決議 URP 教務系統， 創建查成績 APP ！

寫在前面

國慶在學校沒事干，正好某課程表的查成績功能又雙叕崩了，一怒之下把它卸載！（課程表功能推薦蘇大學長寫的 wakeup課程表，各大商店都有）

正好學了點 kotlin，開始了我的小白安卓開發之旅~

專案地址：Github：https://github.com/SukiEva/HHUGrades

APK下載：https://github.com/SukiEva/HHUGrades/releases

APK也可以在藍奏云下載：https://suki.lanzous.com/iIk7yh67eih 密碼:b9ez
歡迎 Star 和 Fork！

特別警告：

連接教務系統需在內網下，即連接校園網才能成功，
直接使用流量連接會卡死，請在校園網或校園VPN連接下使用該APP！

成果圖

（別問我為什么有的UI沒對齊，都是為了適配我自己的手機o(╥﹏╥)o

開始干活

宣告一下使用了哪些依賴，防止看代碼看不懂，很多操作通過已有的庫會簡化很多，

	implementation 'org.jsoup:jsoup:1.13.1'
    implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.9.0"
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.2.1'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.1.0'
    implementation "org.jetbrains.anko:anko:$anko_version"
    implementation 'androidx.gridlayout:gridlayout:1.0.0'
    implementation 'com.github.CymChad:BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper:3.0.4'

1、模擬登陸

模擬登陸和爬取資訊我之前用python的Requests庫寫過了，所以只是把相關換成了Java 的 okhttp 和 jsoup，

思路是通過okhttp請求驗證碼的鏈接，并記錄cookie，通過 bitmap 將圖片顯示在android上，

這部分我是看的 Android客戶端加載網站驗證碼（okHttp Jsoup）

網頁請求分析我就不介紹了，直接貼代碼：

// LoginActivity.kt
private fun loadingCaptchaPic() {
        //client = OkHttpClient()
        initJwxt()
        client = OkHttpClient().newBuilder()
            .cookieJar(object : CookieJar {
                //cookie的快取區
                private val cookieStore: HashMap<String, List<Cookie>> = HashMap()
                override fun saveFromResponse(url: HttpUrl, cookies: List<Cookie>) {
                    //添加cookie
                    cookieStore[url.host] = cookies
                    cookie = cookies[0].name + "=" + cookies[0].value
                }

                override fun loadForRequest(url: HttpUrl): List<Cookie> {
                    val cookies = cookieStore[url.host]
                    //當Request 連接到網路的時候，OkHttp會呼叫loadForRequest()
//                    if (cookies != null) {
//                        println("加載了cookie：" + cookies)
//                    }
                    return cookies ?: ArrayList()
                }
            }).build()

        val ImgUrl = homeUrl + "validateCodeAction.do"
        //加載驗證碼圖片代碼
        Thread(
            object : Runnable {
                var captchaPic: Bitmap? = null
                override fun run() {
                    try {
                        val request = Request.Builder()
                            .removeHeader("User-Agent")
                            .addHeader(
                                "User-Agent",
                                "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4209.2 Safari/537.36"
                            )
                            .url(ImgUrl)
                            .build()
                        val response = client!!.newCall(request).execute()
                        val `is`: InputStream = response.body!!.byteStream()
                        captchaPic = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(`is`)
                        checkCodePicture?.post({ checkCodePicture!!.setImageBitmap(captchaPic) })
                    } catch (e: Exception) {
                        e.printStackTrace()
                    }
                }
            }).start()
    }

因為我校有4個教務系統網址，有時候會隨機崩幾個，所以在請求之前還寫了個找到沒崩網址的方法：

// LoginActivity.kt
private fun initJwxt() {
        val headerMap = mapOf(
            "User-Agent" to "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4209.2 Safari/537.36"
        )
        var pos = 0
        var time = 0
        while (time < 15) {
            homeUrl = homeUrls[pos]
            try {
                Jsoup
                    .connect(homeUrl)
                    .headers(headerMap)
                    .ignoreContentType(true)
                    .ignoreHttpErrors(true)
                    .timeout(2000)
                    .execute()
                return
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                pos++
                if (pos > 3) pos = 0
            } finally {
                time++
            }
        }
        if (time >= 15) {
            alert("教務系統崩潰啦！！！[○･｀Д′･ ○]") { positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {} }
        }
        return
    }

