軟體實習專案2——貪吃喵（貓吃魚版貪吃蛇）（代碼實作）

類變數的定義以及類的初始化__init__

class CatWindow(QWidget):
    row = 0  # 行數
    column = 0  # 列數
    direction = 0  # 貓頭方向
    head_row = 0  # 貓頭的行
    head_column = 0  # 貓頭的列
    head_position = ''  # 貓頭位置
    coordinate = []  # 貓頭和魚骨的位置串列
    fish_row = 0  # 魚的行
    fish_column = 0  # 魚的列
    fish_position = ''  # 魚的位置
    score = 0  # 計分

    # 速度默認值為500
    speed = 500

    # 貓咪型別默認值是英短藍白
    head_pic = 'head.png'
    dead_pic = 'dead.png'

    # 設定幾個字體
    font1 = QtGui.QFont("Calibri", 20)
    font2 = QtGui.QFont("Calibri", 15)
    font3 = QtGui.QFont("Calibri", 13)
    font4 = QtGui.QFont("幼圓", 20)
    font5 = QtGui.QFont("幼圓", 13)

    # 所有按鈕都按照這個樣式
    buttons_style = "QPushButton{background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius:10px}" \
                    "QPushButton:hover{Background-color:qlineargradient(x1:0,y1:0,x2:0,y2:1,stop:0 #cdced1, stop:1 #f6f7fa);}" \
                    "QPushButton:pressed{Background-color:qlineargradient(x1:0,y1:0,x2:0,y2:1,stop:0 #f6f7fa, stop:1 #cdced1);}"

    # 初始化
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.setWindowTitle('貪吃喵')  # 視窗標題
        self.setStyleSheet('background-color:#deebf7')  # 游戲背景顏色
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('head.png'))  # 設定視窗圖示
        ctypes.windll.shell32.SetCurrentProcessExplicitAppUserModelID("myappid")  # 任務欄圖示
        self.resize(850, 850)  # 游戲視窗大小
        self.row = 12  # 行數
        self.column = 12  # 列數
        pygame.mixer.init()  # 初始化背景音樂
        self.GameStart()
        self.windowButton()
        self.timer = QTimer()  # 計時器
        self.timer.start(self.speed)  # 開始計時
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.moveCat)  # 超時即呼叫moveCat方法

一、游戲的邏輯

1、貓頭的生成

	# 隨機生成貓頭位置
    def head(self):
        self.backgroundMuisc()
        self.score = 0  # 分數清零
        self.coordinate.clear()  # 坐標清空
        self.head_row = random.randint(2, self.row - 2)  # 隨機選取貓頭的行
        self.head_column = random.randint(1, self.column - 2)  # 隨機選取貓頭的列
        self.coordinate = [str(self.head_row) + "," + str(self.head_column)]  # 把貓頭位置寫入坐標串列中
        self.fish()  # 呼叫生成魚的函式
        self.direction = random.randrange(0, 4)  # 隨機選擇方向
        self.update()

2、魚的生成

 	# 生成魚的位置
    def fish(self):
        while True:
            self.fish_row = random.randint(1, self.row - 1)  # 隨機選取魚的行
            self.fish_column = random.randint(0, self.column - 1)  # 隨機選取魚的列
            self.fish_position = str(self.fish_row) + "," + str(self.fish_column)
            # 若隨機生成的魚的位置不在貓頭和魚骨的坐標串列中，則回傳魚的位置，否則重新生成
            if self.fish_position not in self.coordinate:
                return self.fish_position  # 回傳魚的位置

3、貓頭和魚骨的移動

	# QTimer的timeout觸發的方法
    def moveCat(self):
        if self.direction == 0:
            self.head_row -= 1  # 貓頭的行數-1
        elif self.direction == 1:
            self.head_row += 1  # 貓頭的行數+1
        elif self.direction == 2:
            self.head_column -= 1  # 貓頭的列數-1
        elif self.direction == 3:
            self.head_column += 1  # 貓頭的列數+1
        
        # 貓頭位置
        self.head_position = str(self.head_row) + "," + str(self.head_column)

        # 1、若吃到魚了
        if self.head_position == self.fish_position:
            self.coordinate.insert(0, self.head_position)  # 魚骨位置不變，在串列最前面插入貓頭位置
            self.score += 10  # 每吃到一條魚就加10分
            self.fish()  # 生成魚

        # 2、若沒吃到魚
        else:
            # 若貓頭和魚骨沒有相撞且貓頭沒有出界
            if 1 <= self.head_row < self.row and 0 <= self.head_column < self.column and self.head_position not in self.coordinate[1:]:
                # 1）移動所有魚骨
                for i in range(len(self.coordinate) - 1, 0, -1):  # range函式的引數(start, stop, step)
                    self.coordinate[i] = self.coordinate[i - 1]  # 所有坐標等于它的前一個坐標(往前一個移動)
                # 2）更新貓頭位置
                self.coordinate[0] = self.head_position
            # 若貓頭和魚骨相撞或貓頭出界，則游戲結束
            else:
                self.GameOver(True)
                return

        self.update()

