openstack深入學習
一、OpenStack云計算的介紹
（一）云計算的服務型別
IAAS：基礎設施即服務，如：云主機；
PAAS:平臺即服務，如：docker；
SAAS:軟體即服務，如：購買企業郵箱，CDN；
| 傳統IT | IAAS | PAAS | SAAS |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1應用 | 你管理 | 你管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 2資料 | 你管理 | 你管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 3運行時 | 你管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 4中間件 | 你管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 5作業系統 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 6虛擬化 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 7服務器 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 8存盤 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
| 9網路 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 | 服務上管理 |
（二）openstack定義及組件
? 是開源的云計算管理平臺專案，通過各種互補的服務提供了基礎設施即服務（IAAS）的解決方案，每個服務提供API以進行集成，
? OpenStack的每個主版本系列以字母表順序（A~Z）命名，以年份及當年內的排序做版本號，從第一版的Austin（2010.1）到目前最新的穩定版Rocky（2018.8），共經歷了18個主版本，第19版的Stein仍在開發中，版本發布策略：幾乎是每半年發布一個新版本openstack官方檔案地址https://docs.openstack.org
1、OpenStack的架構圖：
openstack架構模塊中文含義：
? horizon：UI界面；Neutron：網路；clinder：硬碟；nova：計算；Glance：鏡像；VM:虛擬機；keystone：授權；cellometer：監控；swift：校驗；heat：編排
2、openst核心組件含義及作用：
①計算：Nova
? 一套控制器，用于為單個用戶或使用群組管理虛擬機實體的整個生命周期，負責虛擬機創建、開機、關機、掛起、暫停、調整、遷移、重啟、銷毀等操作，
②鏡像服務：Glance
? 一套虛擬機鏡像查找及檢索，支持多種虛擬機鏡像格式（AKI,AMI,ARI,ISO,QCOW2,RAW,VMDK）,有創建上傳鏡像、洗掉鏡像、編輯鏡像基本資訊的功能，
③身份服務：keystone
? 為openstack其他服務提供身份驗證、服務規則和服務令牌功能，管理Domains,Projects,Users,Groups,Roles.
④網路&地址管理：Neutron
? 提供云計算的網路虛擬化技術，為OpenStack其他服務提供網路連接服務，為用戶提供介面，可以定義Network、Subnet、Router，配置DHCP、DNS、負載均衡、L3服務，網路支持GRE、VLAN，
⑤塊存盤：Cinder
? 為運行實體提供穩定的資料塊存盤服務，它的插件驅動架構有利于塊設備的創建和管理，如創建卷、洗掉卷，在實體上掛載和卸載卷，
⑥UI界面：Horizon
? OpenStack中各種服務的Web管理門戶，用于簡化用戶對服務的操作，例如：啟動實體、分配IP地址、配置訪問控制等，
3、soa架構介紹
? soa（拆業務）千萬用戶同時訪問，每個網頁都是一個集群，
首頁 www.jd.com/index.html（5張,nginx+php+mysql)
秒殺 miaosha.jd.com/index.html（15張, nginx+php+mysql ）
優惠卷 juan.jd.com/index.html （15張, nginx+php+mysql ）
會員 plus.jd.com/index.html（15張, nginx+php+mysql ）
登錄 login.jd.com/index.html（15張, nginx+php+mysql ）
二、OpenStack基礎服務的安裝
（一）hosts檔案配置
控制節點和計算節點
[root@computer1 /]# cat /etc/hosts
10.0.0.11 controller
10.0.0.31 computer1
10.0.0.32 computer2
[root@computer1 /]#
（二）yum源配置
控制節點和計算節點：
[root@computer1 etc]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
[root@computer1 etc]# cat /etc/rc.local
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
[root@computer1 etc]# chom +x /etc/rc.local
將資料包里的openstack的rpm上傳至/opt,并解壓
[root@computer1 opt]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
[openstack]
name=openstack
baseurl=file:///opt/repo
gpgcheck=0
[root@controller /]# yum makecache
（三）安裝時間同步（chrony）
控制節點：
[root@controller /]# yum install chrony -y
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
allow 10.0.0.0/24
計算節點：
[root@computer1 /]# yum install chrony -y
[root@computer1 /]# vim /etc/chrony.conf
server 10.0.0.11 iburst
控制節點和計算節點：
[root@computer1 /]# systemctl restart chronyd.service
（四）安裝openstack客戶端和selinux
控制節點和計算節點
[root@computer1 /]# yum install python-openstackclient.noarch openstack-selinux.noarch
（五）安裝配置mariadb
僅僅控制節點
[root@controller /]# yum install mariadb mariadb-server.x86_64 python2-PyMySQL.noarch
[root@controller /]# cat >> /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf << EOF
> [mysqld]
> bind-address = 10.0.0.11
> default-storage-engine = innodb
> innodb_file_per_table
> max_connections = 4096
> collation-server = utf8_general_ci
> character-set-server = utf8
> EOF
[root@controller /]#
[root@controller /]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl status mariadb.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable mariadb
mysql優化配置：
[root@controller /]# mysql_secure_installation
（六）安裝rabbitmq并創建用戶
(僅僅控制節點)
[root@controller /]# yum install rabbitmq-server.noarch -y
[root@controller /]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl status rabbitmq-server.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
[root@controller /]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
[root@controller /]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack RABBIT_PASS
Creating user "openstack" ...
[root@controller /]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" ...
[root@controller /]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
（七）安裝快取memcached
（僅僅控制節點）：
[root@controller /]# yum install memcached.x86_64 python-memcached.noarch -y
[root@controller /]# vim /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="64"
OPTIONS="-l 10.0.0.11,::1"
[root@controller /]# systemctl start memcached.service
[root@controller /]# systemctl enable memcached.service
三、安裝openstack認證服務（keystone）
（一）keystone概念
keystone的主要功能：認證管理，授權管理和服務目錄，
①認證：也可以理解成賬號管理，openstack所有的用戶，都是在keystone上注冊的，
②授權: glance,nova,neutron,cinder等其他服務都統一使用keystone的賬號管理，就像現在很多網站支持qq登陸是一樣的，
③服務目錄：每增加一個服務，都需要在keystone上做注冊登記，用戶通過keystone可以知道由有那些服務，這么服務的url地址是多少，然后用戶就可以直接訪問這些服務，
（二）keystone認證服務配置
1、創庫授權
資料庫授權命令格式：
grant 權限 on 資料庫物件 to 用戶
grant 權限 on 資料庫物件 to 用戶 identified by ‘密碼'
[root@controller ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]>
2、安裝keystone相關軟體包
php,nginx +fastcgi --->php #使用fastcgi插件使得nginx可以連接php，
python,httpd +wsgi--->python #使用wsgi插件使得httpd可以連接pyhon，
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-keystone httpd mod_wsgi -y
3、修改組態檔
[root@controller ~]# \cp /etc/keystone/keystone.conf{,.bak}
[root@controller ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/keystone/keystone.conf.bak >/etc/keystone/keystone.conf
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/keystone/keystone.conf
方法1：打開組態檔進行添加資料配置
定義初始管理令牌的值
[DEFAULT]
admin_token = ADMIN_TOKEN
配置資料庫訪問
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone
配置Fernet UUID令牌的提供者
[token]
provider = fernet #提供臨時隨機秘鑰（令牌）
方法2：
[root@controller keystone]# yum install openstack-utils -y
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf DEFAULT admin_token ADMIN_TOKEN
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@controller/keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/keystone/keystone.conf token provider fernet
4、同步資料庫
su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone #su到keystone用戶，使用/bin/sh去執行命令，
-s:表示解釋器
-c:表示要執行的命令
keystone：是資料庫用戶名
[root@controller keystone]# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
檢查表：檢查是否差生了表（同步資料庫的結果）
[root@controller keystone]# mysql keystone -e "show tables"
查看同步日志：
[root@controller keystone]# vim /var/log/keystone/keystone.log
5、初始化fernet
[root@controller keystone]# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
[root@controller keystone]# ll /etc/keystone/
drwx------ 2 keystone keystone 24 Jan 4 22:32 fernet-keys（初始化后差生的令牌檔案）
6、配置httpd(apachd)
優化啟動速度：
[root@controller keystone]# echo "ServerName controller" >>/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
以下檔案默認不存在：
[root@controller keystone]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf
#監聽兩個埠
Listen 5000
Listen 35357
#配置兩個虛擬主機站點：
<VirtualHost *:5000>
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-public processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-public
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-public
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined
<Directory /usr/bin>
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:35357>
WSGIDaemonProcess keystone-admin processes=5 threads=1 user=keystone group=keystone display-name=%{GROUP}
WSGIProcessGroup keystone-admin
WSGIScriptAlias / /usr/bin/keystone-wsgi-admin
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
WSGIPassAuthorization On
ErrorLogFormat "%{cu}t %M"
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-error.log
CustomLog /var/log/httpd/keystone-access.log combined
<Directory /usr/bin>
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@controller keystone]#
檢驗：
[root@controller keystone]# md5sum /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf
8f051eb53577f67356ed03e4550315c2 /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi-keystone.conf
7、啟動httpd
[root@controller keystone]# systemctl start httpd.service
[root@controller keystone]# systemctl enable httpd.service
netstat -lntp #查看是否監聽5000和35357埠
8、創建服務和注冊api
? 在keystone上配置，keystone還不完善，無法為自己和其他服務注冊服務和api，使用管理員token（管理員令牌）初始的方法注冊服務和api，
宣告環境變數
[root@controller ~]# export OS_TOKEN=ADMIN_TOKEN
[root@controller ~]# export OS_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
[root@controller ~]# export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
env|grep OS
創建認證服務：
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create \
> --name keystone --description "OpenStack Identity" identity
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Identity |
