隨著時間的發展,Serverless 架構越來越火熱,其按量付費、彈性伸縮等諸多優質特性,讓人眼前一亮,不得不驚嘆云計算為我們帶來的便利,
本實踐通過一個博客系統的開發,和大家簡單地體驗一下基于 Serverless 架構的博客系統是什么樣的,
開發前的思考
-
博客系統需要哪些功能?本文僅僅是 demo 性質,所以功能比較少,只有兩個頁面,具有文章管理、分類管理、標簽管理以及留言管理等功能,同時為了方便用戶管理,要有前臺和后臺兩部分,
-
前臺如何做?前臺可能是用戶流量比較大的(相對后臺而言),所以這部分就是用單獨的函式,每個功能一個函式,初步判斷前臺可能需要:獲取文章分類,獲取文章串列,獲取評論串列,增加評論,獲取標簽串列等介面,
-
后臺如何做?后臺理論上是管理員的專屬地盤,所以這一部分流量比較小,可以通過
flask-admin,放入到一個函式中來解決, -
為什么前臺要那么多函式,后臺用一個框架?整個專案就用一個框架不好么?首先要回答,整個專案用一個框架也是可以的,但是并不好,例如這個專案的后臺,使用的是 Flask 框架,用了
flask-admin來做后臺管理,這個開發程序很簡單,可能整個后臺就一百來行代碼就搞定了,但是這涉及到:
- 網頁的回傳,需要 APIGW 開啟回應集成,回應集成的性能其實很差,所以相對來說,不太適合放在前端;
- 一個完整專案比較大,可能需要的資源也會更多,那么我們就需要給這個函式更多的資源記憶體,可能會導致收費的增加,例如我的后臺給的資源是 1024,我的前端每個函式給的記憶體資源是 128/256,在執行同樣時間的時候,明顯后者的費用降低了 4~8 倍,同樣,函式可能涉及大冷啟動,冷啟動一個函式和冷啟動函式中的一個完整的框架/專案,前者的速度和性能可能會更好一下;
- 函式都有并發上限的,如果所有的資源全都請求到一個函式,那么很可能實際用戶并發幾個的時候,對用的函式并發就可能是幾十幾百,這很可能在用戶稍微多一點的情況下,就會觸及用戶實體的上限限制,后臺功能是非頻繁功能,前臺相對來說是更頻繁的,所以前臺是用單獨介面更合理,
- 登陸功能怎么做?非常抱歉,函式并不能像傳統開發,將客戶的一些登錄資訊快取到機器上,但是客戶端依舊可以使用 cookie,所以利用這個方法,可以做以下流程:
-
后臺登錄入口處,拉取 APIGW 傳過來的 APIGW Event,看其中 headers/cookie 是否存在,不存在就會回傳登錄頁面;
-
如果 headers/cookie 存在,取 cookie 中的 token 欄位,判斷 token 欄位是否和服務端的 token 欄位吻合,吻合進入系統后臺,不吻合回傳登錄頁面
-
用戶登錄,請求后臺的登陸功能,如果賬號密碼正確,則回傳給用戶一個 token,客戶端將 token 記錄到 cookie 中
-
問題來了:
- token 是什么?Token 可以認為是一個登錄憑證,生成方法可以按照自己設計升級,本實踐比較簡單,就直接用賬號密碼組合,然后 md5,
- token 存在那里?下次如何獲取?Token 可以存在 Mysql 資料庫中,也可以存在 Redis 中,甚至可以存在 COS 中,例如 Redis 和 COS,都可以利用其自身的一些特性做一些額外的操作,例如資料有效期(用來做登錄過期等),當然本文不想做的那么麻煩,所以每次用戶請求過來,都是單獨計算 token,然后進行的對比,
- 這種 token 登陸方法可以用于其他專案么?還是僅適用于這種博客系統,可以適用其他專案,很多專案都可以通過這種方法來做,例如我自己的 Anycodes,也是通過 Token 進行鑒權,只不過在 Serverless 架構下,Token 如何存盤是一個問題,但是我個人推薦有錢就用 redis,沒錢就用 cos,不想額外花錢就像我,每次是用單獨對比,
- token 存在 redis 可以理解,但是存在 cos 是為什么?cos 本身是物件存盤,用來存盤檔案的,其實完全可以用來存盤 token,例如我們每次生成一個新的 token,都把這個 token 設定為一個檔案,檔案內容就是這個 token 對應的用戶資訊或者是權限資訊,或者其他的資訊,然后存盤桶策略設定成檔案過期時間,例如檔案存入 1 天自動洗掉,那么 1 天之后,你存盤的這個 token 檔案就會被洗掉,等用戶帶著 token 過來的時候,直接通過內網請求 cos(沒有流量費)獲取指定檔案名,如果獲取到了就下載回來(檔案一般也就 1K 或者以下),然后進行其他操作,不存在就證明用戶已過期,或者 token 錯誤,讓他重新登錄就好了,當然,這種方法可能不是最優解,但是確實是在 Serverless 條件下的一個有趣的做法,可以在小專案中嘗試使用,
- 專案本地開發如何進行除錯?眾所周知 Serverless 架構的本地除錯很難,確實如此,雖然說本地除錯很困難,但也不是不能越過去的,可以根據專案自己的需求,來做一些除錯策略,
專案開發
專案開發程序主要就是資料庫的增刪改查,為了更加適應 Serverless 架構下的專案開發,也為了提高專案的開發效率特總結了相關的開發技巧和經驗,
資料庫設計
由于是做一個簡單的博客,所以資料庫相對設計比較簡單,只有文章表、分類表以及標簽表、評論表等,整體的 ER 圖如下所示:

本地開發與除錯
對于開發除錯,我在每個函式后面增加了對應觸發器的除錯方案,例如 APIGW 觸發器,我增加了以下代碼:
def test():
event = {
"requestContext": {
"serviceId": "service-f94sy04v",
"path": "/test/{path}",
"httpMethod": "POST",
"requestId": "c6af9ac6-7b61-11e6-9a41-93e8deadbeef",
"identity": {
"secretId": "abdcdxxxxxxxsdfs"
},
"sourceIp": "14.17.22.34",
"stage": "release"
},
"headers": {
"Accept-Language": "en-US,en,cn",
"Accept": "text/html,application/xml,application/json",
"Host": "service-3ei3tii4-251000691.ap-guangzhou.apigateway.myqloud.com",
"User-Agent": "User Agent String"
},
"body": json.dumps({"id": 1}),
.... ....
}
print(main_handler(event, None))
if __name__ == "__main__":
test()
在實際上,我每次想要看一下運行效果,我都會執行這個檔案:
{'id': 1, 'title': '', 'watched': 1, 'category': '熱點新聞', 'publish': '2020-02-13 00:45:52', 'tags': [], 'next': {}, 'pre': {}}
{'uuid': '749ca9f6-4dfb-11ea-9c5b-acde48001122', 'error': False, 'message': ''}
可以認為,是在通過本地模擬一些線上環境,當然,如果有 redis 等一些需要內網資源的函式,就比較麻煩,但是我這做法,可以用于絕大部分函式,包括后臺的 Flaks 框架部分:
def test():
event = {'body': 'name=sdsadasdsadasd&remark=', 'headerParameters': {}, 'headers': {
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'cache-control': 'no-cache',
