# 經濟學人精讀筆記12：網課有利于拉近師生關系？
標簽（空格分隔）： 經濟學人
Part 1
Remote learning
Getting to know your teacher
Education has been badly disrupted by covid-19. There are upsides
“Don’t delete your browser history,” Lin Kai warns his 11-year-old son, who is supposed to be live-streaming lectures delivered by his schoolteachers. Mr Lin has reason to be anxious. To curb the spread of covid-19, the authorities have closed schools and universities indefinitely. But “study must not stop”, says the education ministry. Under its orders, the country’s biggest exercise in remote learning is under way, watched over by parents. Mr Lin, who lives in the eastern city of Hangzhou, has caught his son being distracted by online games. He wants his son to know that he will inspect the browser for evidence of such naughtiness.
遠程學習
和你的老師增進了解
教育被疫情嚴重中斷 也不是沒有好的一面
“不要洗掉你的瀏覽器歷史記錄，”林凱警告他11歲的兒子，他學校的老師將以直播的形式授課，林先生的焦慮不是毫無根據，為了遏制疫情蔓延，當局無限期地關閉了所有學校，但教育部表示，"學習不能止步"，根據教育部下達的指示，中國最大規模的上網課活動正在進行，家長們也在一旁監督，家住杭州東部的林先生發現他的兒子因玩網路游戲分心了，他希望他的兒子知道他會檢查瀏覽器歷史記錄，找到他頑皮的證據，
- remote learning/education表示“遠程教育，在線教育”，
此外還有幾種“在線教育”的表達：
online education/learning
internet-based learning/education
distant learning/education
相反，我們在學校上課則稱為：
classroom-based education
bricks-and-mortar classrooms
physical classroom，【寫作優選】
【聯系記憶】可以與“網店”和“物體店”一同記憶
物體店：physical shops 或
bricks-and-mortar shops/ traditional shops
網店：online shops
這里單獨講一下 bricks-and-mortar這個詞：它是形容詞，指“物體的”(a bricks-and-mortar business is a traditional business that does not operate on the Internet)
其中brick本義指“磚頭”（可數名詞），mortar指“灰漿”（不可數名詞），由bricks和mortar筑成的就是建筑物，有建筑的也就是有物體的，比如： bricks-and-mortar colleges and universities 物體大學
再記憶一個“空殼公司”的說法：shell company,指一種已經開設的公司法人，有公司名字，但是還未有經營業務的公司，
The cash was funnelled through shell companies around the world.這筆資金通過全球各地的空殼公司流出，[經濟學人]
- get to know sb.了解某人，認識某人
Getting to know more about each other.增進對彼此的了解，[破產姐妹臺詞]
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be supposed to 應該，認為必須，被期望
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the upside(of sth.) 好的一面，積極的一面，反義詞downside
從積極的一面看on the upside或on the positive/bright/plus side，我們在進行利弊分析時便可以用到這一短語，比如Environmental pollution gives great cause for concern, but, on the positive side, people are beginning to try and find solutions. 環境污染的確令人擔憂，但從積極的一面看，人們開始在努力想辦法解決了，
相反地，“從消極的一面看”可以說 on the downside或 on the minus/negative/dark side【寫作優選】
- delete browser history 洗掉瀏覽記錄
browser n.瀏覽器，來自于動詞browse，指“在網上瀏覽”，我們平常說的“刷微博”“刷抖音”這個“刷”的動作就是browse，
Unlike users of Instagram,who mainly browse feeds of pictures posted by people they follow, Douyin’s fans commonly use the app to watch hot-trending videos posted by users they do not know under categories such as “food” and “scenic spots”.不同于 Instagram 中用戶主要瀏覽自己所關注的人發布的圖片，抖音的用戶會觀看他們未關注的用戶發布在“美食”和“景點”等類別下的熱門視頻，[經濟學人]
browse through sth指“隨意翻閱”，比如I found the article while I was browsing through some old magazines. 我在翻閱一些舊雜志時找到了這篇文章，
- live-streaming 指“視頻直播”，我們說的網路主播就是“live-streaming presenters”
再拓展幾個相關地道表達：
web celebrities 網紅
interact with followers 與粉絲互動
disseminate inappropriate content 散播不合適內容
- curb v.控制;限制,
寫作中可替換 control, limit，restrain 使用，比如curb one’s temper 控制脾氣，curb crime 控制犯罪，curb traffic 管控交通，curb greenhouse gas emissions 控制溫室氣體排放，
拓展一個很形象地表達“keep a lid on sth”也表示“限制”，lid指“瓶蓋”，keep a lid on sth把…的瓶蓋蓋緊，也就是“抑制，限制”
By stopping the government from overspending, the fiscal rule also helps keep a lid on inflation.通過阻止政府過度消費，財政規則也有助于抑制通脹，[經濟學人]
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indefinitely adv. 無限期地
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ministry n. （政府的）部門
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be under way 已經開始
Plans are well under way for a new shopping centre.建造一座新購物中心的計劃已經順利地在實施了，
The tournament got under way on Friday.錦標賽是星期五開始的，
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distracted adj. 心煩意亂的,慌張失措的,錯亂的
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inspect vt. 檢查；視察；檢閱
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naughtiness adj. 頑皮的; 不聽話的
Part 2
There are other ways to enforce discipline. Liu Weihua, who teaches at Wuhan University of Technology, cold-calls his students during live streams. With sit-down exams now impossible, his grading system places more emphasis on how students perform in classroom discussions, Mr Liu explains. These are conducted using video-conferencing platforms such as Dingtalk by Alibaba, a tech giant, and Ke tang by Tencent, a competitor.
