務執行完畢，

四、Task的控制

方法名	說明
Task.Wait	如task1.Wait();就是等待task1任務的執行，執行完成后狀態變為Completed，
Task.WaitAll	等待所有的任務執行完畢，
Task.WaitAny	等待任意一個任務完成后就繼續向下執行，
Task.ContinueWith	上一個任務執行完成后自動啟動下一個任務，實作任務的按序進行，
CancellationTokenSource	通過其token來取消一個Task，

4.1、組合任務

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：Task組合任務
            //創建一個任務
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(() =>
            {
                int sum = 0;
                Console.WriteLine("使用任務實作異步，");
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    sum += i;
                }
                return sum;
            });
            //任務啟動并安排到任務佇列等待執行(System.Threading.Tasks.TaskScheduler)
            task.Start();
            //任務完成時執行處理
            Task cwt = task.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("任務的執行結果：{0}", t.Result.ToString());
            });
            task.Wait();
            cwt.Wait();
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.2、串行任務

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：Task串行任務
            //堆疊
            ConcurrentStack<int> stack = new ConcurrentStack<int>();

            //t1最早串行
            var t1 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                stack.Push(1);
                stack.Push(2);
            });

            //t2、t3并行執行
            var t2 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                stack.TryPop(out int result);
                Console.WriteLine("Task t2 result={0},thread id is {1}.", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });
            var t3 = t1.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                stack.TryPop(out int result);
                Console.WriteLine("Task t3 result={0},thread id is {1}.", result, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });

            //等待t2、t3執行完畢
            Task.WaitAll(t2, t3);

            //t4串行執行
            var t4 = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine("The stack count={0},thread id is {1}.", stack.Count, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            });
            t4.Wait();

            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.3、子任務

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：Task子任務
            Task<string[]> parent = new Task<string[]>(state =>
            {
                Console.WriteLine(state);
                string[] result = new string[2];
                //創建并啟動子任務
                new Task(() => { result[0] = "子任務1，"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
                new Task(() => { result[1] = "子任務2，"; }, TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent).Start();
                return result;
            }, "我是父任務，我創建了2個子任務，它們執行完后我才會結束執行，");
            //任務完成時執行處理
            parent.ContinueWith(t =>
            {
                Array.ForEach(t.Result, r => Console.WriteLine(r));
            });
            //啟動父任務
            parent.Start();
            parent.Wait();
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.4、動態并行任務

    /// <summary>
    /// 結點類
    /// </summary>
    class Node
    {
        public Node Left { get; set; }
        public Node Right { get; set; }
        public string Text { get; set; }
    }

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：Task動態并行任務
            Node root = GetNode();
            DisplayTree(root);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// GetNode方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static Node GetNode()
        {
            Node root = new Node
            {
                Left = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "L-R"
                    },
                    Text = "L"
                },
                Right = new Node
                {
                    Left = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-L"
                    },
                    Right = new Node
                    {
                        Text = "R-R"
                    },
                    Text = "R"
                },
                Text = "Root"
            };
            return root;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DisplayTree方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="root"></param>
        static void DisplayTree(Node root)
        {
            var task = Task.Factory.StartNew
                (
                    () =>
                    DisplayNode(root),
                    CancellationToken.None,
                    TaskCreationOptions.None,
                    TaskScheduler.Default
                );
            task.Wait();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DisplayNode方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="current"></param>
        static void DisplayNode(Node current)
        {

            if (current.Left != null)
            {
                Task.Factory.StartNew
                    (
                        () =>
                        DisplayNode(current.Left),
                        CancellationToken.None,
                        TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                        TaskScheduler.Default
                    );
            }
            if (current.Right != null)
            {
                Task.Factory.StartNew
                    (
                        () =>
                        DisplayNode(current.Right),
                        CancellationToken.None,
                        TaskCreationOptions.AttachedToParent,
                        TaskScheduler.Default
                    );
                Console.WriteLine("The current node text={0},thread id is {1}.", current.Text, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            }
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.5、取消任務