'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '27', 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
'cookie': 'Hm_lvt_a0c900918361b31d762d9cf4dc81ee5b=1574491278,1575257377', 'endpoint-timeout': '15',
'host': 'blog.0duzhan.com', 'origin': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com', 'pragma': 'no-cache',
'proxy-connection': 'keep-alive', 'referer': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com/admin/tag/new/?url=%2Fadmin%2Ftag%2F',
'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36',
'x-anonymous-consumer': 'true', 'x-api-requestid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c',
'x-b3-traceid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-qualifier': '$LATEST'}, 'httpMethod': 'POST',
'path': '/admin/tag/new/', 'pathParameters': {}, 'queryString': {'url': '/admin/tag/'},
'queryStringParameters': {},
'requestContext': {'httpMethod': 'ANY', 'identity': {}, 'path': '/admin', 'serviceId': 'service-23ybmuq7',
'sourceIp': '119.123.224.87', 'stage': 'release'}}
print(main_handler(event, None))
if __name__ == "__main__":
test()
index 執行結果:
{'body': 'name=sdsadasdsadasd&remark=', 'headerParameters': {}, 'headers': {'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'cache-control': 'no-cache', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '27', 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded', 'cookie': 'Hm_lvt_a0c900918361b31d762d9cf4dc81ee5b=1574491278,1575257377', 'endpoint-timeout': '15', 'host': 'blog.0duzhan.com', 'origin': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com', 'pragma': 'no-cache', 'proxy-connection': 'keep-alive', 'referer': 'http://blog.0duzhan.com/admin/tag/new/?url=%2Fadmin%2Ftag%2F', 'upgrade-insecure-requests': '1', 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36', 'x-anonymous-consumer': 'true', 'x-api-requestid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-b3-traceid': '656622f3b008a0d406a376809b03b52c', 'x-qualifier': '$LATEST'}, 'httpMethod': 'POST', 'path': '/admin/tag/new/', 'pathParameters': {}, 'queryString': {'url': '/admin/tag/'}, 'queryStringParameters': {}, 'requestContext': {'httpMethod': 'ANY', 'identity': {}, 'path': '/admin', 'serviceId': 'service-23ybmuq7', 'sourceIp': '119.123.224.87', 'stage': 'release'}}
{'isBase64Encoded': False, 'statusCode': 200, 'headers': {'Content-Type': 'text/html'}, 'body': '<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en">\n<head>\n <meta charset="UTF-8">\n <title>Title</title>\n <script>\n var url = window.location.href\n url = url.split("admin")[0] + "admin"\n String.prototype.endWith = function (s) {\n var d = this.length - s.length;\n return (d >= 0 && this.lastIndexOf(s) == d)\n }\n if (window.location.href != url) {\n if (!window.location.href.endsWith("admin") || !window.location.href.endsWith("admin/"))\n window.location = url\n }\n\n function doLogin() {\n var xmlhttp = window.XMLHttpRequest ? (new XMLHttpRequest()) : (new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"))\n xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function () {\n if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {\n if (JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["token"]) {\n document.cookie = "token=" + JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["token"];\n window.location = `http://${window.location.host}/admin`\n } else {\n alert(JSON.parse(xmlhttp.responseText)["message"])\n }\n }\n }\n xmlhttp.open("POST", window.location.pathname, true);\n xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/json");\n xmlhttp.send(JSON.stringify({\n "username": document.getElementById("username").value,\n "password": document.getElementById("password").value,\n }));\n }\n </script>\n</head>\n<body>\n\n<center><h1>Serverless Blog 后臺管理</h1>\n 管理賬號:<input type="text" id="username"><br>\n 管理密碼:<input type="password" id="password"><br>\n <input type="reset"><input type="submit" onclick="doLogin()"><br>\n</center>\n</body>\n</html>'}
Flask部署
Flask 部署到 Serverless 架構可以用 @serverless/tencent-flask,但是這里為了更加深入了解傳統框架如何部署到 Serverless 架構,所以此處自行「造輪子」實作,先來看一張圖:

在通常情況下,我們使用 Flask 等框架實際上要通過 web_server,進入到下一個環節,而我們云函式更多是一個函式,本不需要啟動 web server,所以我們就可以直接呼叫 wsgi_app 這個方法,其中這里的 environ 就是我們剛才的通過對 event/context 等進行處理后的物件,start_response 可以認為是我們的一種特殊的資料結構,例如我們的 response 結構形態等,所以,如果我們自己想要實作這個程序,不使用騰訊云 flask-component,可以這樣做:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright 2016 Matt Martz
# All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
# a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
import sys
import json
try:
from urllib import urlencode
except ImportError:
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from flask import Flask
try:
from cStringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
try:
from StringIO import StringIO
except ImportError:
from io import StringIO
from werkzeug.wrappers import BaseRequest
__version__ = '0.0.4'
def make_environ(event):
environ = {}
for hdr_name, hdr_value in event['headers'].items():
hdr_name = hdr_name.replace('-', '_').upper()
if hdr_name in ['CONTENT_TYPE', 'CONTENT_LENGTH']:
environ[hdr_name] = hdr_value
continue
http_hdr_name = 'HTTP_%s' % hdr_name
environ[http_hdr_name] = hdr_value
apigateway_qs = event['queryStringParameters']
request_qs = event['queryString']
qs = apigateway_qs.copy()
qs.update(request_qs)
body = ''
if 'body' in event:
body = event['body']
environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] = event['httpMethod']
environ['PATH_INFO'] = event['path']
environ['QUERY_STRING'] = urlencode(qs) if qs else ''
environ['REMOTE_ADDR'] = 80
environ['HOST'] = event['headers']['host']
environ['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''
environ['SERVER_PORT'] = 80
environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = 'HTTP/1.1'
environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(body))
environ['wsgi.url_scheme'] = ''
environ['wsgi.input'] = StringIO(body)
environ['wsgi.version'] = (1, 0)
environ['wsgi.errors'] = sys.stderr
environ['wsgi.multithread'] = False
environ['wsgi.run_once'] = True
environ['wsgi.multiprocess'] = False
BaseRequest(environ)
return environ
class LambdaResponse(object):
def __init__(self):
self.status = None
self.response_headers = None
def start_response(self, status, response_headers, exc_info=None):
self.status = int(status[:3])
self.response_headers = dict(response_headers)
class FlaskLambda(Flask):
def __call__(self, event, context):
if 'httpMethod' not in event:
print('httpMethod not in event')
# In this "context" `event` is `environ` and
# `context` is `start_response`, meaning the request didn't
# occur via API Gateway and Lambda
return super(FlaskLambda, self).__call__(event, context)
response = LambdaResponse()
# print response.start_response
body = next(self.wsgi_app(
make_environ(event),