| enabled | True |
| id | b251b397df344ed58b77879709a82340 |
| name | keystone |
| type | identity |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
注冊API：
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> identity public http://controller:5000/v3 #公共使用的url
tp://controller:35357/v3
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 034a286a309c4d998c2918cb9ad6f161 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | b251b397df344ed58b77879709a82340 |
| service_name | keystone |
| service_type | identity |
| url | http://controller:5000/v3 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> identity internal http://controller:5000/v3 #內部組件使用的url
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | dedefe5fe8424132b9ced6c0ead9291c |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | b251b397df344ed58b77879709a82340 |
| service_name | keystone |
| service_type | identity |
| url | http://controller:5000/v3 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> identity admin http://controller:35357/v3 #管理員使用的url
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 64af2fb03db945d79d77e3c4b67b75ab |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | b251b397df344ed58b77879709a82340 |
| service_name | keystone |
| service_type | identity |
| url | http://controller:35357/v3 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
9、創建域、專案、用戶、角色
[root@controller ~]# openstack domain create --description "Default Domain" default
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Default Domain |
| enabled | True |
| id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
| name | default |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack project create --domain default \
> --description "Admin Project" admin
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Admin Project |
| domain_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
| enabled | True |
| id | 17b0da567cc341c7b33205572bd0470b |
| is_domain | False |
| name | admin |
| parent_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default \
> --password ADMIN_PASS admin #通過--password指定用戶的密碼，與官網不同，
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
| enabled | True |
| id | a7b53c25b6c94a78a6efe00bc9150c33 |
| name | admin |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack role create admin
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | None |
| id | 043b3090d03f436eab223f9f1cedf815 |
| name | admin |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
#關聯專案，用戶，角色
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin
#在admin專案上，給admin用戶賦予admin角色
[root@controller ~]# openstack project create --domain default \
> --description "Service Project" service
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Service Project |
| domain_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
| enabled | True |
| id | 317c63946e484b518dc0d99774ff6772 |
| is_domain | False |
| name | service |
| parent_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
10、測驗授權
[root@controller ~]# unset OS_TOKEN OS_URL #取消環境變數
#沒有環境變臉情況下配置：
[root@controller ~]# openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:35357/v3 \
> --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
> --os-project-name admin --os-username admin --os-password ADMIN_PASS token issue
[root@controller ~]# openstack --os-auth-url http://controller:35357/v3 \
> --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \
> --os-project-name admin --os-username admin --os-password ADMIN_PASS user list
（三）創建環境變數腳本
[root@controller ~]# vim admin-openrc #這里都是大寫，命令列中都是小寫，效果一樣，
export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=default
export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
export OS_USERNAME=admin
export OS_PASSWORD=ADMIN_PASS
export OS_AUTH_URL=http://controller:35357/v3
export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
[root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc
[root@controller ~]# openstack user list
[root@controller ~]# openstack token issue #檢查是否可以分別出token
四、鏡像服務glance
（一）鏡像服務介紹
1、概念
鏡像服務 (glance) 允許用戶查詢、上傳和下載虛擬機鏡像，
組件：glance-api
接收鏡像API的呼叫，諸如鏡像發現、恢復、存盤，
組件：glance-registry
存盤、處理和恢復鏡像的元資料，元資料包括項諸如大小和型別，
（二）鏡像配置
1、openstack通用步驟
a：資料庫創庫授權
b：在keystone創建系統用戶關聯角色
c：在keystone上創建服務，注冊api
d：安裝相應服務軟體包
e：修改相應服務的組態檔f：同步資料庫
g：啟動服務
2、鏡像配置步驟
①資料庫創庫授權
[root@controller ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
②在keystone創建glance用戶關聯角色
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password GLANCE_PASS glance
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | 30c30c794d4a4e92ae4474320e75bf47 |
| enabled | True |
| id | dc68fd42c718411085a1cbc1379a662e |
| name | glance |
+-----------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
③在keystone上創建服務和注冊api
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name glance \
> --description "OpenStack Image" image
nstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
image admin http://controller:9292
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image |
| enabled | True |
| id | 7f258ec0b235433188c5664c9e710d7c |
| name | glance |
| type | image |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> image public http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 2b8484d91ec94bd8a5aafd56ea7a1cfe |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 7f258ec0b235433188c5664c9e710d7c |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://controller:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> image internal http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | aec16a57566a4bccae96f9c63885c0b5 |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 7f258ec0b235433188c5664c9e710d7c |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://controller:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> image admin http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | ceba791635b341d79c1c47182c22c4df |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | 7f258ec0b235433188c5664c9e710d7c |
| service_name | glance |
| service_type | image |
| url | http://controller:9292 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
④安裝服務相應軟體包
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-glance -y
⑤修改相應服務的組態檔
[root@controller ~]# cp /etc/glance/glance-api.conf{,.bak}
[root@controller ~]# grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/glance/glance-api.conf.bak >/etc/glance/glance-api.conf
配置api組態檔：
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store stores file,http
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store default_store file
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf glance_store filesystem_store_datadir /var/lib/glance/images/
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken username glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-api.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
配置注冊組態檔：
cp /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf.bak > /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@controller/glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken username glance
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf keystone_authtoken password GLANCE_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf paste_deploy flavor keystone
⑥同步資料庫
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
[root@controller ~]# mysql glance -e "show tables"
⑦啟動服務
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start openstack-glance-scrubber.service openstack-glance-api.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-scrubber.service openstack-glance-api.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl status openstack-glance-scrubber.service openstack-glance-api.service
⑧驗證
將鏡像（cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img）上傳至根目錄
驗證鏡像上傳：
openstack image create "cirros" \
--file cirros-0.3.4-x86_64-disk.img \
--disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \（也可以作為容器鏡像）
--public
查看鏡像上傳成功：
[root@controller images]# pwd
/var/lib/glance/images
[root@controller images]# ll
total 12980
-rw-r----- 1 glance glance 13287936 Jan 4 23:29 456d7600-3bd1-4fb5-aa84-144a61c0eb07
[root@controller images]#
五、計算服務nova
（一）nova介紹
nova服務是openstack云計算中的最核心服務，常用組件有：
nova-api：接受并回應所有的計算服務請求，管理虛擬機(云主機)生命周期
nova-compute（多個）：真正管理虛擬機的生命周期
nova-scheduler： nova調度器（挑選出最合適的nova-compute來創建虛機）
nova-conductor： 幫助nova-compute代理修改資料庫中虛擬機的狀態
nova-network ： 早期openstack版本管理虛擬機的網路（已棄用，neutron）
nova-consoleauth : 為web版的vnc提供訪問令牌
tokennovncproxy：web版 vnc客戶端
nova-api-metadata：接受來自虛擬機發送的元資料請求
（二）nova配置
1、openstack通用配置流程
a：資料庫創庫授權
b：在keystone創建系統用戶關聯角色
c:在keystone上創建服務，注冊api
d：安裝相應服務軟體包