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            #region 取消任務
            ThreadPool.SetMaxThreads(1000, 1000);
            PrintMessage("Main thread start.");
            CancellationTokenSource cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

            //呼叫建構式創建Task物件，將一個CancellationToken傳給Task構造器從而使Task和CancellationToken關聯起來，
            Task<int> task = new Task<int>(n => AsyncMethod(cts.Token, (int)n), 10);

            //啟動任務 
            task.Start();
            //延遲取消任務
            Thread.Sleep(3000);

            //取消任務
            cts.Cancel();
            Console.WriteLine("The method result is: " + task.Result);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 列印執行緒池資訊
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        private static void PrintMessage(string data)
        {
            //獲得執行緒池中可用的作業者執行緒數量及I/O執行緒數量
            ThreadPool.GetAvailableThreads(out int workThreadNumber, out int ioThreadNumber);

            Console.WriteLine("{0}\n CurrentThreadId is:{1}\n CurrentThread is background:{2}\n WorkerThreadNumber is:{3}\n IOThreadNumbers is:{4}\n",
                data,
                Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId,
                Thread.CurrentThread.IsBackground.ToString(),
                workThreadNumber.ToString(),
                ioThreadNumber.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 異步方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ct"></param>
        /// <param name="n"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static int AsyncMethod(CancellationToken ct, int n)
        {
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            PrintMessage("Asynchoronous method.");

            int sum = 0;
            try
            {
                for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
                {
                    //當CancellationTokenSource物件呼叫Cancel方法時，就會引起OperationCanceledException例外，
                    //通過呼叫CancellationToken的ThrowIfCancellationRequested方法來定時檢查操作是否已經取消，
                    //這個方法和CancellationToken的IsCancellationRequested屬性類似，
                    ct.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    //運算溢位檢查
                    checked
                    {
                        sum += i;
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception is:" + e.GetType().Name);
                Console.WriteLine("Operation is canceled.");
            }

            return sum;
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.6、處理單個任務中的例外

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：處理單個任務中的例外
            try
            {
                Task<int> task = Task.Run(() => SingleTaskExceptionMethod("Single task.", 2));
                int result = task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
                Console.WriteLine("Result:{0}", result);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Single task exception caught:{0}", ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// SingleTaskException方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="seconds"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static int SingleTaskExceptionMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on thread {1}.Is it threadpool thread?:{2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds));
            throw new Exception("Boom.");
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.7、處理多個任務中的例外

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：處理多個任務中的例外
            try
            {
                var t1 = new Task<int>(() => MultipleTaskExceptionMethod("Multiple task 1", 3));
                var t2 = new Task<int>(() => MultipleTaskExceptionMethod("Multiple task 2", 2));
                var complexTask = Task.WhenAll(t1, t2);
                var exceptionHandler = complexTask.ContinueWith
                    (
                        t =>
                        Console.WriteLine("Result:{0}", t.Result),
                        TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted
                    );
                t1.Start();
                t2.Start();
                Task.WaitAll(t1, t2);
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (AggregateException ex)
            {
                ex.Handle
                    (
                        exception =>
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine(exception.Message);
                            return true;
                        }
                    );
            }
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// MultipleTaskException方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name"></param>
        /// <param name="seconds"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static int MultipleTaskExceptionMethod(string name, int seconds)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Task {0} is running on thread id {1}. Is it threadpool thread?:{2}",
                name, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds));
            throw new Exception(string.Format("Task {0} Boom.", name));
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.8、Task.FromResult的應用

    class Program
    {
        //字典
        private static readonly IDictionary<string, string> cache = new Dictionary<string, string>()
        {
            {"0001","A"},
            {"0002","B"},
            {"0003","C"},
            {"0004","D"},
            {"0005","E"},
            {"0006","F"},
        };