response.start_response
))
# return {
# "isBase64Encoded": False,
# "statusCode": 200,
# "headers": {'Content-Type': 'text/html'},
# "body": body
# }
return {
'statusCode': response.status,
'headers': response.response_headers,
'body': body
}
這個代碼,可以將 APIGW 過來的請求,變成請求集成的形式,傳送給 Flask 框架,用戶可以通過 request.form 來獲取 post 內容,通過 request.args 獲取 get 內容等,
全域變數
全域變數可能包括用戶賬號,密碼,云的密鑰資訊,資料庫資訊等,為了統一配置和修改,可以使用我自己寫的全域變陣列件:
# 函式們的整體配置資訊
Conf:
component: "serverless-global"
inputs:
region: ap-shanghai
runtime: Python3.6
handler: index.main_handler
include_common: ./common
blog_user: Dfounder
blog_email: [email protected]
blog_about_me: 這就是我的博客
blog_host: blog.0duzhan.com
website_title: Serverless Blog System
website_keywords: Serverless, Serverless Framework, Tencent Cloud, SCF
website_description: 一款基于騰訊云Serverless架構,并且采用Serverless Framework構建的Serverless博客系統,
website_bucket: serverless-blog-1256773370
mysql_host:
mysql_user: root
mysql_password:
mysql_port: 60510
mysql_db: serverless_blog_system
admin_user: mytest
admin_password: mytestabc
tencent_secret_id:
tencent_secret_key:
tencent_appid:
在使用的時候,可以直接用,例如函式:
Blog_Web_addComment:
component: "@serverless/tencent-scf"
inputs:
name: Blog_Web_addComment
description: 添加評論
codeUri: ./cloudFunctions/addComment
handler: ${Conf.handler}
runtime: ${Conf.runtime}
region: ${Conf.region}
include:
- ${Conf.include_common}
environment:
variables:
mysql_host: ${Conf.mysql_host}
mysql_port: ${Conf.mysql_port}
mysql_user: ${Conf.mysql_user}
mysql_password: ${Conf.mysql_password}
mysql_db: ${Conf.mysql_db}
專案初始化
為了讓專案更容易初始化,例如我修改網站的名字,描述,關鍵詞,或者我需要建立資料庫等,所以這個時候我單獨做了一個 init 檔案:
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
import pymysql
import shutil
import yaml
import os
def setEnv():
try:
file = open("./serverless.yaml", 'r', encoding="utf-8")
file_data = https://www.cnblogs.com/serverlesscloud/p/file.read()
file.close()
data = yaml.load(file_data)
for eveKey, eveValue in data['Conf']['inputs'].items():
os.environ[eveKey] = str(eveValue)
return True
except Exception as e:
raise e
def initDb():
try:
conn = pymysql.connect(host=os.environ.get('mysql_host'),
user=os.environ.get('mysql_user'),
password=os.environ.get('mysql_password'),
port=int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),
charset='utf8')
cursor = conn.cursor()
sql = "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS {db_name}".format(db_name=os.environ.get('mysql_db'))
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
conn.close()
return True
except Exception as e:
raise e
def initTable():
try:
conn = pymysql.connect(host=os.environ.get('mysql_host'),
user=os.environ.get('mysql_user'),
password=os.environ.get('mysql_password'),
port=int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),
db=os.environ.get('mysql_db'),
charset='utf8',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,
autocommit=1)
cursor = conn.cursor()
createTags = "CREATE TABLE `tags` ( `tid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`tid`), UNIQUE (`name`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"
createCategory = "CREATE TABLE `category` ( `cid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `sorted` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '1' , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), UNIQUE (`name`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"
