經濟學人精讀筆記13：火鍋，中國人的最愛

標簽（空格分隔）： 經濟學人

Part 1

Regional cuisine

But Sichuan-style broths are the most commonly savoured in China. In recent years their popularity has been booming. China has around 350,000 hotpot restaurants. About 40,000 of them are said to be in the Chongqing region alone.

地方菜
但川味火鍋湯在中國最受歡迎，近年來，受歡迎程度一再躍升，中國大約有35萬家火鍋店，僅重慶地區就有4萬家火鍋店，

• broth n. thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water （加入蔬菜的）肉湯，魚湯 chicken broth 雞湯

• savour [sā?v?r] v.If you savour an experience, you enjoy it as much as you can.盡情享受；充分體驗There's something about the Loire Valley that makes you want to savour every moment. 盧瓦爾山谷有某種特殊氣息，讓人想要充分享受在這里的每時每刻，我們可以在寫作中替換enjoy【寫作推薦】

【句子分析】In recent years their popularity has been booming.

①popularity n.流行，普及，受歡迎；聲望
gain / grow / increase in popularity 開始流行 Country music is growing in popularity.鄉村音樂越來越流行了，
popular adj.受喜愛的；受歡迎的；當紅的

②boom [bu?m] 常用于指經濟活動的迅速發展或繁榮，比如boom in tourism旅游業的繁榮，a boom in car sales 汽車銷售額的巨增
boom 也可以作動詞，比如經濟很繁榮，我們可以說The economy is booming，銷售額在快速增長，我們可以說Sales are booming.
形容詞booming也是外刊中的高頻詞，比如云南的旅游產業在蓬勃發展，Yunnan has a booming tourist industry.

③【語法點睛】have/has been doing 現在完成進行時：是英語中動詞的一種基本時態，表示動作從某一時間開始，一直持續到現在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續下去，I have been learning English since three years ago.三年以來我一直在學英語，（動作還將繼續下去）

• hotpot n.火鍋
  【相關拓展】中國的八大菜系用英文怎么說，有什么規律呢？
  魯菜 Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)
  川菜 Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)
  粵菜 Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)
  閩菜 Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)
  蘇菜 Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)
  浙菜 Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)
  湘菜 Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)
  徽菜 Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)

我們可以觀察到，每一種菜系有兩種翻譯：一是音譯地名簡稱+Cuisine，比如Lu Cuisine，二是音譯地名全稱+Cuisine，比如：Shandong Cuisine
cuisine是名詞指“(一國或一地區的)菜肴，風味.”，比如上海菜我們說 Shanghai cuisine

• sb/sth be said to be/do ... 據說…，人們認為…，由It is said that sb/sth do...轉化而來的.
  除了said，這個句型還可以使用reported / belived / supposed等動詞，意思是“據報導…；人們相信…；大家認為…”，
  It is said to be the most wonderful one this year. 據說是今年最精彩的一場，【寫作推薦】

• alone 不僅可以放在動詞后修飾動詞，還可以用于名詞或代詞后表示“唯一，只有” You can't blame anyone else; you alone made the decision. 你不能責怪任何人，是你一人做的決定；
  alone還可以表示“僅僅，單，只”The shoes alone cost ￡200. 僅鞋子一項就花了 200 英鎊
  大家在寫作中也可以活用alone這個地道小詞來表示強調，

再拓展一個alone有關的地道表達：let alone used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either更不用說
There isn't enough room for us, let alone any guests.連我們都沒有足夠的空間，更不用說客人了，【寫作推薦】

Part 2

Hotpot restaurants in China are more profitable than other kinds, according to iiMedia, a consultancy. Haidilao, a well-known Sichuan-based hotpot chain, raised nearly $1bn when it was listed on the Hong Kong exchange in September. The company is taking its hotpot global. It expanded into Canada in December. Branches are set to open in London later this year. The more adventurous tastes of younger Chinese are fuelling demand.