e：修改相應服務的組態檔
f：同步資料庫
g：啟動服務
2、nova控制節點配置步驟
①資料庫創庫授權
[root@controller ~]# mysql
CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
CREATE DATABASE nova;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
②在keystone創建系統用戶(glance,nova,neutron)關聯角色
openstack user create --domain default \
--password NOVA_PASS nova
openstack role add --project service --user nova admin
③在keystone上創建服務和注冊api
openstack service create --name nova \
--description "OpenStack Compute" compute
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1/%\(tenant_id\)s
④安裝服務相應軟體包
yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor \
openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy \
openstack-nova-scheduler -y
⑤修改相應服務的組態檔
cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak >/etc/nova/nova.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT enabled_apis osapi_compute,metadata
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 10.0.0.11
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT use_neutron True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT firewall_driver nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf api_database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password NOVA_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/nova/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen '$my_ip'
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_address '$my_ip'
驗證
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/nova/nova.conf
47ded61fdd1a79ab91bdb37ce59ef192 /etc/nova/nova.conf
⑥同步資料庫
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
⑦啟動服務
systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service \
openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
查看：
[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list
nova service-list
glance image-list
openstack image list
openstack compute service list
3、nova計算節點配置步驟
①nova-compute呼叫libvirtd來創建虛擬機
安裝相關軟體：
yum install openstack-nova-compute -y
yum install openstack-utils.noarch -y
②配置
[root@computer1 ~]# cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
[root@computer1 ~]# grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak >/etc/nova/nova.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT enabled_apis osapi_compute,metadata
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 10.0.0.31
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT use_neutron True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT firewall_driver nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password NOVA_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/nova/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc enabled True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen 0.0.0.0
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_address '$my_ip'
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc novncproxy_base_url http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html
驗證
[root@computer1 ~]# md5sum /etc/nova/nova.conf
45cab6030a9ab82761e9f697d6d79e14 /etc/nova/nova.conf
③啟動服務
systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
④驗證（全域變數要生效）
控制節點
[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list
六、網路服務neutron
（一）概念介紹
OpenStack Networking（neutron），允許創建、附加網卡設備，這些設備由其他的OpenStack服務管理，插件式的實作可以容納不同的網路設備和軟體，為OpenStack架構與部署提供了靈活性，
常用組件有：
neutron-server :接受和回應外部的網路管理請求
neutron-linuxbridge-agent:負責創建橋接網卡
neutron-dhcp-agent：負責分配IP
neutron-metadata-agent：配合nova-metadata-api實作虛擬機的定制化操作
L3-agent：實作三層網路vxlan(網路層)
（二）neutron組件配置
1、控制節點配置
①資料庫授權
[root@controller ~]# mysql
CREATE DATABASE neutron;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
②在keystone創建系統用戶(glance,nova,neutron)關聯角色
openstack user create --domain default --password NEUTRON_PASS neutron
openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin
③在keystone上創建服務和注冊api
openstack service create --name neutron \
--description "OpenStack Networking" network
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
network public http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
network internal http://controller:9696
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
network admin http://controller:9696
④安裝服務相應軟體包
yum install openstack-neutron openstack-neutron-ml2 \
openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables -y
⑤修改相應服務的組態檔
檔案：/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
cp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak >/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT core_plugin ml2
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT service_plugins
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_status_changes True
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT notify_nova_on_port_data_changes True
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@controller/neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova username nova
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf nova password NOVA_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/neutron/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
驗證
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
e399b7958cd22f47becc6d8fd6d3521a /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
檔案：/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 type_drivers flat,vlan
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 tenant_network_types
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 mechanism_drivers linuxbridge
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2 extension_drivers port_security
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini ml2_type_flat flat_networks provider
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini securitygroup enable_ipset True
驗證：
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
2640b5de519fafcd675b30e1bcd3c7d5 /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
檔案：/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group True
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan False
驗證：
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
3f474907a7f438b34563e4d3f3c29538 /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
檔案：/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
cp /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT interface_driver neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT dhcp_driver neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini DEFAULT enable_isolated_metadata True
驗證：
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
d39579607b2f7d92e88f8910f9213520 /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
檔案：/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
cp /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT nova_metadata_ip controller
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini DEFAULT metadata_proxy_shared_secret METADATA_SECRET
驗證：
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
e1166b0dfcbcf4507d50860d124335d6 /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
檔案：再次修改/etc/nova/nova.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url http://controller:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron service_metadata_proxy True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron metadata_proxy_shared_secret METADATA_SECRET
驗證：
[root@controller ~]# md5sum /etc/nova/nova.conf
6334f359655efdbcf083b812ab94efc1 /etc/nova/nova.conf
⑥同步資料庫
ln -s /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini /etc/neutron/plugin.ini
su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \
--config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron
⑦啟動服務
systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
systemctl enable neutron-server.service \
neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \
neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-server.service \
neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service \
neutron-metadata-agent.service
2、計算節點配置
①安裝相關軟體
yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset -y
②配置
cp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak >/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/neutron/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
驗證：
[root@computer1 ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
77ffab503797be5063c06e8b956d6ed0 /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
檔案：/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group True
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan False
驗證：
[root@computer1 ~]# md5sum /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