createComments = "CREATE TABLE `comments` ( `cid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , `publish` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , `user` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `email` VARCHAR(255) NULL , `photo` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `article` INT NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , `uni_mark` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `is_show` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , PRIMARY KEY (`cid`), UNIQUE (`uni_mark`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"
createArticle = "CREATE TABLE `article` ( `aid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `title` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL , `content` TEXT NOT NULL , `description` TEXT NOT NULL , `publish` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP , `watched` INT NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' , `category` INT NOT NULL , `remark` TEXT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`aid`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"
createArticleTags = "CREATE TABLE `article_tags` ( `atid` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `aid` INT NOT NULL , `tid` INT NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`atid`)) ENGINE = InnoDB;"
alertArticleTagsArticle = "ALTER TABLE `article_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `article` FOREIGN KEY (`aid`) REFERENCES `article`(`aid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE; "
alertArticleTagsTags = "ALTER TABLE `article_tags` ADD CONSTRAINT `tags` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `tags`(`tid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"
alertArticleCategory = "ALTER TABLE `article` ADD CONSTRAINT `category` FOREIGN KEY (`category`) REFERENCES `category`(`cid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"
alertCommentsArticle = "ALTER TABLE `comments` ADD CONSTRAINT `article_comments` FOREIGN KEY (`article`) REFERENCES `article`(`aid`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;"
cursor.execute(createTags)
cursor.execute(createCategory)
cursor.execute(createComments)
cursor.execute(createArticle)
cursor.execute(createArticleTags)
cursor.execute(alertArticleTagsArticle)
cursor.execute(alertArticleTagsTags)
cursor.execute(alertArticleCategory)
cursor.execute(alertCommentsArticle)
cursor.close()
conn.close()
return True
except Exception as e:
raise e
def initHTML():
try:
tempPath = "website"
tempDist = os.path.join(tempPath, "dist")
if os.path.exists(tempDist):
shutil.rmtree(tempDist)
tempFileList = []
for eve in os.walk(tempPath):
if eve[2]:
for eveFile in eve[2]:
tempFileList.append(os.path.join(eve[0], eveFile))
os.mkdir(tempDist)
for eve in tempFileList:
temp = os.path.split(eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist))
if not os.path.exists(temp[0]):
os.makedirs(temp[0])
if eve.endswith(".html") or eve.endswith(".htm"):
with open(eve) as readData:
with open(eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist), "w") as writeData:
writeData.write(readData.read().
replace('{{ user }}', os.environ.get('blog_user')).
replace('{{ email }}', os.environ.get('blog_email')).
replace('{{ title }}', os.environ.get('website_title')).
replace('{{ keywords }}', os.environ.get('website_keywords')).
replace('{{ about_me }}', os.environ.get('blog_about_me')).
replace('{{ host }}', os.environ.get('blog_host')).