4、按下鍵盤，改變方向

# 按下鍵盤，改變方向
    def keyPressEvent(self, event):
        QWidget.keyPressEvent(self, event)
        key = event.key()
        # 1、按了↑
        if key == Qt.Key_W:
            self.direction = 0
        # 2、按了↓
        elif key == Qt.Key_S:
            self.direction = 1
        # 3、按了←
        elif key == Qt.Key_A:
            self.direction = 2
        # 4、按了→
        elif key == Qt.Key_D:
            self.direction = 3

二、主視窗的繪制

    # 繪制主視窗中的所有物體
    def paintEvent(self, event):
        QWidget.paintEvent(self, event)
        painter = QPainter(self)
        row_space = self.height() / self.row  # 行間距
        column_space = self.width() / self.column  # 列間距

        # 顯示背景圖片
        painter.drawImage(QRectF(0, 0, self.width(), self.height()), QImage('bg.jpg'))

        # 繪制行線和列線
        pen = QPen(QColor(255, 255, 255), 1, Qt.DotLine)  # 畫筆顏色、粗細、線型
        painter.setPen(pen)
        for n in range(self.row + 1):
            painter.drawLine(QPointF(0, row_space * n), QPointF(self.width(), row_space * n))
        for n in range(self.column + 1):
            painter.drawLine(QPointF(column_space * n, column_space), QPointF(column_space * n, self.height()))

        # 顯示分數
        text_painter = QPainter(self)
        text_pen = QPen(QColor(0, 0, 0))  # 畫筆顏色、粗細、線型
        text_painter.setPen(text_pen)
        text_painter.setFont(self.font1)
        text_painter.drawText(350, 50, 'Score: ' + str(self.score))

        # 畫貓頭、魚骨、魚
        index = 0  # 記錄coordinate的索引，為0時畫貓頭，大于0時畫魚骨
        for n in self.coordinate:
            row = int(n[:n.find(',')])
            column = int(n[n.find(',') + 1:])
            # 若貓頭沒出界且沒有與魚骨相撞，畫貓頭和魚骨
            if 1 <= self.head_row < self.row and 0 <= self.head_column < self.column and self.head_position not in self.coordinate[
                                                                                                                   1:]:
                # 貓頭
                if index == 0:
                    painter.drawImage(QRectF(column * column_space, row * row_space, column_space, row_space),
                                      QImage(self.head_pic))
                # 畫魚骨
                else:
                    painter.drawImage(QRectF(column * column_space, row * row_space, column_space, row_space),
                                      QImage('bone.png'))
                index += 1

            # 若貓頭出界了或與魚骨相撞，畫死亡貓頭和魚骨
            else:
                # 貓頭
                if index == 0:
                    painter.drawImage(QRectF(column * column_space, row * row_space, column_space, row_space),
                                      QImage(self.dead_pic))
                # 畫魚骨
                else:
                    painter.drawImage(QRectF(column * column_space, row * row_space, column_space, row_space),
                                      QImage('bone.png'))
                index += 1

        # 畫魚
        painter.drawImage(QRectF(self.fish_column * column_space, self.fish_row * row_space, column_space, row_space),
                          QImage('fish.png'))

三、游戲開始與結束界面，以及主視窗的按鈕

1、開始游戲

	# 開始游戲
    def GameStart(self):
        # 訊息框的大小和樣式
        message_box = QMessageBox()
        message_box.setStyleSheet('width: 500; height: 70')
        message_box.setWindowTitle('WELCOME')
        message_box.setFont(self.font4)
        message_box.setText("歡迎來到貪吃喵🐱")
        message_box.setWindowIcon(QIcon('head.png'))  # 設定訊息框圖示
        message_box.setStyleSheet('background-color:#deebf7')

        # click to start按鈕
        message_box.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Yes)
        yes = message_box.button(QMessageBox.Yes)
        yes.setText("Click to Start")
        yes.setFont(self.font2)
        yes.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)

        # 下拉框速度選項
        items = ['Speed:', 'Low', 'Middle', 'High']
        cb = QComboBox(message_box)
        cb.addItems(items)  # 添加下拉框選項
        cb.setGeometry(400, 5, 120, 40)
        cb.setFont(self.font3)
        cb.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius:10px')
        cb.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.speedChanging)  # 下拉框選項改變即觸發
        self.speedChanging(cb.currentIndex())  # 將下拉框此時的選項索引傳遞給speedChanging函式