驗證碼圖片搞定，然后就是 Post 過去就行了，okhttp開啟cookie后會自動保持，我們直接用同一個 client 就行：

（細心就會發現我里面還放了處理資訊的函式，會在下面介紹~）

// LoginActivity.kt
private fun ButtonClickHandler() {

        loginNum = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.loginNum).text.toString()
        loginPassword = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.loginPassword).text.toString()
        yzm = findViewById<EditText>(R.id.loginYzm).text.toString()
        when {
            loginNum.equals("") -> {
                alert("請填寫學號！￣へ￣") { positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {} }.show()
                return
            }
            loginPassword.equals("") -> {
                alert("請填寫密碼！(*￣︿￣)") { positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {} }.show()
                return
            }
            yzm.equals("") -> {
                alert("請填寫驗證碼！凸(艸皿艸 )") { positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {} }.show()
                return
            }
        }
		// android sharedpreferences 保存賬號密碼，可略過~
        if (rembox!!.isChecked) {
            val editor = sp!!.edit()
            editor.putString("uname", loginNum)
            editor.putString("upswd", loginPassword)
            editor.putBoolean("checkboxBoolean", true)
            editor.commit()
        } else {
            val editor = sp!!.edit()
            editor.putString("uname", null)
            editor.putString("upswd", null)
            editor.putBoolean("checkboxBoolean", false)
            editor.commit()
        }

        val LoginUrl = homeUrl + "loginAction.do"
        val requestbody: RequestBody = FormBody.Builder()
            .add("zjh", loginNum)
            .add("mm", loginPassword)
            .add("v_yzm", yzm)
            .build()
        try {
            val request = Request.Builder()
                .removeHeader("User-Agent")
                .addHeader(
                    "User-Agent",
                    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4209.2 Safari/537.36"
                )
                .url(LoginUrl)
                .post(requestbody)
                .build()
            val response = client!!.newCall(request).execute()
            val homehtml = response.body?.string()
            if (homehtml!!.contains("學分制綜合教務")) {
                val grades = GetGrades()
                val rank = GetRank()
                val datas = Datas(grades, rank)
                val intent:Intent
                if (this.flag)
                    intent = Intent(this, ShowResultsActivity::class.java)
                else
                    intent = Intent(this, ShowRankActivity::class.java)
                intent.putExtra("datas", datas)
                indeterminateProgressDialog("登錄中")
                startActivity(intent)
                finish()
            } else {
                alert("要不重試一下？…（⊙＿⊙；）…") {
                    title = "登錄失敗??????"
                    positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {}
                }.show()
                findViewById<EditText>(R.id.loginYzm).setText("")
                loadingCaptchaPic()
            }
        } catch (e: Exception) {    // 一般就是登錄失敗~
            e.printStackTrace()
            alert("要不重試一下？…（⊙＿⊙；）…") {
                title = "登錄失敗??????"
                positiveButton("?( 'ω' )? get！") {}
            }.show()
            findViewById<EditText>(R.id.loginYzm).setText("")
            loadingCaptchaPic()
        }
    }

相關 Layout 代碼建議查看原始碼，我貼一大堆也沒人想看~

2、爬取資訊

推薦另一個 獲取正方教務系統成績文章，我參考了一下，適配 URP 系統~

主要獲取成績資訊和排名資訊，同理 請求分析自行解決~

// LoginActivity.kt
fun GetGrades(): MutableList<List<String>>? {
        val GradesUrl = homeUrl + "bxqcjcxAction.do"
        try {
            val courses: MutableList<List<String>> = mutableListOf()
            val request = Request.Builder()
                .removeHeader("User-Agent")
                .addHeader(
                    "User-Agent",
                    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4209.2 Safari/537.36"
                )
                .url(GradesUrl)
                .build()
            val response = client!!.newCall(request).execute()
            val gradeshtml = response.body?.string()
            val parse = Jsoup.parse(gradeshtml)
            val trs = parse.getElementsByClass("odd")
            val tds = trs.tagName("td")
            val regex = Regex("[a-z\"]+", RegexOption.IGNORE_CASE)
            val regex2 = Regex("\\s+")
            for (td in tds) {
                val str = td.text().replace(regex, "")
                val course: MutableList<String> = str.split(regex2).toMutableList()
                val ncouse: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf()
                if (course.size >= 11) course.removeAt(3)
                ncouse.add(course[2])
                ncouse.add(course[8])
                ncouse.add("課程屬性：" + course[4])
                ncouse.add("學分：" + course[3])
                courses.add(ncouse)
            }
            return courses
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
            return null
        }
    }

    fun GetRank(): MutableList<String>? {
        val RankUrl = homeUrl + "reportFiles/bzrcx/jdpmcx.jsp?temp=1"
        try {
            val rankinfos: MutableList<String> = mutableListOf()
            val request = Request.Builder()
                .removeHeader("User-Agent")
                .addHeader(
                    "User-Agent",
                    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4209.2 Safari/537.36"
                )
                .url(RankUrl)
                .build()
            val response = client!!.newCall(request).execute()
            val rankhtml = response.body?.string()
            val parse = Jsoup.parse(rankhtml)
            val infos = parse.getElementsByClass("report1_1_3_1")
            for (info in infos) {
                rankinfos.add(info.text())
            }
            return rankinfos
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            e.printStackTrace()
            return null
        }
    }

3、相關 UI 設計

自己隨便寫了些，想美化的自己修改，代碼請去Github查看~

總結一下

資料獲取隨便寫，安卓Layout設計寫死人，珍愛生命，遠離安卓！