replace('{{ description }}', os.environ.get('website_description')))
else:
shutil.copy(eve, eve.replace(tempPath, tempDist))
return True
except Exception as e:
raise e
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("獲取Yaml資料: ", setEnv())
print("建立資料庫:", initDb())
print("建立資料庫:", initTable())
print("初始化HTML:", initHTML())
公共組件的開發
在專案中會有很多公共組件,例如資料庫的部分,所以我把資料庫的代碼,統一放到了一起:common/mysqlCommon.py:
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
import os
import re
import pymysql
import hashlib
from random import choice
class mysqlCommon:
def __init__(self):
self.getConnection({
"host": os.environ.get('mysql_host'),
"user": os.environ.get('mysql_user'),
"port": int(os.environ.get('mysql_port')),
"db": os.environ.get('mysql_db'),
"password": os.environ.get('mysql_password')
})
def getDefaultPic(self):
return choice([
'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=1484500186,1503043093&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=853',
'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=2247852322,986532796&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=853',
'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=3204887199,3790688592&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=4610&h=2968',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=3363001160,1163944807&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=830',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=583874135,70653437&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=3607&h=2408',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=583874135,70653437&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=3607&h=2408',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=1307125826,3433407105&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=5760&h=3240',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2268908537,2815455140&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=719',
'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=1179872664,290201490&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=3949188917,63856583&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=875',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2266751744,4253267866&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=4100756023,1345858297&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t7.baidu.com/it/u=1355385882,1155324943&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=2292037961,3689236171&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t9.baidu.com/it/u=4241966675,2405819829&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=854',
'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=2857883419,1187496708&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=763',
'http://t8.baidu.com/it/u=198337120,441348595&fm=79&app=86&f=JPEG?w=1280&h=732'
])
def getConnection(self, conf):
self.connection = pymysql.connect(host=conf['host'],
user=conf['user'],
password=conf['password'],
port=int(conf['port']),
db=conf['db'],
charset='utf8',
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor,
autocommit=1)
def doAction(self, stmt, data):
try:
self.connection.ping(reconnect=True)
cursor = self.connection.cursor()
cursor.execute(stmt, data)
result = cursor
cursor.close()
return result
except Exception as e:
print(e)
try:
cursor.close()
except:
pass
return False
def getCategoryList(self):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT * FROM `category` ORDER BY `sorted`"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())
if result == False:
return False
return [{"id": eveCategory['cid'], "name": eveCategory['name']} for eveCategory in result.fetchall()]
def getArticleList(self, category, tag, page=1):
if category:
search_stmt = (
"SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid WHERE article.category=%s ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"
)
count_stmt = (
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid WHERE article.category=%s;"
)
data = https://www.cnblogs.com/serverlesscloud/p/(category, 10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))
count_data = (category,)
elif tag:
search_stmt = (
"SELECT article.* FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `article_tags` ON article.aid=article_tags.aid WHERE article_tags.tid=%s ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"
)
count_stmt = (
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article`LEFT JOIN `article_tags` ON article.aid=article_tags.aid WHERE article_tags.tid=%s;"
)
data = (tag, 10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))
count_data = (tag,)
else:
search_stmt = (
"SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid ORDER BY -article.aid LIMIT %s,%s;"
)
count_stmt = (
"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid; "
)
data = (10 * (int(page) - 1), 10 * int(page))
count_data = ()
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, data)
if result == False:
return False
return {"data": [{"id": eveArticle['aid'],
"title": eveArticle['title'],
"description": eveArticle['description'],
"watched": eveArticle['watched'],
"category": eveArticle['category'],
"publish": str(eveArticle['publish']),
"picture": self.getPicture(eveArticle['content'])}
for eveArticle in result.fetchall()],
"count": self.doAction(count_stmt, count_data).fetchone()["COUNT(*)"]}
def getHotArticleList(self):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT article.*,category.name FROM `article` LEFT JOIN `category` ON article.category=category.cid ORDER BY article.watched LIMIT 0,5"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())
if result == False:
return False
return [{"id": eveArticle['aid'],
"title": eveArticle['title'],
"description": eveArticle['description'],
"watched": eveArticle['watched'],
"category": eveArticle['category'],
"publish": str(eveArticle['publish']),
"picture": self.getPicture(eveArticle['content'])}
for
eveArticle in result.fetchall()]