3f474907a7f438b34563e4d3f3c29538 /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[root@computer1 ~]#
檔案：再次配置/etc/nova/nova.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url http://controller:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password NEUTRON_PASS
驗證：
[root@computer1 ~]# md5sum /etc/nova/nova.conf
328cd5f0745e26a420e828b0dfc2934e /etc/nova/nova.conf
控制節點上查看：
[root@controller ~]# neutron agent-list
③組件啟動
systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service
systemctl enable neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
七、儀表盤服務horizon
（一）概念介紹
? Dashboard(horizon)是一個web介面，使得云平臺管理員以及用戶可以管理不同的Openstack資源以及服務，它是使用python django框架開發的，它沒有自己的資料庫，web頁面展示，全程依賴呼叫其他服務的api，儀表盤服務安裝在計算節點上（官方檔案安裝在控制節點上）
（二）組件安裝配置
①安裝相關軟體
yum install openstack-dashboard python-memcached -y
②配置
openstack資料包里準備好的組態檔（local-setting）匯入組態檔：
[root@computer1 ~]# cat local_settings >/etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
配置組件
[root@computer1 ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' local_settings
import os
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from openstack_dashboard import exceptions
from openstack_dashboard.settings import HORIZON_CONFIG
DEBUG = False
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
WEBROOT = '/dashboard/'
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', ]
OPENSTACK_API_VERSIONS = {
"identity": 3,
"image": 2,
"volume": 2,
"compute": 2,
}
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_MULTIDOMAIN_SUPPORT = True
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_DOMAIN = 'default'
LOCAL_PATH = '/tmp'
SECRET_KEY='65941f1393ea1c265ad7'
SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache',
'LOCATION': 'controller:11211',
},
}
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'
OPENSTACK_HOST = "controller"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_URL = "http://%s:5000/v3" % OPENSTACK_HOST
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = "user"
OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_BACKEND = {
'name': 'native',
'can_edit_user': True,
'can_edit_group': True,
'can_edit_project': True,
'can_edit_domain': True,
'can_edit_role': True,
}
OPENSTACK_HYPERVISOR_FEATURES = {
'can_set_mount_point': False,
'can_set_password': False,
'requires_keypair': False,
}
OPENSTACK_CINDER_FEATURES = {
'enable_backup': False,
}
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
'enable_router': False,
'enable_quotas': False,
'enable_ipv6': False,
'enable_distributed_router': False,
'enable_ha_router': False,
'enable_lb': False,
'enable_firewall': False,
'enable_vpn': False,
'enable_fip_topology_check': False,
'default_ipv4_subnet_pool_label': None,
'default_ipv6_subnet_pool_label': None,
'profile_support': None,
'supported_provider_types': ['*'],
'supported_vnic_types': ['*'],
}
OPENSTACK_HEAT_STACK = {
'enable_user_pass': True,
}
IMAGE_CUSTOM_PROPERTY_TITLES = {
"architecture": _("Architecture"),
"kernel_id": _("Kernel ID"),
"ramdisk_id": _("Ramdisk ID"),
"image_state": _("Euca2ools state"),
"project_id": _("Project ID"),
"image_type": _("Image Type"),
}
IMAGE_RESERVED_CUSTOM_PROPERTIES = []
API_RESULT_LIMIT = 1000
API_RESULT_PAGE_SIZE = 20
SWIFT_FILE_TRANSFER_CHUNK_SIZE = 512 * 1024
DROPDOWN_MAX_ITEMS = 30
TIME_ZONE = "Asia/Shanghai"
POLICY_FILES_PATH = '/etc/openstack-dashboard'
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'handlers': {
'null': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.NullHandler',
},
'console': {
'level': 'INFO',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
},
},
'loggers': {
'django.db.backends': {
'handlers': ['null'],
'propagate': False,
},
'requests': {
'handlers': ['null'],
'propagate': False,
},
'horizon': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'openstack_dashboard': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'novaclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'cinderclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'keystoneclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'glanceclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'neutronclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'heatclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'ceilometerclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'swiftclient': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'openstack_auth': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'nose.plugins.manager': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'django': {
'handlers': ['console'],
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': False,
},
'iso8601': {
'handlers': ['null'],
'propagate': False,
},
'scss': {
'handlers': ['null'],
'propagate': False,
},
},
}
SECURITY_GROUP_RULES = {
'all_tcp': {
'name': _('All TCP'),
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '1',
'to_port': '65535',
},
'all_udp': {
'name': _('All UDP'),
'ip_protocol': 'udp',
'from_port': '1',
'to_port': '65535',
},
'all_icmp': {
'name': _('All ICMP'),
'ip_protocol': 'icmp',
'from_port': '-1',
'to_port': '-1',
},
'ssh': {
'name': 'SSH',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '22',
'to_port': '22',
},
'smtp': {
'name': 'SMTP',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '25',
'to_port': '25',
},
'dns': {
'name': 'DNS',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '53',
'to_port': '53',
},
'http': {
'name': 'HTTP',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '80',
'to_port': '80',
},
'pop3': {
'name': 'POP3',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '110',
'to_port': '110',
},
'imap': {
'name': 'IMAP',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '143',
'to_port': '143',
},
'ldap': {
'name': 'LDAP',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '389',
'to_port': '389',
},
'https': {
'name': 'HTTPS',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '443',
'to_port': '443',
},
'smtps': {
'name': 'SMTPS',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '465',
'to_port': '465',
},
'imaps': {
'name': 'IMAPS',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '993',
'to_port': '993',
},
'pop3s': {
'name': 'POP3S',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '995',
'to_port': '995',
},
'ms_sql': {
'name': 'MS SQL',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '1433',
'to_port': '1433',
},
'mysql': {
'name': 'MYSQL',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '3306',
'to_port': '3306',
},
'rdp': {
'name': 'RDP',
'ip_protocol': 'tcp',
'from_port': '3389',
'to_port': '3389',
},
}
REST_API_REQUIRED_SETTINGS = ['OPENSTACK_HYPERVISOR_FEATURES',
'LAUNCH_INSTANCE_DEFAULTS']
③啟動服務
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl start httpd.service
④使用瀏覽器http://10.0.0.31/dashboard,
⑤如果出現Internal Server Error
解決辦法：
[root@computer1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/openstack-dashboard.conf
在WSGISocketPrefix run/wsgi后一行添加：
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
⑥登錄dashboard
域：default
用戶名:admin
密碼:ADMIN_PASS
八、啟動一個實體
（一）啟動實體步驟
第一次啟動實體需要步驟：
1：創建openstack網路
2：創建實體的硬體配置方案
3：創建密鑰對（控制節點免秘鑰登錄）
4：創建安全組規則
5：啟動一個實體（通過命令列創建實體，或者通過web頁面啟動實體）
（二）通過命令列創建實體
①創建網路
neutron net-create --shared --provider:physical_network provider \
--provider:network_type flat oldboy
# physical_network provider,這里的名稱相同與：
#[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini | grep flat_networks
#flat_networks = provider
創建子網：
neutron subnet-create --name oldgirl \
--allocation-pool start=10.0.0.101,end=10.0.0.250 \
--dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 10.0.0.254 \
oldboy 10.0.0.0/24
②配置硬體配置方案：
查看已有配置方案（硬體方案）：
[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor list
創建方案：
[root@controller ~]# openstack flavor create --id 0 --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 m1.nano
③創建秘鑰對
創建秘鑰對，然后上傳到OpenStack上：
[root@controller ~]# ssh-keygen -q -N "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
[root@controller ~]# openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub mykey
④創建安全組規則
openstack security group rule create --proto icmp default
openstack security group rule create --proto tcp --dst-port 22 default
#開放的兩個協議，icmp，tcp協議22埠
⑤啟動一個實體（命令列）：
查看已有鏡像：
[root@controller ~]# openstack image list
查看網路id：
[root@controller ~]# neutron net-list
dd7500f9-1cb1-42df-8025-a232ef90d54c
創建鏡像
openstack server create --flavor m1.nano --image cirros \
--nic net-id=dd7500f9-1cb1-42df-8025-a232ef90d54c --security-group default \
--key-name mykey oldboy
#實體的名稱叫oldboy，秘鑰對名稱跟上面一樣：mykey
檢查：
[root@controller images]# openstack server list
[root@controller images]# nova list
安裝相關插件查看虛擬機串列：
yum install libvirt -y
virsh list #查看虛擬機串列