根據咨詢公司iiMedia的資料，在中國，火鍋店比其他型別的餐飲店利潤更高，總部位于四川的知名火鍋連鎖企業海底撈去年9月在香港交易所上市時籌資近10億美元，海底撈正將火鍋帶向全世界，去年12月，海底撈在加拿大開了第一家分店，今年晚些時候還將在倫敦開分店，中國年輕人敢于嘗試新口味，這刺激了火鍋需求的增加，

• profitable adj.A profitable organization or practice makes a profit. 盈利的；有利潤的；賺錢的 It was profitable for them to produce large amounts of food. 生產大量的食物能讓他們獲利，

profitability n.獲利，盈利; 利潤
a decline in company profitability 公司利潤的下降
【類似表達】profit-making 也是形容詞“盈利的”

lucrative [?lu?.kr?.t?v] adj.獲利多的；賺大錢的
lucrative business / contract / market 利潤豐厚的生意 / 合同 / 市場

【Antonym】loss-making adj.a loss-making product or business does not make any money不盈利的，虧損的= non-profitable
consultancy 咨詢公司；咨詢服務，專家咨詢 a management consultancy from Switzerland. 來自瑞士的管理咨詢公司

• xx-based 與表示地點的名詞連用表示“總部設在…的”，“以…為基地的”
  a Washington-based organization 總部設在華盛頓的機構
  American-based companies 總部設在美國的公司

• listed adj.a listed company is one which offers its shares for sale on the stock exchange (公司)上市的
  【“上市”的相關表達】

public adj.有股上市的：由可在自由市場上交易的股份提供資金的 a public company 有股上市的公司

go public 公開發售股票：通過把股票投入公開市場而使…成為公眾所擁有：The company went public after having been closely held for 12 years.這個公司在被緊密地控制了十二年之后，終于公開召股了，

float v.使(公司)發行股票；使上市
He floated his firm on the stock market. 他讓自己的公司上市了，
【文化拓展】IPO initial public offering（公司股票的）首次公開發行，上市是指一家企業或公司（股份有限公司）第一次將它的股份向公眾出售（首次公開發行，指股份公司首次向社會公眾公開招股的發行方式），

• exchange n. A place where things are exchanged, especially a center where securities or commodities are bought and sold 交易所：交換物資的地方，特別是債券和商品的買賣中心【熟詞僻義】
  a stock exchange 證券交易所

• adventurous [?d?vent??r?s] adj.Someone who is adventurous is willing to take risks and to try new methods. Something that is adventurous involves new things or ideas. 勇于冒險的；敢于創新的；新奇的 The menu could have been more adventurous. 選單本可以做得更有新意，

• fuel 作名詞是“燃料”的意思，那么添加燃料就是使火焰更旺，所以作動詞引申為“to increase sth; to make sth stronger 增加；加強；刺激”【寫作推薦】

to fuel speculation/ rumours/ fears 引起猜測/謠傳/恐懼
Fueling the citification of Indiana has been an expanding, remarkably diversified manufacturing and service company. 印地安那州極其多樣化的制造業和服務業的不斷擴大, 加速了該州城市化的行程.

the rocket fuel 指的是“火箭燃料”，可以用來比喻某事的強力助推

rocket-fuelled adj. [only before noun] happening, moving or increasing very fast 急劇發生的；急速移動的；飛漲的 There are already signs of rocket-fuelled growth. 已經出現迅猛增長的跡象，

-Branches n. 分部；

Part 3

One-third of customers at hotpot restaurants in China are aged between 25 and 30, iiMedia says. They often have little time to cook at home and are unburdened by child-care duties. They like the social aspects of sharing hotpots. Round-the-clock restaurants are sprouting up to allow leisurely feasting.

iiMedia表示，中國火鍋店三分之一的顧客年齡在25歲至30歲之間，這些顧客通常很少在家里做飯，也沒有照顧孩子的重擔，他們喜歡一起吃火鍋的社交功能，24小時營業的餐館如雨后春筍般涌現出來，人們可以悠閑地享用美食，

• aged adj.…歲的Alan has two children, aged eleven and nine.艾倫有兩個孩子，分別為11歲和9歲，
  【相關拓展】我們來學習幾種“年齡”的表達：
  1.aged ：a woman aged about 30 一個大約三十歲的婦女
  2.at the age of…: people at the age of 65六十五歲的人
  3.at…years of age : people at 65 years of age六十五歲的人
  4.at age ... : people at age 65六十五歲的人
  5.at … years old: people at 65 years old六十五歲的人
  6.at…: people at 65六十五歲的人
  7.…-year-olds:20-year-olds 20歲的人