def getTagsArticle(self, aid):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT tags.name, tags.tid FROM `article_tags` LEFT JOIN `tags` ON article_tags.tid=tags.tid WHERE article_tags.aid=%s;"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid,))
if result == False:
return False
return [{"id": eveTag["tid"], "name": eveTag["name"]} for eveTag in result.fetchall()]
def getTagsList(self):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT * FROM tags ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 20; "
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, ())
if result == False:
return False
return [{"id": eveTag['tid'], "name": eveTag['name']} for eveTag in result.fetchall()]
def getArticleContent(self, aid):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT article.*, category.name FROM `category` LEFT JOIN `article` ON category.cid=article.category WHERE article.aid=%s;"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))
if result == False:
return False
article = result.fetchone()
return {
"id": article["aid"],
"title": article["title"],
"content": article["content"],
"description": article["description"],
"watched": article["watched"],
"category": article["name"],
"publish": str(article["publish"]),
"tags": self.getTagsArticle(article["aid"]),
"next": self.getOtherArticle(aid, "next"),
"pre": self.getOtherArticle(aid, "pre")
} if article else {}
def getOtherArticle(self, aid, articleType):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE aid=(select max(aid) from `article` where aid>%s)"
) if articleType == "next" else (
"SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE aid=(select max(aid) from `article` where aid<%s)"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))
if result == False:
return False
article = result.fetchone()
return {
"id": article["aid"],
"title": article["title"]
} if article else {}
def getComments(self, aid):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT * FROM `comments` WHERE article=%s AND is_show=1 ORDER BY -cid LIMIT 100;"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (aid))
if result == False:
return False
return [{"content": eveComment['content'],
"publish": str(eveComment['publish']),
"user": eveComment['user'],
"remark": eveComment['remark']} for eveComment in result.fetchall()]
def addComment(self, content, user, email, aid):
insert_stmt = (
"INSERT INTO `comments` (`cid`, `content`, `publish`, `user`, `email`, `article`, `uni_mark`) "
"VALUES (NULL, %s, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, %s, %s, %s, %s)"
)
result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (content, user, email, aid, hashlib.md5(
("%s----%s----%s----%s" % (str(content), str(user), str(email), str(aid))).encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()))
return False if result == False else True
def updateArticleWatched(self, wid):
update_stmt = (
"UPDATE `article` SET `watched`=`watched`+1 WHERE `aid` = %s"
)
return False if self.doAction(update_stmt, (wid)) == False else True
def getPicture(self, content):
resultList =[eve[1] for eve in re.findall('<img(.*?)src=https://www.cnblogs.com/serverlesscloud/p/"(.*?)"(.*?)>', content)]
return resultList[0] if resultList else self.getDefaultPic()
def getTag(self, tag):
search_stmt = (
"SELECT * FROM `tags` WHERE name=%s;"
)
result = self.doAction(search_stmt, (tag,))
return False if not result or result.rowcount == 0 else result.fetchone()['tid']
def addTag(self, tag):
insert_stmt = (
"INSERT INTO `tags` (`tid`, `name`, `remark`) "
"VALUES (NULL, %s, NULL)"
)
result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (tag))
return False if result == False else result.lastrowid
def addArticleTag(self, article, tag):
insert_stmt = (
"INSERT INTO `article_tags` (`atid`, `aid`, `tid`) "
"VALUES (NULL, %s, %s)"
)
result = self.doAction(insert_stmt, (article, tag))
return False if result == False else True
這里基本上是,這個專案需要的資料庫增刪改查的全部功能(admin 除外),在使用的時候,分為本地和線上:
try:
import returnCommon
from mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon
except:
import common.testCommon
common.testCommon.setEnv()
import common.returnCommon as returnCommon
from common.mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon
mysql = mysqlCommon()
通過 python 的例外,如果匯入沒找到,那就說明是本地測驗,如果 from mysqlCommon import mysqlCommon 找到了,那就說明是線上環境,除了資料庫的公共組件,我還有 returnCommon 等公共檔案,當然, 這些檔案,在使用的時候也需要打包進入,可以在 yaml 中增加 include,例如:
Blog_Web_addComment:
component: "@serverless/tencent-scf"
inputs:
name: Blog_Web_addComment
description: 添加評論
codeUri: ./cloudFunctions/addComment
handler: ${Conf.handler}
runtime: ${Conf.runtime}
region: ${Conf.region}
include:
- ${Conf.include_common}
功能展示
前臺功能
-
串列頁

-
內容頁

后臺功能
-
登錄功能

-
串列頁

-
表單頁

專案部署
- 配置
serverless.yaml:
# 函式們的整體配置資訊
Conf:
component: "serverless-global"
inputs:
region: ap-shanghai
runtime: Python3.6
handler: index.main_handler
include_common: ./common
blog_user: Dfounder
blog_email: [email protected]
website_title: Serverless Blog System
website_keywords: Serverless, Serverless Framework, Tencent Cloud, SCF
website_description: 一款基于騰訊云Serverless架構,并且采用Serverless Framework構建的Serverless博客系統,
website_bucket: serverless-blog-1256773370
mysql_host:
mysql_password:
mysql_port:
mysql_db:
admin_user: mytest
admin_password: mytest
除了上面的內容,還要看一下域名問題(例如 CosBucket):
# 網站
CosBucket:
component: '@serverless/tencent-website'
inputs:
code:
root: website/dist
src: ./
index: list.html
region: ${Conf.region}
bucketName: ${Conf.website_bucket}
hosts:
- host: 0duzhan.com
https:
certId: awPsOIHY
forceSwitch: -1
- host: www.0duzhan.com
https:
certId: awPsOIHY
forceSwitch: -1
env:
apiUrl: ${APIService.subDomain}
以及 API 網關內容:
# 創建 API 網關 Service
APIService:
component: "@serverless/tencent-apigateway"
inputs:
region: ${Conf.region}
customDomain:
- domain: api.0duzhan.com
isDefaultMapping: 'FALSE'
pathMappingSet:
- path: /
environment: release
protocols:
- http
protocols:
- http
- https
........