        # 下拉框貓咪選項
        items = ['喵喵:', '英短藍白', '銀漸層', '橘貓', '奶牛貓', '三花貓']
        cb1 = QComboBox(message_box)
        cb1.addItems(items)  # 添加下拉框選項
        cb1.setGeometry(400, 50, 120, 40)
        cb1.setFont(self.font5)
        cb1.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-radius:10px')
        cb1.currentIndexChanged.connect(self.catChoosing)  # 下拉框選項改變即觸發
        self.catChoosing(cb1.currentIndex())  # 將下拉框此時的選項索引傳遞給speedChanging函式

        # 退出游戲開始訊息框，進入游戲主界面
        message_box.exec()
        self.show()
        self.backgroundMuisc()  # 調出背景音樂
        self.head()

2、游戲速度設定

	# GameStart方法中下拉框選項改變時呼叫的槽函式，用來設定速度
    def speedChanging(self, index):
        if index == 1:
            self.speed = 500
        elif index == 2:
            self.speed = 300
        elif index == 3:
            self.speed = 200

3、貓咪選項設定

	# GameStart方法中貓咪下拉框選項改變時呼叫的槽函式，用來選擇自己喜歡的貓咪
    def catChoosing(self, index):
        if index == 1:
            self.head_pic = 'head.png'
            self.dead_pic = 'dead.png'
        elif index == 2:
            self.head_pic = 'head1.png'
            self.dead_pic = 'dead1.png'
        elif index == 3:
            self.head_pic = 'head2.png'
            self.dead_pic = 'dead2.png'
        elif index == 4:
            self.head_pic = 'head3.png'
            self.dead_pic = 'dead3.png'
        elif index == 5:
            self.head_pic = 'head4.png'
            self.dead_pic = 'dead4.png'

4、結束游戲

	# 結束游戲
    def GameOver(self, gameover):
        pygame.mixer.music.stop()
        message_box = QMessageBox()
        message_box.setStyleSheet('width: 300; height: 70')
        message_box.setWindowTitle('END')
        message_box.setFont(self.font1)
        message_box.setWindowIcon(QIcon('head.png'))  # 設定訊息框圖示
        message_box.setWindowOpacity(0.75)  # 透明度
        if gameover:
            message_box.setText("Game Over!               Your Score: " + str(self.score))
        else:
            message_box.setText("YOU WIN!                Your Score: " + str(self.score))

        # 設定游戲結束訊息框的兩個按鈕
        message_box.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Retry | QMessageBox.Abort)
        retry = message_box.button(QMessageBox.Retry)
        retry.setText("Retry")
        retry.setFont(self.font2)
        retry.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        abort = message_box.button(QMessageBox.Abort)
        abort.setText("Exit")
        abort.setFont(self.font2)
        abort.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        abort.clicked.connect(QCoreApplication.instance().quit)  # 點擊此按鈕則退出程式
        message_box.exec()
        self.head()

5、視窗中的按鈕：暫停/開始、重來/退出

	# 視窗中的按鈕：暫停/開始、重來/退出
    def windowButton(self):
        # 暫停
        pause = QPushButton(self)
        pause.setGeometry(10, 10, 100, 50)
        pause.setText('Pause')
        pause.setFont(self.font3)
        pause.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        pause.show()
        pause.clicked.connect(self.windowPause)  # 點擊暫停按鈕則觸發windowPause方法
        # 繼續
        start = QPushButton(self)
        start.setGeometry(120, 10, 120, 50)
        start.setText('Continue')
        start.setFont(self.font3)
        start.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        start.show()
        start.clicked.connect(self.windowContinue)  # 點擊繼續按鈕則觸發windowContinue方法
        # 退出
        exit_button = QPushButton(self)
        exit_button.setGeometry(740, 10, 100, 50)
        exit_button.setText('Exit')
        exit_button.setFont(self.font3)
        exit_button.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        exit_button.show()
        exit_button.clicked.connect(QCoreApplication.instance().quit)  # 點擊退出按鈕則退出程式
        # 重新開始
        restart_button = QPushButton(self)
        restart_button.setGeometry(630, 10, 100, 50)
        restart_button.setText('Restart')
        restart_button.setFont(self.font3)
        restart_button.setStyleSheet(self.buttons_style)
        restart_button.show()
        restart_button.clicked.connect(self.head)  # 點擊重新開始則重新生成貓頭，游戲重新開始

    # 按下暫停按鈕后呼叫的方法
    def windowPause(self):
        self.timer.stop()  # 計時器暫停計時
        pygame.mixer.music.pause()  # 暫停播放音樂
        self.update()

    # 按下繼續按鈕后呼叫的方法
    def windowContinue(self):
        self.timer.start()  # 計時器重新開始計時
        pygame.mixer.music.unpause()
        self.update()

四、游戲背景音樂

	# 背景音樂
    def backgroundMuisc(self):
        pygame.mixer.music.load("bgmusic.mp3")
        pygame.mixer.music.set_volume(0.3)  # 設定音量
        pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)  # 回圈播放

——2020/12/16（殷越）