netstat -lntp #監控5900埠
注意事項：
①出現controller無法決議，在電腦的hosts檔案中添加：10.0.0.11 controller
②如果實體卡在gurb界面
計算節點修改配置：
vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[libvirt]
cpu_mode = none
virt_type = qemu
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute
（三）web頁面創建實體步驟
①點擊“計算”
②點擊“實體”
③點擊右上角“啟用實體”
④詳情資訊：instance name ：實體名稱，count：選擇創建實體數量
⑤選擇鏡像源，點擊加號
⑥flavor：實體的硬體配置，選擇點擊后端加號（硬體的配置方案）
⑦網路選擇已經創建的，默認的
⑧下面都是默認配置
在windows的host檔案中增加：10.0.0.11 controller #(避免報錯)
創建實體：控制臺可以進入虛擬機；
點擊控制臺進入虛擬機內部時候：
提示錯誤：booting from hard disk grub：
解決辦法：
計算節點：nova組態檔：
vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[libvirt]
cpu_mode=none
virt_type=qemu
systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute
硬重啟實體，
九、增加一個計算節點
（一）增加計算節點的步驟
1：配置yum源
2：時間同步
3：安裝openstack基礎包
4：安裝nova-compute
5：安裝neutron-linuxbridge-agent
6：啟動服務nova-compute和linuxbridge-agent
7：驗證
（二）安裝yum
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
rz 上傳openstack_rpm.tar.gz到/opt，并解壓
生成repo組態檔
echo '[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
[openstack]
name=openstack
baseurl=file:///opt/repo
gpgcheck=0' >/etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo
yum makecache
echo 'mount /dev/cdrom /mnt' >>/etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
（三）時間同步和openstack基礎包
時間同步：
vim /etc/chrony.conf
修改第3行為
server 10.0.0.11 iburst
systemctl restart chronyd
安裝openstack客戶端和openstack-selinux
yum install python-openstackclient.noarch openstack-selinux.noarch -y
（四）安裝nova-compute和網路
yum install openstack-nova-compute -y
yum install openstack-utils.noarch -y
\cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/nova/nova.conf.bak >/etc/nova/nova.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT my_ip 10.0.0.32
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT use_neutron True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf DEFAULT firewall_driver nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf glance api_servers http://controller:9292
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken username nova
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf keystone_authtoken password NOVA_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/nova/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc enabled True
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_listen 0.0.0.0
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc vncserver_proxyclient_address '$my_ip'
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf vnc novncproxy_base_url http://controller:6080/vnc_auto.html
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron url http://controller:9696
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron region_name RegionOne
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf neutron password NEUTRON_PASS
安裝neutron-linuxbridge-agent
yum install openstack-neutron-linuxbridge ebtables ipset -y
\cp /etc/neutron/neutron.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/neutron/neutron.conf.bak >/etc/neutron/neutron.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken username neutron
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf keystone_authtoken password NEUTRON_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/neutron/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/neutron.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
####
#vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
\cp /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini{,.bak}
grep '^[a-Z\[]' /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini.bak >/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini linux_bridge physical_interface_mappings provider:eth0
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup enable_security_group True
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini securitygroup firewall_driver neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
openstack-config --set /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini vxlan enable_vxlan False
（五）啟動服務
[root@computer2 /]# systemctl start libvirtd openstack-nova-compute neutron-linuxbridge-agent
[root@computer2 /]# systemctl status libvirtd openstack-nova-compute neutron-linuxbridge-agent
在控制節點上進行檢測：
nova service-list
neutron agent-list
（六）檢查計算節點
創建虛機來檢查新增的計算節點是否可用：
①創建主機聚集：管理員-主機聚集-創建主機聚集-主機聚集資訊（名稱，域：oldboyboy）-管理聚集內主機（compute2）--創建 #對nova-compute進行分組，
②創建主機：專案-實體-啟動實體-詳細資訊（可用區域選擇剛創建的oldobyboy，主機聚集名稱）-源-flavor-網路-網路埠-安全組-秘鑰對-配置-元資料-創建 #在管理員目錄下可以看到實體屬于的主機，
注意：如果實體卡在gurb界面
vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[libvirt]
cpu_mode = none
virt_type = qemu
systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute
十、openstack用戶專案和角色關系
（一）專案用戶角色的關系圖
1、創建域
openstack domain create --description "Default Domain" default
2、創建專案
openstack project create --domain default --description "Admin Project" admin
3、創建用戶
openstack user create --domain default --password ADMIN_PASS admin
4、創建角色
openstack role create admin
5、關聯角色，授權
openstack role add --project admin --user admin admin
（二）身份管理里創建角色（admin，user）
①先創建角色
②創建專案
調整配額，在專案里調整，
③創建用戶
普通用戶里無管理員目錄
admin角色：所有專案管理員
user角色：單個專案的用戶
只用管理員才能看到所有實體，
（三）專案配額管理
管理員-專案-管理成員-專案配額：配置相應的配額，
十一、遷移glance鏡像服務
（一）背景
? 當openstack管理的計算節點越來越多的時候，控制節點的壓力越來越大，由于所有的服務都安裝在控制節點，這時候控制節點上的openstack服務隨時都團滅的風險，
? openstack是基于soa架構設計的，我們已經實作了horizon的遷移，接下來，我們實作glance鏡像服務的遷移，后面其他的服務都可以遷移，讓控制節點只保留一個keystone服務，是soa架構的最佳實踐，
本次，我們將glance鏡像服務，由控制節點遷移到compute2上，
（二）glance鏡像服務遷移的主要步驟
1：停止控制節點上的glance服務
2：備份遷移glance資料庫
3：在新的節點上安裝配置glance
4：遷移原有glance鏡像檔案
5：修改keystone中glance的api地址
6：修改所有節點nova組態檔中glance的api地址
7：測驗，上傳鏡像，創建實體
（三）操作程序
①控制節點上關閉相關服務：
[root@controller ~]# systemctl stop openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl disable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
②在控制節點上備份庫：
[root@controller ~]# mysqldump -uroot -B glance >glance.sql
[root@controller ~]# scp glance.sql 10.0.0.32:/root
（四）資料庫遷移
在compute2上：
yum install mariadb-server.x86_64 python2-PyMySQL -y
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
mysql_secure_installation
匯入從控制節點上備份的glance資料庫
mysql < glance.sql
[root@computer2 ~]# mysql
mysql>
show databases;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
（五）安裝glance服務
在compute2上安裝：
yum install openstack-glance -y
在控制節點上將組態檔發送至compute2上：
[root@controller ~]# scp /etc/glance/glance-api.conf 10.0.0.32:/etc/glance/
[root@controller ~]# scp /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf 10.0.0.32:/etc/glance/
修改：
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:[email protected]/glance
復制之前的內容，注意：修改資料庫的ip地址為10.0.0.32
systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
（六）遷移鏡像
[root@computer2 glance]# scp -rp 10.0.0.11:/var/lib/glance/images/* /var/lib/glance/images/
[root@computer2 images]# chown -R glance:glance /var/lib/glance/images/
在控制節點上檢查：
source admin-openrc
openstack endpoint list | grep image
依舊是之前的鏡像
（七）修改keystone上的glance的api地址
在控制節點上：
查看相關資料庫：
msyql keystone:
select * from endpoint
[root@controller ~]# mysqldump -uroot keystone endpoint >endpoint.sql
[root@controller ~]# cp endpoint.sql /opt/
修改資料庫組態檔：
[root@controller ~]# sed -i 's#http://controller:9292#http://10.0.0.32:9292#g' endpoint.sql
匯入修改好的資料庫檔案：
[root@controller ~]# mysql keystone < endpoint.sql
查看glance介面地址：
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint list|grep image
[root@controller ~]# openstack image list
（八）修改所有節點nova組態檔
sed -i 's#http://controller:9292#http://10.0.0.32:9292#g' /etc/nova/nova.conf
grep '9292' /etc/nova/nova.conf
systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-compute.service
控制節點重啟：openstack-nova-api.service
計算節點重啟：openstack-nova-compute.service
控制節點：
[root@controller ~]# nova service-list
+----+------------------+------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| Id | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason |
+----+------------------+------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
| 1 | nova-conductor | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2020-01-05T16:53:07.000000 | - |
| 2 | nova-consoleauth | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2020-01-05T16:53:10.000000 | - |
| 3 | nova-scheduler | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2020-01-05T16:53:10.000000 | - |
| 6 | nova-compute | computer1 | nova | enabled | up | 2020-01-05T16:53:08.000000 | - |
| 7 | nova-compute | computer2 | oldboyboy | enabled | up | 2020-01-05T16:53:08.000000 | - |
+----+------------------+------------+-----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+
（九）測驗，上傳鏡像，創建實體
1、上傳鏡像：
專案-鏡像-創建鏡像（centos-cloud）
鏡像存盤位置：/var/lib/glance/image
查看鏡像資訊：qemu-image info /var/lib/glance/image/...