• 【復習】 unburdened adj. 無牽累的；不受累的
  I want therefore to set man free, rejoicing as the bird in the clear sky, unburdened/burdenless, independent, and ecstatic in that freedom. 所以，我想使人自由，像晴空中的小鳥一樣歡欣，在那自由中輕松、獨立、欣喜，
  unencumbered adj.沒有阻礙的, 不受妨礙的, 沒有負擔的, 沒有家累的, 沒有子女的，

• aspects n.An aspect of something is one of the parts of its character or nature. 方面；形態；特性
  Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives. 氣候和天氣影響著我們生活的方方面面，

• round-the-clock adj.全天的, 全天候的；連續不停的, 日夜24小時 Round - the - clock service features this store. 日夜服務是這家商店的特色，
  round-the-world adj.環球的，環游世界的 Parts for the aircraft will be made all round the world. 這架飛機的部件將在世界各地制造，

• sprout [spra?t] v.to produce leaves, hair and other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair and other developing parts) to begin to grow 發（芽），抽（芽）；長出（毛發等）；（葉、毛發等）生長
  It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout.這些種子大概要三天時間才會發芽，

sprout up 涌現；突然出現
New factories have sprouted up everywhere.新工廠如雨后春筍般地四處涌現，【寫作推薦】

• leisurely 既是形容詞，也是副詞
  adj.悠閑的；從容的；慢悠悠的
  Lunch was a leisurely affair. 午飯吃得很悠閑，
  adv. 以不慌不忙的方式地，從容不迫地
  We walked leisurely into the hotel. 我們慢悠悠地走回酒店

• feasting n. eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment) 宴會，盛宴 The feasting, drinking, dancing and revelry continued for several days. 一連幾天都是宴會、痛飲、舞蹈和狂歡，

Part 4

While younger Chinese are increasingly health-conscious, they seem to brush off regular hotpot-hygiene scandals. A viral video of a pregnant woman fishing a rat from her broth caused a cooling in the shares of Xiabuxiabu, a chain restaurant named after a Japanese style of hotpot, but they heated up again a few days later. Haidilao even won plaudits when it admitted that rats had been found in some kitchens and vowed to clean up its act. News of other businesses reusing weeks-old oil in the broth is greeted with a shrug.

中國的年輕人雖然越來越注重健康，但似乎對火鍋衛生丑聞不以為意，呷哺呷哺是一家以日式火鍋命名的連鎖餐廳，近日，一段很火的視頻中，一名孕婦在呷哺呷哺的火鍋里夾出一只老鼠，此事導致呷哺呷哺股票大幅下跌，但幾天后，股價再次回升，海底撈甚至承認在某些店的廚房里發現了老鼠，并承諾要整頓自己的行為，此舉贏得稱贊，有訊息稱，其他火鍋店在湯里重復使用了幾周的老油，人們對此只是聳聳肩，

• increasingly adv. more and more all the time 越來越多地；不斷增加地，
  常與形容詞連用，可以應用到寫作和翻譯中，increasingly difficult/important/popular 越來越困難/重要/普及
  It is becoming increasingly clear that this problem will not be easily solved. 越來越明顯的是，這個問題不會輕易解決，【寫作推薦】

• -conscious用于health, environmentally，fashion, politically，等詞后構成形容詞)表示“注重…的”，“關注…的”
  We're all becoming increasingly health-conscious these days.如今，我們都越來越注重健康，
  environmentally-conscious 關注環境的
  fashion-conscious 對流行敏感的

• brush sb/sth off v.If someone brushes you off when you speak to them, they refuse to talk to you or be nice to you. 不理睬, 冷落, 對…視而不見

When I tried to talk to her about it she just brushed me off.當我試圖和她談這件事時，她就是不理我，

give sb the brush-off 拒絕某人，對…不理睬
Paul asked Tara out to dinner but she gave him the brush-off.保羅邀請塔拉外出吃飯，但遭到拒絕，

• hygiene [?ha?d?i:n] n. the practice of keeping yourself and your living and working areas clean in order to prevent illness and disease 衛生
  food hygiene食物衛生/personal hygiene 個人衛生

