題目:輸入某二叉樹的前序遍歷和中序遍歷的結果,請重建該二叉樹,假設輸入的前序遍歷和中序遍歷的結果中都不含重復的數字,例如,輸入前序遍歷序列{1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8}和中序遍歷序列{4, 7, 2, 1, 5 3, 8, 6},則重建如下圖所示的二叉樹并輸出它的頭結點,二叉樹的節點的定義如下:
struct BinaryTreeNode{
int m_nValue;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pRight;
};
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / / \
// 4 5 6
// \ /
// 7 8
測驗用例:
- 普通二叉樹(完全二叉樹,不完全二叉樹),
- 特殊二叉樹(所有節點都沒有右子節點的二叉樹;所有節點都沒有左子節點的二叉樹;只有一個節點的二叉樹),
- 特殊的輸入測驗(二叉樹的根節點指標為nullptr;輸入的前序遍歷序列和中序遍歷序列不匹配),
測驗代碼:
void Test(char* testName, int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
if(testName != nullptr)
printf("%s begins:\n", testName);
printf("The preorder sequence is: ");
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++ i)
printf("%d ", preorder[i]);
printf("\n");
printf("The inorder sequence is: ");
for(int i = 0; i < length; ++ i)
printf("%d ", inorder[i]);
printf("\n");
try
{
BinaryTreeNode* root = Construct(preorder, inorder, length);
PrintTree(root);
DestroyTree(root);
}
catch(std::exception& exception)
{
printf("Invalid Input.\n");
}
}
// 普通二叉樹
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / / \
// 4 5 6
// \ /
// 7 8
void Test1()
{
const int length = 8;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 7, 3, 5, 6, 8};
int inorder[length] = {4, 7, 2, 1, 5, 3, 8, 6};
Test("Test1", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有結點都沒有右子結點
// 1
// /
// 2
// /
// 3
// /
// 4
// /
// 5
void Test2()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
Test("Test2", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 所有結點都沒有左子結點
// 1
// \
// 2
// \
// 3
// \
// 4
// \
// 5
void Test3()
{
const int length = 5;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int inorder[length] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Test("Test3", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 樹中只有一個結點
void Test4()
{
const int length = 1;
int preorder[length] = {1};
int inorder[length] = {1};
Test("Test4", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 完全二叉樹
// 1
// / \
// 2 3
// / \ / \
// 4 5 6 7
void Test5()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test5", preorder, inorder, length);
}
// 輸入空指標
void Test6()
{
Test("Test6", nullptr, nullptr, 0);
}
// 輸入的兩個序列不匹配
void Test7()
{
const int length = 7;
int preorder[length] = {1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6, 7};
int inorder[length] = {4, 2, 8, 1, 6, 3, 7};
Test("Test7: for unmatched input", preorder, inorder, length);
}
本題考點:
- 考查應聘者對二叉樹的前序遍歷和中序遍歷的理解程度,只有對二叉樹的不同遍歷演算法有了深刻的理解,應聘者才有可能在遍歷序列中劃分出左、右子樹對應的子序列,
- 考查應聘者分析復雜問題的能力,我們把構建二叉樹的大問題分解成構建左、右子樹的兩個小問題,我們發現小問題和大問題在本質上是一致的,因此可以用遞回的方式解決,
實作代碼:
/*********************************BinaryTree.h************************************/
struct BinaryTreeNode
{
int m_nValue;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode* m_pRight;
};
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value);
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight);
void PrintTreeNode(const BinaryTreeNode* pNode);
void PrintTree(const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot);
/*********************************BinaryTree.cpp************************************/
#include <cstdio>
#include "BinaryTree.h"
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(int value)
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
pNode->m_nValue = https://www.cnblogs.com/tangliang39/p/value;
pNode->m_pLeft = nullptr;
pNode->m_pRight = nullptr;
return pNode;
}
void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
if(pParent != nullptr)
{
pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
}
}
void PrintTreeNode(const BinaryTreeNode* pNode)
{
if(pNode != nullptr)
{
printf("value of this node is: %d\n", pNode->m_nValue);
if(pNode->m_pLeft != nullptr)
printf("value of its left child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pLeft->m_nValue);
else
printf("left child is nullptr.\n");
if(pNode->m_pRight != nullptr)
printf("value of its right child is: %d.\n", pNode->m_pRight->m_nValue);
else
printf("right child is nullptr.\n");
}
else
{
printf("this node is nullptr.\n");
}
printf("\n");
}
void PrintTree(const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
PrintTreeNode(pRoot);
if(pRoot != nullptr)
{
if(pRoot->m_pLeft != nullptr)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pLeft);
if(pRoot->m_pRight != nullptr)
PrintTree(pRoot->m_pRight);
}
}
void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
if(pRoot != nullptr)
{
BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;
delete pRoot;
pRoot = nullptr;
DestroyTree(pLeft);
DestroyTree(pRight);
}
}
/*********************************ConstructBinaryTree.cpp************************************/
#include "..\Utilities\BinaryTree.h"
#include <exception>
#include <cstdio>
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore(int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder, int* startInorder, int* endInorder);
BinaryTreeNode* Construct(int* preorder, int* inorder, int length)
{
if(preorder == nullptr || inorder == nullptr || length <= 0)
return nullptr;
return ConstructCore(preorder, preorder + length - 1,
inorder, inorder + length - 1);
}
BinaryTreeNode* ConstructCore
(
int* startPreorder, int* endPreorder,
int* startInorder, int* endInorder
)
{
// 前序遍歷序列的第一個數字是根結點的值
int rootValue = https://www.cnblogs.com/tangliang39/p/startPreorder[0];
BinaryTreeNode* root = new BinaryTreeNode();
root->m_nValue = rootValue;
root->m_pLeft = root->m_pRight = nullptr;
if(startPreorder == endPreorder)
{
if(startInorder == endInorder && *startPreorder == *startInorder)
return root;
else
throw std::exception("Invalid input.");
}
// 在中序遍歷中找到根結點的值
int* rootInorder = startInorder;
while(rootInorder <= endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
++ rootInorder;
if(rootInorder == endInorder && *rootInorder != rootValue)
throw std::exception("Invalid input.");
int leftLength = rootInorder - startInorder;
int* leftPreorderEnd = startPreorder + leftLength;
if(leftLength > 0)
{
// 構建左子樹
root->m_pLeft = ConstructCore(startPreorder + 1, leftPreorderEnd,
startInorder, rootInorder - 1);
}
if(leftLength < endPreorder - startPreorder)
{
// 構建右子樹
root->m_pRight = ConstructCore(leftPreorderEnd + 1, endPreorder,
rootInorder + 1, endInorder);
}
return root;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Test1();
Test2();
Test3();
Test4();
Test5();
Test6();
Test7();
int a;
scanf("%d", &a);
return 0;
}
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