這兩部分域名可以修改成自己的,或者洗掉掉這兩個 key
- 執行
init.py:
這里要注意,我是在 macOS 下開發的,init.py 可以在 macOS/Linux 運行,Windows 用戶可能要適當修改一下,還有這里面需要一個依賴:pyyaml,需要自行安裝一下,
獲取Yaml資料: True
建立資料庫: True
建立資料庫: True
初始化HTML: True
- 部署資源,執行
serverless --debug
(venv) ServerlessBlog:ServerlessBlog dfounderliu$ sls --debug
DEBUG ─ Resolving the template's static variables.
DEBUG ─ Collecting components from the template.
DEBUG ─ Downloading any NPM components found in the template.
DEBUG ─ Analyzing the template's components dependencies.
DEBUG ─ Creating the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Syncing template state.
DEBUG ─ Executing the template's components graph.
DEBUG ─ Preparing website Tencent COS bucket serverless-blog-1256773370.
DEBUG ─ Starting API-Gateway deployment with name APIService in the ap-shanghai region
DEBUG ─ Using last time deploy service id service-23ybmuq7
DEBUG ─ Updating service with serviceId service-23ybmuq7.
DEBUG ─ Bucket "serverless-blog-1256773370" in the "ap-shanghai" region alrea
………………
-
path: /web/article/watched/update
method: POST
apiId: api-gnvnrbyk
-
path: /web/sentence/get
method: POST
apiId: api-msvadsau
-
path: /web/article/list/hot/get
method: POST
apiId: api-kfkrjhim
-
path: /web/tags/list/get
method: POST
apiId: api-avydagem
-
path: /admin
method: ANY
apiId: api-4tnz5tc4
176s ? APIService ? done
專案總結
傳統博客已經有很多了,無論是基于 PHP 的 zblog 還是 wp 等開源專案,都可以幫助我們快速搭建一個博客系統,除了這些博客系統之外,還有很多靜態博客系統,但是就目前而言,基于 Serverless 架構的博客系統還是比較少見的,
本文通過原生的 Serverless 專案開發與 Flask 框架的部署上 Serverless 實作了一個基于 Python 語言的博客系統,通過該博客系統,用戶可以發布文章,自動撰寫文章的關鍵詞和摘要,還可以進行留言評論的管理,當然,這個博客系統僅作為工程實踐使用,實際上還是有一些設計不合理的地方,但是我相信,隨著時間的發展,Serverless 架構越來越成熟,基于 Serverless 的開源 Blog 專案或 CMS 專案也會越來越多,期待那一天的到來!
Serverless Framework 30 天試用計劃
我們誠邀您來體驗最便捷的 Serverless 開發和部署方式,在試用期內,相關聯的產品及服務均提供免費資源和專業的技術支持,幫助您的業務快速、便捷地實作 Serverless!
詳情可查閱:Serverless Framework 試用計劃
One More Thing
3 秒你能做什么?喝一口水,看一封郵件,還是 —— 部署一個完整的 Serverless 應用?
復制鏈接至 PC 瀏覽器訪問:https://serverless.cloud.tencent.com/deploy/express
3 秒極速部署,立即體驗史上最快的 Serverless HTTP 實戰開發!
傳送門:
- GitHub: github.com/serverless
- 官網:serverless.com
歡迎訪問:Serverless 中文網,您可以在 最佳實踐 里體驗更多關于 Serverless 應用的開發!
推薦閱讀:《Serverless 架構:從原理、設計到專案實戰》
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