2、創建實體：
專案-實體-啟用實體
web頁面；專案里可以上傳鏡像
qemu-img info .. #查看鏡像資訊
啟動實體程序中查看nova中資訊：從glance上下載鏡像，并進行格式轉換，下載的位置：
/var/lib/nova/instance/_base/
十二、塊存盤服務cinder
（一）安裝cinder塊服務
1、塊存盤服務cinder的介紹
? 為云主機添加磁盤，塊存盤服務（cinder）為實體提供塊存盤，存盤的分配和消耗是由塊存盤驅動器，或者多后端配置的驅動器決定的，還有很多驅動程式可用：NAS/SAN，NFS，LVM，Ceph等，常用組件：
cinder-api：接收和回應外部有關塊存盤請求
cinder-volume： 提供存盤空間
cinder-scheduler：調度器，決定將要分配的空間由哪一個cinder-volume提供，
cinder-backup： 備份卷
2、openstack服務通用安裝步驟
a：資料庫創庫授權
b：在keystone創建系統用戶關聯角色
c：在keystone上創建服務，注冊api
d：安裝相應服務軟體包
e：修改相應服務的組態檔
f：同步資料庫
g：啟動服務
（二）塊存盤服務節安裝
1、cinder塊存盤服務控制節點
①資料庫創庫授權
[root@controller ~]# mysql
CREATE DATABASE cinder;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'localhost' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cinder.* TO 'cinder'@'%' \
IDENTIFIED BY 'CINDER_DBPASS';
②在keystone創建系統用戶(glance,nova,neutron,cinder)關聯角色
openstack user create --domain default --password CINDER_PASS cinder
openstack role add --project service --user cinder admin
③在keystone上創建服務和注冊api(source admin-openrc )
openstack service create --name cinder \
--description "OpenStack Block Storage" volume
openstack service create --name cinderv2 \
--description "OpenStack Block Storage" volumev2
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volume public http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volume internal http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volume admin http://controller:8776/v1/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volumev2 public http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volumev2 internal http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
volumev2 admin http://controller:8776/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s
④安裝服務相應軟體包
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-cinder -y
⑤修改相應服務的組態檔
cp /etc/cinder/cinder.conf{,.bak}
grep -Ev '^$|#' /etc/cinder/cinder.conf.bak >/etc/cinder/cinder.conf
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT rpc_backend rabbit
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT auth_strategy keystone
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf DEFAULT my_ip 10.0.0.11
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf database connection mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_uri http://controller:5000
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_url http://controller:35357
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken memcached_servers controller:11211
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken auth_type password
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken user_domain_name default
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken project_name service
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken username cinder
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf keystone_authtoken password CINDER_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_concurrency lock_path /var/lib/cinder/tmp
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_host controller
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_userid openstack
openstack-config --set /etc/cinder/cinder.conf oslo_messaging_rabbit rabbit_password RABBIT_PASS
openstack-config --set /etc/nova/nova.conf cinder os_region_name RegionOne
⑥同步資料庫
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "cinder-manage db sync" cinder
⑦啟動服務
systemctl restart openstack-nova-api.service
systemctl enable openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
systemctl start openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl status openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
⑧檢查：
[root@controller ~]# cinder service-list
（二）安裝cinder塊服務存盤節點
? 為節省資源，安裝在計算節點上，在computer1上增加兩塊硬碟，添加兩塊硬碟，一塊30G，一塊10G，
1、lvm原理：
2、存盤節點安裝步驟
①在計算節點上安裝lvm相關軟體
yum install lvm2 -y
systemctl enable lvm2-lvmetad.service
systemctl start lvm2-lvmetad.service
②創建卷組
echo '- - -' >/sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
#以上命令是重新掃描硬碟
fdisk -l
創建物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sdb
pvcreate /dev/sdc
創卷成卷組，將兩個物理卷分別創建成相應的卷組：
vgcreate cinder-ssd /dev/sdb
vgcreate cinder-sata /dev/sdc
檢查創建情況：
pvs：
vgs：
lvs：
③修改/etc/lvm/lvm.conf
在130下面插入一行：
只接受sdb，sdc訪問
filter = [ "a/sdb/", "a/sdc/","r/.*/"]
④安裝cinder相關軟體
yum install openstack-cinder targetcli python-keystone -y
⑤修改組態檔
[root@computer1 ~]# cat /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[DEFAULT]
rpc_backend = rabbit
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 10.0.0.31
glance_api_servers = http://10.0.0.32:9292
enabled_backends = ssd,sata #區別官方檔案，這里配置兩種磁盤格式
[BACKEND]
[BRCD_FABRIC_EXAMPLE]
[CISCO_FABRIC_EXAMPLE]
[COORDINATION]
[FC-ZONE-MANAGER]
[KEYMGR]
[cors]
[cors.subdomain]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://cinder:CINDER_DBPASS@controller/cinder
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = cinder
password = CINDER_PASS
[matchmaker_redis]
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/cinder/tmp
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
rabbit_host = controller
rabbit_userid = openstack
rabbit_password = RABBIT_PASS
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[oslo_reports]
[oslo_versionedobjects]
[ssl]
[ssd]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-ssd
iscsi_protocol = iscsi
iscsi_helper = lioadm
volume_backend_name = ssd
[sata]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.lvm.LVMVolumeDriver
volume_group = cinder-sata
iscsi_protocol = iscsi
iscsi_helper = lioadm
volume_backend_name = sata
⑥啟動應用程式
systemctl enable openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service
systemctl start openstack-cinder-volume.service target.service
⑦在控制節點上檢測
[root@controller ~]# cinder service-list
⑧創建卷，驗證：
專案-計算-卷-創建卷；在計算節點1上lvs查看創建成功的卷，
⑨掛卷：
步驟一：卷-編輯卷-管理連接-掛至相應實體；
步驟二：在相應的實體上查看：
sudo su
fdisk -l
步驟三：格式化新增的卷并掛載：
web頁面中：專案-卷-管理連接-連接至創建的實體上：
點擊卷后面的實體：進入控制臺的實體：
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mount /dev/vdb /mnt
df -h
⑩擴容卷
步驟一：
unmount /mnt
步驟二：
專案-計算-卷-編輯卷-卷管理-分離卷
專案-計算-卷-編輯卷-卷管理-編輯卷-擴展卷（2g，computer1：lvs）
專案-計算-卷-編輯卷-卷管理-編輯卷-管理卷-掛至相應的實體
實體控制臺：
mount /dev/vdb /mnt
df -h
resize2fs /dev/vdb
df -h
查看存盤資訊：
[root@computer1 ~]# vgs
?創卷卷組型別
已定義卷組型別：
volume_backend_name = ssd
volume_backend_name = sata
管理員-卷-創建型別卷-名稱-查看卷型別-已創建-分別在鍵和值里填寫以上資訊，
創建卷：可選擇卷的型別
專案-卷-創建卷-創建卷程序中可以選擇已經創建好的卷型別，lvs查看創建情況
十三、增加一個flat網路
分別在三臺機器上增加一個網卡，選擇lan網段，地址172.16.0.0/24
（一）增加一個flat網路原因
? 我們的openstack當前環境只有一個基于eth0網卡橋接的，它能使用的ip范圍有限，就決定著它能創建的實體數量有限，無法超過可用ip的數量，當我們的openstack私有云規模比較大的時候，這時候只有一個網路，就不能滿足我們的需求了，所以這里我們來學習如何增加一個網路我們使用的環境是VMware workstation，無法模擬vlan的場景，所以這里我們繼續使用flat，網路型別，
（二）添加網卡eth1
分別虛擬機上添加一塊網卡，為lan區段，172.16.0.0/24
拷貝ifcfg-eth0 至ifcfg-eth1,修改eth1的地址為172.16.0.0/24地址段，并ifup eth1啟動網卡，
[root@computer1 network-scripts]# scp ifcfg-eth1 10.0.0.11:`pwd`
（三）控制節點配置
1:控制節點
a:
vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini
[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider,net172_16 #增加網路名詞net172.16
b:
vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:eth0,net172_16:eth1 #網路名詞和網卡要對應
c：重啟
systemctl restart neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
（四）計算節點配置
a:
vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:eth0,net172_16:eth1
b：重啟
systemctl restart neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
檢測：控制節點
neutron agent-list
（五）創建網路