• scandal [?sk?ndl] n. A scandal is a situation or event that is thought to be shocking and immoral and that everyone knows about.丑行，丑聞；流言蜚語，關于丑聞的傳言，謠言
  一般我們在新聞中聽到的丑聞事件，都可以用scandal一次來形容，比如美國著名的“水門事件water gate scandal”，

• viral adj. A viral disease or infection is caused by a virus. 病毒性的；病毒引起的
  A 65-year-old patient suffering from severe viral pneumonia.感染了嚴重病毒性肺炎的65歲病人，
  viral 在文章中的意思引申為“火爆的，流行的”，是指像病毒一樣傳播、流行開來的意思，virus是它的名詞形式，表示“病毒”，

• pregnant [?pregn?nt] adj.If a woman or female animal is pregnant, she has a baby or babies developing in her body. 懷孕的；妊娠的
  Tina was pregnant with their first daughter.蒂娜懷了他們的第一個女兒，

• fish v.If you fish something out from somewhere, you take or pull it out, often after searching for it for some time. (從…中)取出，拿出，拖出【熟詞僻義】
  Kelly fished out another beer from his cooler.凱莉從他的冷藏箱里又拿出一瓶啤酒，

• sth caused a cooling in …使某事熱度下降、進入低迷期 The new housing policy that restricts house purchases have caused a cooling in real estate market. 新的房產限購政策出臺，房地產市場也隨之冷靜下來，【寫作推薦】

• broth n. 肉湯；

• heat up 激化；加劇；變得激烈或熱烈 Then in the last couple of years, the movement for democracy began to heat up.然后在過去幾年里，民主運動開始升溫，

• plaudit [?pl??dit]n.拍手喝彩, 稱贊, 贊美

receive/ earn/ win plaudit 獲得贊揚
The quality of his photography won him plaudits from the experts.他的攝影作品品質很高，贏得了專家的贊揚，【寫作推薦】

sb. speak highly of sth. 某人對某事高度評價/贊揚
Many business people speak highly of your commercial integrity. 很多商界人士對貴公司的商業信譽評價極高.

【同義詞】praise/ acclaim/ commend/ extol/ laud這些動詞表達贊同或敬慕，

1. praise 是指表達贊同、贊揚或敬重：“I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him” (Shakespeare). “我來是為了埋葬凱撒而不是贊頌他”（莎士比亞）
   2.acclaim 常表示公開且熱情地表達出來的衷心贊美：
   The restoration of the frescoes is being widely but not universally acclaimed by art historians.壁畫的修復在藝術史學家那里得到了廣泛但非一致的稱頌，
2. commend 表示類似于上級所給予的溫和而有節制的贊揚：The judge commended the jury for their patience and hard work. 法官贊揚了陪審團耐心及辛勤的作業，
3. extol 指高度贊揚；該詞表達了一種贊揚和贊頌的意思：“that sign of old age,extolling the past at the expense of the present” (Sydney Smith).“那年邁的標記以現時為代價頌揚了過去”（西德尼·史密斯），
4. laud意指尊敬或崇高的或常為過度的贊美：“aspirations which are lauded up to the skies” (Charles Kingsley).“被吹捧上天的宏愿”（查爾斯·金斯利）

• vow v.If you vow to do something, you make a serious promise or decision that you will do it. 發誓；起誓；立誓

vow to do sth發誓做某事
While many models vow to go back to college, few do.很多模特發誓要重回大學校園，但很少有人做到，

• clean up本意是“打掃；清掃；把…弄干凈”，文中的意思是“ (警方或當局)肅清，整肅(犯罪、腐敗等)”可以應用到寫作中，After years of neglect and decline the city was cleaning itself up. 多年的玩忽職守和經濟蕭條過后，這個城市在進行自我整頓，【寫作推薦】

• xx days/weeks/months/years old xx天/周/月/年大的

• reusing n. 再用, 重新使用

• be greeted with … 對…作出反應；回應
  The European Court's decision has been greeted with dismay by fishermen. 漁民對歐洲法庭的裁決感到失望，

• greet sth with sth 對…報以…
  greet a joke with laughter對笑話報以笑聲
  is greeted with a shrug 人們對此聳聳肩，也就是 “不以為然，無所謂”的意思

• shrug vt. & vi. 聳肩(以表示冷淡, 懷疑等)

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