還有其他方法來加強紀律，在武漢理工大學任教的劉偉華在直播中冷不防地給學生打電話，劉先生解釋道，由于現在不可能讓學生坐在教室里進行考試，所以他的評分標準更看重學生在課堂上討論的表現，網課在視頻會議平臺上進行，如科技巨頭阿里巴巴的釘釘和其競品騰訊旗下的“課堂”，
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enforce vt. 實施, 執行
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discipline n. 訓練, 鍛煉, 訓導,紀律
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cold-call 指的是“冷不防的陌生來電”，我們平常接到的寬帶、保險的推銷電話都可以叫cold call
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sit-down exams 坐在課桌前考試，也可以說是正式考試
sit-down 在這里是形容詞，表示“坐在桌子前的，正式的”，比如電影《怦然心動》有一幕是男主媽媽打算邀請女主一家來家里吃晚餐，她說It’s going to be a sit-down dinner. I want everyone to dress accordingly. 這將是一個正式的晚宴，我希望所有人都能穿得正式一些，
這里的sit-down指大家都要穿戴得體板板正正的坐在餐桌前享用晚餐，相對的是吃燒烤或者開party大家可以拿著香檳或者盤子走來走去，不是正式的場合，
- conducted vt. 管理；表現；引導，進行
Part 3
The disruption is felt most keenly by pupils in the final year of secondary school. That is the year leading up to the gaokao, the notoriously hard university-entrance exam. Many parents fret that online learning is a poor substitute for classroom instruction. Hou Kaixuan, who will sit the gaokao in the northern city of Zhangjiakou this summer, eagerly awaits the re-opening of his school. “I’m simply more productive in a physical classroom,” he says.
高中生收到的沖擊最為嚴重，因為他們今年高考，高三正是艱苦備考的時候，許多家長擔心網課和課堂教學的質量相差甚遠，今年夏天將參加北方城市張家口高考的侯凱旋，急切地等待著學校重新開學，“我在教室上課的時候學習效率更高”他說，
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disruption n. 中斷,分裂,瓦解,破壞
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keenly adv. 敏銳地；敏感地；銳利地;強烈地
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sth. feel most keenly by sb. 某人最清楚的感覺到某事，對某事的感覺最為強烈
Startups looking for early-stage investment have felt the capital winter most keenly.尋求早期投資的創業公司對資本寒冬的感受最為強烈，[經濟學人]
keenly相當于strongly，指“猛烈地，強烈地”，來自于形容詞keen, 短語be keen on sth，表示“喜愛，滿懷熱情”，相當于like sth a lot, be enthusiastic about sth，
記一個外刊愛用詞組：bear/take the brunt of 承受住某事的主要壓力；首當其沖，也可以用來形容本次疫情給教育帶來的影響，比如：Schools bore the brunt of the covid-19 outbreak. 疫情爆發，學校首當其沖受到影響，
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pupils n. 瞳孔；學生
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lead up to sth The period of time leading up to an event is the period of time immediately before it happens. 時間臨近，緊挨在…之前【寫作優選】可以用來替換“before”
比如：圣誕節前的幾個星期the weeks before Christmas可以改寫成 the weeks leading up to Christmas
所以寫作中提到“高三”就可以用the year leading up to the gaokao來替代【寫作優選】
in the lead-up/run-up to sth 在…的前夕，在…準備階段 the lead-up to the election大選的準備作業 The company believes the products will sell well in the run-up to Christmas.公司相信在圣誕節前這些產品的銷路會不錯，
- notorious [n? ??t??ri?s] adj. famous or well-known for something bad臭名昭著的，聲名狼藉的=infamous
notorious cases of human rights abuses臭名昭著的踐踏人權案
notoriously adv.