        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：Task.FromResult的應用
            Task<string> task = GetValueFromCacheMethod("0006");
            Console.WriteLine("Result={0}", task.Result.ToString());
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// GetValueFromCache方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static Task<string> GetValueFromCacheMethod(string key)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("GetValueFromCache開始執行……");
            string result = string.Empty;
            Thread.Sleep(3000);
            Console.WriteLine("GetValueFromCache繼續執行……");
            if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out result))
            {
                return Task.FromResult(result);
            }
            return Task.FromResult("");
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

4.9、使用IProgress實作異步編程的行程通知

IProgress<in T>只提供了一個方法void Report(T value)，通過Report方法把一個T型別的值報告給IProgress，然后IProgress<in T>的實作類Progress<in T>的建構式

接收型別為Action<T>的形參，通過這個委托讓進度顯示在UI界面中，

    class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：使用IProgress實作異步編程的行程通知
            Task task = Display();
            task.Wait();
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// DoProcessing方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="progress"></param>
        static void DoProcessing(IProgress<int> progress)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(100);
                if (progress != null)
                {
                    progress.Report(i);
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Display方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        static async Task Display()
        {
            //當前執行緒
            var progress = new Progress<int>
                (
                    percent =>
                    {
                        Console.Clear();
                        Console.Write("{0}%", percent);
                    }
                );
            //執行緒池執行緒
            await Task.Run(() => DoProcessing(progress));
            Console.WriteLine("");
            Console.WriteLine("結束");
        }
    }

View Code

運行結果如下：

4.10、Factory.FromAsync的應用

(簡APM模式(委托)轉換為任務)(BeginXXX和EndXXX)

帶回呼方式：

    class Program
    {
        //使用委托實作異步，是使用了異步編程模型APM，
        private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);

        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：帶回呼方式的Factory.FromAsync的應用
            AsynchronousTask d = TestMethod;
            Console.WriteLine("Option 1");
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(d.BeginInvoke("AsyncTaskThread", Callback, "A delegate asynchronous called."), d.EndInvoke);

            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Callback is finished,now running a continuation. Result: {0}",t.Result));

            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// FromAsync方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="threadName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string FromAsyncMethod(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting...");
            Console.WriteLine("Is it threadpool thread?:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
            return string.Format("Thread name:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Callback方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ar"></param>
        private static void Callback(IAsyncResult ar)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting a callback...");
            Console.WriteLine("State passed to a callbak: {0}", ar.AsyncState);
            Console.WriteLine("Is it threadpool thread?:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Console.WriteLine("Threadpool worker thread id: {0}",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
        }
    }

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運行結果如下：

不帶回呼方式：

    class Program
    {
        //使用委托實作異步，是使用了異步編程模型APM，
        private delegate string AsynchronousTask(string threadName);

        public static void Main()
        {
            #region 作業者執行緒：不帶回呼方式的Factory.FromAsync的應用
            AsynchronousTask d = FromAsyncMethod;
            Task<string> task = Task<string>.Factory.FromAsync(d.BeginInvoke, d.EndInvoke, "AsyncTaskThread", "A delegate asynchronous called.");
            task.ContinueWith(t => Console.WriteLine("Task is completed, now running a continuation! Result: {0}",t.Result));
            while (!task.IsCompleted)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
                Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.5));
            }
            Console.WriteLine(task.Status);
            Console.ReadLine();
            #endregion
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// FromAsync方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="threadName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string FromAsyncMethod(string threadName)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Starting...");
            Console.WriteLine("Is it threadpool thread?:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.IsThreadPoolThread);
            Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2));
            Thread.CurrentThread.Name = threadName;
            return string.Format("Thread name:{0}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name);
        }
    }

View Code

運行結果如下：

參考自：

https://www.cnblogs.com/kelelipeng/p/10237669.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/lonelyxmas/p/9509298.html

轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/net/91553.html

標籤：C#

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