1、命令列創建：
neutron net-create --shared --provider:physical_network net172_16 \
--provider:network_type flat net172_16
neutron subnet-create --name oldgirl \
--allocation-pool start=172.16.0.1,end=172.16.0.250 \
--dns-nameserver 223.5.5.5 --gateway 172.16.0.254 \
net172_16 172.16.0.0/24
2、web頁面創建網路：
管理員-網路-創建網路（供應商，平面）-創建子網
創建實體：專案-實體-創建實體（創建程序中可以選擇剛創建的網路）
注意：創建一個linux系統作為路由器使用：
基于net172_16網路上網，路由器服務器需要配置：
配置eth0和eth1,但是eth1的網路地址為172.16.0.254,為虛擬機網關地址，不配置網關，
編輯內核組態檔，開啟轉發
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
使內核生效
sysctl -p
清空防火墻的filter表
iptables -F
#添加轉發規則
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.0.0/24 -j MASQUERADE
十四、cinder對接nfs共享存盤
（一）背景
cinder使用nfs做后端存盤，cinder服務和nova服務很相似，
nova：不提供虛擬化，支持多種虛擬化技術，kvm,xen,qemu,lxc
cinder：不提供存盤，支持多種存盤技術，lvm，nfs，glusterFS，ceph
后期如果需要對接其他型別后端存盤，方法都類似，
（二）相關配置
①前提條件控制節點安裝nfs
安裝
[root@controller ~]# yum install nfs-utils.x86_64 -y
配置
[root@controller ~]# mkdir /data
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/exports
/data 10.0.0.0/24(rw,async,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
啟動
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind.socket
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart nfs
②存盤節點的配置
[root@computer1 ~]# yum install nfs -y
修改/etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_backends = sata,ssd,nfs #增加nfs存盤型別，下面配置nfs模塊
[nfs]
volume_driver = cinder.volume.drivers.nfs.NfsDriver
nfs_shares_config = /etc/cinder/nfs_shares
volume_backend_name = nfs
vi /etc/cinder/nfs_shares
10.0.0.11:/data
[root@computer1 ~]# showmount -e 10.0.0.11
Export list for 10.0.0.11:
/data 10.0.0.0/24
重啟cinder-volume
systemctl restart openstack-cinder-volume.service
在控制節點上檢查：cinder service-list
③錯誤糾正
查看卷日志：
[root@computer1 ~]# vim /var/log/cinder/volume.log
報錯,需要配置：
[root@computer1 ~]# chown -R cinder:cinder /var/lib/cinder/mnt/
④創建卷型別，掛載實體
管理員-卷-創建型別卷-查看extra spec，設定鍵和值
專案-卷-創建卷-管理連接-連接到實體
[root@computer1 ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/cinder/mnt/490717a467bd12d34ec324c86a4f35b3/volume-b5f95e9f-7c11-4014-a2a0-26fc756bcdc3
image: /var/lib/cinder/mnt/490717a467bd12d34ec324c86a4f35b3/volume-b5f95e9f-7c11-4014-a2a0-26fc756bcdc3
file format: raw
virtual size: 2.0G (2147483648 bytes)
disk size: 0
[root@computer1 ~]#
[root@controller ~]# ll /data/
total 0
-rw-rw-rw- 1 qemu qemu 2147483648 Jan 8 22:48 volume-b5f95e9f-7c11-4014-a2a0-26fc756bcdc3
實體位置
[root@computer1 5ad1db06-c52b-49aa-893d-51d60892c7a5]# ll
total 2536
-rw------- 1 qemu qemu 25100 Jan 8 22:53 console.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 2555904 Jan 8 22:54 disk
-rw-r--r-- 1 nova nova 79 Jan 8 01:19 disk.info
-rw-r--r-- 1 nova nova 2529 Jan 8 01:19 libvirt.xml
[root@computer1 5ad1db06-c52b-49aa-893d-51d60892c7a5]# qemu-img info disk
image: disk
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)
disk size: 2.4M
cluster_size: 65536
backing file: /var/lib/nova/instances/_base/01c2721b07aea0ded3af18fafca0af9de5ed767c
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
[root@computer1 5ad1db06-c52b-49aa-893d-51d60892c7a5]# pwd
/var/lib/nova/instances/5ad1db06-c52b-49aa-893d-51d60892c7a5
⑤錯誤糾正
查看報錯日志：
[root@controller cinder]# cat /var/log/cinder/api.log
2020-01-08 23:06:08.748 3023 ERROR cinder.image.glance CommunicationError: Error finding address for http://10.0.0.11:9292/v1/images/456d7600-3bd1-4fb5-aa84-144a61c0eb07: HTTPConnectionPool(host='10.0.0.11', port=9292): Max retries exceeded with url: /v1/images/456d7600-3bd1-4fb5-aa84-144a61c0eb07 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0x6a58990>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] ECONNREFUSED',))
2020-01-08 23:06:08.748 3023 ERROR cinder.image.glance
鏡像glance位置：
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint list | grep image
| 2b8484d91ec94bd8a5aafd56ea7a1cfe | RegionOne | glance | image | True | public | http://10.0.0.32:9292 |
| aec16a57566a4bccae96f9c63885c0b5 | RegionOne | glance | image | True | internal | http://10.0.0.32:9292 |
| ceba791635b341d79c1c47182c22c4df | RegionOne | glance | image | True | admin | http://10.0.0.32:9292 |
[root@controller ~]#
增加配置：
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/cinder/cinder.conf
[DEFAULT]
rpc_backend = rabbit
auth_strategy = keystone
my_ip = 10.0.0.11
glance_api_servers = http://10.0.0.32:9292 #默認在控制節點
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl status openstack-cinder-api.service openstack-cinder-scheduler.service
[root@controller ~]# cinder service-list
創建實體，把實體放在卷上面：
專案-實體-創建實體-源（創建新卷）-存盤大小（大小要與flavour相同）
實體直接放在卷上的位置：
[root@computer1 024b11f6-c490-460b-93b3-b915149fa76e]# ll -h
total 24K
-rw------- 1 qemu qemu 19K Jan 8 23:19 console.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 nova nova 2.5K Jan 8 23:18 libvirt.xml
[root@computer1 024b11f6-c490-460b-93b3-b915149fa76e]# pwd
/var/lib/nova/instances/024b11f6-c490-460b-93b3-b915149fa76e
十五、openstack云主機的冷遷移
（一）遷移條件
前提條件：
①至少有2個計算節點
②2個計算節點必須處于同一個可用區域（主機聚集）
③計算節點，有足夠的剩余計算資源
（二）配置計算節點nova用戶互信
所有計算節點
usermod -s /bin/bash nova
計算節點2：
[root@computer2 ~]# su - nova
Last login: Wed Jan 8 23:40:51 CST 2020 on pts/1
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -q -N "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
/var/lib/nova/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? yes
-bash-4.2$ ls .ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
-bash-4.2$ cp -fa .ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keys
-bash-4.2$ ll .ssh/
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 nova nova 396 Jan 8 23:45 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 nova nova 1675 Jan 8 23:45 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 nova nova 396 Jan 8 23:45 id_rsa.pub
-bash-4.2$ ssh [email protected]
The authenticity of host '10.0.0.32 (10.0.0.32)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:GYtp4W43k6E/1PUlY9PGAT6HR+oI6j4E4HJF19ZuCHU.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:3f:b3:8b:8e:21:38:6f:51:ba:f4:67:ca:2a:bc:e1:34.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.0.0.32' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Last login: Wed Jan 8 23:44:51 2020
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$
-bash-4.2$ scp -rp .ssh [email protected]:`pwd`
計算節點2：
計算節點1是以root發送的，所以在計算節點1上都是root用戶屬主：
[root@computer1 ~]# chown -R nova:nova /var/lib/nova
（三）控制節點配置：
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
cheduler_default_filters=RetryFilter,AvailabilityZoneFilter,RamFilter,DiskF
ilter,ComputeFilter,ComputeCapabilitiesFilter,ImagePropertiesFilter,ServerG
roupAntiAffinityFilter,ServerGroupAffinityFilter
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-scheduler.service
[root@controller ~]# systemctl status openstack-nova-scheduler.service
（四）兩個計算節點配置：
[root@computer1 ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
allow_resize_to_same_host = True
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute.service
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl status openstack-nova-compute.service
（五）創建實體驗證
創建實體：
專案-實體-創建實體
管理員-實體-編輯實體-遷移實體-確認，
netstat -lntp #檢查是否有實體埠，確認實體遷移成功，
十六、定制云主機
（一）openstack新建云主機流程
流程圖：
下載鏡像存盤的位置：/var/lib/nova/instance/_base
（二）openstack定制云主機
思考：為什么基于同一個鏡像模板啟動的云主機，云主機的主機名和實體名稱一樣？
思考：為什么在控制節點上可以免密碼登陸我們的云主機？
思考：控制節點nova的組態檔中，需要配置下面紅色標記的兩行？
vi /etc/nova/nova.com
......