- fret [fret] v. ~ about / over sth
煩惱；發愁，寫作中可用來替換掉worry about sth【寫作優選】
Newspapers fretted that people would splurge their pensions on Lamborghinis.媒體擔心人們會揮霍養老金來買蘭博基尼跑車， [經濟學人.Banking and the elderly]
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substitute vt. & vi. 代替, 替換, 代用
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A is a poor substitute for B
表示“A不如B”，【寫作優選】
《紐約時報》一篇關于電子商務與物體店的文章提到：The fallacy that e-commerce is a poor substitute for real shops has long been forgotten.電子商務不如物體店的謬論早已被遺忘，
When it comes to mass destruction, a disease is a poor substitute for a nuke.疾病在大規模殺傷方面很難匹敵核武器，[經濟學人]
A is a far cry from B，同樣表示“ A 不如 B ”
比如《經濟學人》一篇關于英國脫歐的文章提到:This contemporary Britain is fractured and intolerant, a far cry from the “cohesive, united, consensual place” that Benjamin remembers from his childhood. 當代的英國支離破碎，缺乏寬容，與本杰明兒時記憶中的“充滿凝聚力、團結和共識之地”相去甚遠，
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instruction 講授, 指導, 教學
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productive adj.有效益的；富有成效的
Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. 創新的確會讓一些作業消失，但是隨著生產力的提高、社會財富的增加以及富裕起來的人們對獲得更多商品和服務的要求的增加，創新也能帶來新的而且是更好的作業，[經濟學人]
同樣含義的形容詞還有：fruitful，比如：a fruitful collaboration/discussion 富有成效的合作 / 討論
sth is counterproductive 適得其反
【記憶方法】前綴 counter-表示“反”，productive 表示“有效果的”，連起來 counterproductive 表示產生相反效果，適得其反，
Mr. Lavrov called the step counterproductive and said it would cause tensions.拉夫羅夫稱此舉只會事與愿違，稱還會導致緊張局面，[BBC]
Part 4
Not all his classmates agree. Kaixuan observes that some of them study just as hard at home as in school, and take perverse pleasure in the fact that others must be slacking off.
When schools and universities eventually re-open, classrooms may be different, says Mr Yue, the teacher in Beijing. The teacher-student relationship will become “less hierarchical”, he predicts. That is because China’s prolonged experiment with online learning is reducing the typical reserve between instructor and pupil. Teachers who were previously reluctant to give out their contact details on WeChat, a messaging app, now rely on it to respond to students’ queries. At Mr Yue’s school, students may even call their teachers to ask for feedback. If he is right, such a breaking-down of barriers could be one of the few happy byproducts of the epidemic.
不是所有同學看法都和他一樣，侯凱旋觀察到，他們中的一些人在家里學習和在學校一樣刻苦學習，并且反而因為其他人懶散而竊喜，
北京的老師岳先生說，當學校最終重新開學時，可能會有很大變化，他預測，師生關系將變得”不那么等級化"，這是因為中國長期進行的在線學習正在淡化教師和學生之間一直以來的疏遠關系，以前不愿意在微信（一個通訊應用程式）上透露他們的聯系方式的教師現在依靠它來回應學生的詢問，在岳先生的學校里，學生甚至可以給老師打電話來詢問反饋，如果他是對的，這種師生交流障礙的突破可能是此次疫情為數不多的令人開心的副產品之一，
- perverse adj.有悖常理的，違反常情的 pervert n.變態
take perverse pleasure in 反而為…而高興，反倒以…為樂
He seems to take a perverse pleasure in upsetting people.他有一種反常的心態，惹人煩卻以此為樂，
She finds a perverse pleasure in upsetting her parents.她以讓父母擔驚受怕為樂，
- slack off 懈怠，懶散
Don't slack off in your studies.不要荒費學業，
You slacked off and took the easy way out.你絕對是偷懶了，[馬男波杰克臺詞]
- hierarchical adj./ha??’rɑ?k?k(?)l/分等級的
Instead of a little man, what if the brain was a hierarchical system?在他看來，如果大腦不是一個侏儒，而是一個分級系統，情況會如何呢？[經濟學人]
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prolonged adj. 持續很久的,長時間的
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reserve n.寡言;矜持;內斂(If someone shows reserve, they keep their feelings hidden.)
His natural reserve made him appear self-conscious.他天生的內斂性格讓他顯得有些拘謹，
- be reluctant to do sth 表示“不情愿做某事”，相當于 be unwilling to do sth, be hesitant to do sth
Similarly, executives in some countries can be reluctant to accept women as business leaders. 同樣，一些國家的高管可能不愿意接受女性成為企業領導者，[金融時報]
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give out 公布; 宣布
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byproducts n. 副產品
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epidemic n. 流行病；傳染病；風尚等的流行
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