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
service_metadata_proxy = True
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET
思考：為什么neutron-metadata和dhcp-agent要配置以下內容？
vi /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
nova_metadata_ip = controller
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET
vi /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver
dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
enable_isolated_metadata = https://www.cnblogs.com/cuiyongchao007/p/True
[root@controller ~]# ssh [email protected]
$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys
$ curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
$ curl http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key/
$ ls .ssh/authorized_keys
.ssh/authorized_keys
$ ping 169.254.169.254
$ route -n
[root@controller ~]# ip netns #網路命名空間容器
qdhcp-df321bea-c8fd-4920-9a65-5f89bc036357 (id: 1)
qdhcp-dd7500f9-1cb1-42df-8025-a232ef90d54c (id: 0)
通過以下方式進入容器：
[root@controller ~]# ip netns exec qdhcp-df321bea-c8fd-4920-9a65-5f89bc036357 /bin/bash
[root@controller ~]# ifconfig
[root@controller ~]# route -n
[root@controller ~]# ip a
[root@controller ~]# netstat -lntp
[root@controller ~]# ps -ef | grep 19193
（三）定制云主機流程
十七、openstack三層網路vxlan
（一）問題思考
思考：為什么現在的公有云買的云主機，使用公網ip地址連接后，看到的卻是一個私網ip？
思考：公有云上每一個用戶都可以建立多個vpc網路，云廠商如何實作這么多vpc網路的隔離？
使用vlan的話，最多產生1-4094個隔離的網路
使用vxlan的話，最多產生4096*4096-2約等于1678萬個隔離的網路
（二）配置步驟
1、控制節點配置
①三層網路vxlan控制節點配置步驟1
為所有節點，增加一塊網卡，作為vxlan網路的隧道通信ip
[root@controller ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=eth2
DEVICE=eth2
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.16.1.11
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=172.16.1.254
DNS1=223.5.5.5
[root@controller ~]#ifup eth2
②三層網路vxlan控制節點配置步驟2
修改控制節點/etc/neutron/neutron.conf檔案
[DEFAULT]
...
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins =
修改為：
[root@controller ~]# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf
[DEFAULT]
core_plugin = ml2
service_plugins = router
allow_overlapping_ips = True
③三層網路vxlan控制節點配置步驟3
將/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini修改為
[DEFAULT]
[ml2]
type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan
tenant_network_types = vxlan
mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population
extension_drivers = port_security
[ml2_type_flat]
flat_networks = provider,net172_16
[ml2_type_geneve]
[ml2_type_gre]
[ml2_type_vlan]
[ml2_type_vxlan]
vni_ranges = 1:100000
[securitygroup]
enable_ipset = True
④三層網路vxlan控制節點配置步驟4
將/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini修改為
[DEFAULT]
[agent]
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:eth0,net172_16:eth1
[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = True
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = True
local_ip = 172.16.1.11
l2_population = True
⑤三層網路vxlan控制節點配置步驟5
將/etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini修改為
[DEFAULT]
interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.BridgeInterfaceDriver
external_network_bridge =
[AGENT]
啟動服務：
systemctl restart neutron-server.service neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service neutron-dhcp-agent.service neutron-metadata-agent.service
systemctl enable neutron-l3-agent.service
systemctl start neutron-l3-agent.service
2、計算節點配置
①三層網路vxlan計算節點配置步驟
將/etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini修改為
[DEFAULT]
[agent]
[linux_bridge]
physical_interface_mappings = provider:eth0,net172_16:eth1
[securitygroup]
enable_security_group = True
firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver
[vxlan]
enable_vxlan = True
local_ip = 172.16.1.31
l2_population = True
systemctl restart neutron-linuxbridge-agent.service
在控制節點查看：
[root@controller ~]# neutron agent-list
3、web界面操作
步驟1：修改oldboy外網為外部網路，管理員-網路-oldbly-編輯網路-修改為外部網路
步驟2：創建一個內部測驗網路，專案-網路-創建網路（test，192.168.1.0/24）
步驟3：開啟外部網路的路由功能，在computer1上：
[root@computer1 ~]# vim /etc/openstack-dashboard/local_settings
OPENSTACK_NEUTRON_NETWORK = {
'enable_router': True,
重啟apache：
[root@computer1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
步驟4：使用oldboy用戶創建一個網路，專案-網路-創建網路（test內部網路）
步驟5：使用oldboy用戶創建一個路由器，專案-網路-路由器（testr）,在路由器添加介面外部和內部介面，
步驟6:admin用戶創建兩個實體，使用內部網路創建，ping www.baidu.com
基于test網路創建的實體，在此種情況下，是不能被外界訪問的（10.0.0.0/24），
如果想被外界訪問，需要系結一個外界網路的一個浮動ip，在對應實體右面選擇系結浮動ip，通過浮動ip地址鏈接至實體虛擬機，
（三）網路原理圖：
查看網路容器：
ip netns
進入容器：
ip netns exec ... /bin/bash
查看地址情況：
ifconfig
十八、二次開發需要了解的
? openstack的api，遵循restful api的原則，呼叫api的本質就是發送一個http的請求，通過呼叫api，可以實作創建實體，洗掉實體，創建用戶，洗掉用戶，創建卷，洗掉卷等等操作學會了，openstack的api，就可以使用其他編程語言二次開發出一個dashboard和更多其他功能的定制關于restful api可以通過https://blog.csdn.net/hjc1984117/article/details/77334616了解更多
（一）token獲取
1、方法1
1:獲取token
方法1：
curl -i -X POST -H "Content-type: application/json" \
-d '{
"auth": {
"identity": {
"methods": [
"password"
],
"password": {
"user": {
"domain": {
"name": "default"
},
"name": "admin",
"password": "123456"
}
}
},
"scope": {
"project": {
"domain": {
"name": "default"
},
"name": "admin"
}
}
}
}' http://10.0.0.11:5000/v3/auth/tokens
2、方法2：
方法2：
openstack token issue|awk 'NR==5{print $4}’
（二）glance的api呼叫
查看glance鏡像串列（json化后查看更利于查看）
curl -H "X-Auth-Token:$token" -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://10.0.0.32:9292/v2/images
（三）洗掉glance鏡像
洗掉glance鏡像
獲取鏡像id：
openstack image list
洗掉鏡像：
curl -X DELETE -H "X-Auth-Token:$token" -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://10.0.0.32:9292/v2/images/160a5601-6092-445a-8e1b-fbb63e3c7434
（四）nova的api呼叫
nova的api呼叫
neutron net-list #獲取網路id
openstack flavor list #獲取實體id
openstack imge list
啟動一個實體：通過wireshake 抓web啟動實體的程序（tcp 8774埠 post動作的http）
curl -H "Content-Type:application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token:$token" -d '
{
"server": {
"name": "vvvvvvvvvvv",
"imageRef": "91d3c4d8-085d-45cc-9d4c-3cd89bf63e28",
"availability_zone": "nova",
"key_name": "mykey",
"flavorRef": "382ecb64-cbb6-43ba-bb84-b5d489a78845",
"OS-DCF:diskConfig": "AUTO",
"max_count": 1,
"min_count": 1,
"networks": [{
"uuid": "d35f62b8-dbfd-4804-8784-12e74e2fda9d"
}],
"security_groups": [{
"name": "e3430acf-6650-4ed2-8d67-aa10de80a78c"
}]
}
}' http://10.0.0.11:8774/v2.1/faa9a9bf8d524fd7932f49b82be953ff/servers
1、洗掉一個實體
洗掉一個實體：
nova list #獲取實體的ID
curl -X DELETE -H "Content-Type:application/json" -H "X-Auth-Token:$token" http://10.0.0.11:8774/v2.1/faa9a9bf8d524fd7932f49b82be953ff/servers/85d25f05-e683-4782-9da1-b0f45978f462 （后面跟的是實體的id）
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