文章目錄
- 任務要求
- 軟硬體I2C
- AHT20測溫濕度
- 總結
任務要求
- 學習I2C總線通信協議,完成基于I2C硬體協議的AHT20溫濕度傳感器的資料采集,并將采集的溫度-濕度值通過串口輸出,
1)解釋什么是“軟體I2C”和“硬體I2C”;
2)編程實作:每隔2秒鐘采集一次溫濕度資料,并通過串口發送到上位機(win10),
軟硬體I2C
I2C Bus(Inter-Integrated Circuit Bus) 最早是由Philips半導體(現被NXP收購)開發的兩線時串行總線,常用于微控制器與外設之間的連接,
I2C協議規定,總線上資料的傳輸必須以一個起始信號作為開始條件,以一個結束信號作為傳輸的停止條件,起始和結束信號總是由主設備產生,
起始和結束信號產生條件:總線在空閑狀態時,SCL和SDA都保持著高電平,當SCL為高電平而SDA由高到低的跳變,表示產生一個起始條件;當SCL為高而SDA由低到高的跳變,表示產生一個停止條件,
在起始條件產生后,總線處于忙狀態,由本次資料傳輸的主從設備獨占,其他I2C器件無法訪問總線;而在停止條件產生后,本次資料傳輸的主從設備將釋放總線,總線再次處于空閑狀態,起始和結束如圖所示:
資料的傳輸的進行:

軟體I2C:
軟體I2C一般是用GPIO管腳,用軟體控制管腳狀態以模擬I2C通信波形,
軟體I2C:
硬體I2C對應芯片上的I2C外設,有相應I2C驅動電路,其所使用的I2C管腳也是專用的
AHT20測溫濕度
本工程改編自野火自帶例程串口通信4口,如下:

測溫濕度函式計算代碼如下:
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
//-------------
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
//--------------
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("失敗了");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("當前溫度為: %d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("\r\n");
printf("μ±?°êa?è?a: %d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
連接STM32開發板與AHT20的引腳為B6,B7,電源供電為5V.如下:
具體檔案需要main.c,delay.c,usart.c,i2c.c,sys.c
main.c檔案原始碼:
#include "delay.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "i2c.h"
int main(void)
{
delay_init();
uart_init(115200);
IIC_Init();
while(1)
{
printf("野火STM32指南者基于I2C協議的AHT20溫濕度傳感器開始測量:");
read_AHT20_once();
delay_ms(1500);
}
}
delay.c檔案原始碼:
#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h"
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h"
#endif
static u8 fac_us=0;
static u16 fac_ms=0;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
OSIntEnter();
OSTimeTick();
OSIntExit();
#endif
void delay_init()
{
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
u32 reload;
#endif
SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8);
fac_us=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
reload=SystemCoreClock/8000000;
reload*=1000000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
fac_ms=1000/OS_TICKS_PER_SEC;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk;
SysTick->LOAD=reload;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
#else
fac_ms=(u16)fac_us*1000;
#endif
}
#ifdef OS_CRITICAL_METHOD
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 ticks;
u32 told,tnow,tcnt=0;
u32 reload=SysTick->LOAD;
ticks=nus*fac_us;
tcnt=0;
told=SysTick->VAL;
while(1)
{
tnow=SysTick->VAL;
if(tnow!=told)
{
if(tnow<told)tcnt+=told-tnow;
else tcnt+=reload-tnow+told;
told=tnow;
if(tcnt>=ticks)break;
}
};
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
if(OSRunning==TRUE)
{
if(nms>=fac_ms)
{
OSTimeDly(nms/fac_ms);
}
nms%=fac_ms;
}
delay_us((u32)(nms*1000));
}
#else
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=nus*fac_us;
SysTick->VAL=0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{
u32 temp;
SysTick->LOAD=(u32)nms*fac_ms;
SysTick->VAL =0x00;
SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;
do
{
temp=SysTick->CTRL;
}
while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));
SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;
SysTick->VAL =0X00;
}
#endif
usart.c檔案原始碼:
#include "sys.h"
#include "usart.h"
#if SYSTEM_SUPPORT_UCOS
#include "includes.h"
#if 1
#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting)
struct __FILE
{
int handle;
};
FILE __stdout;
void _sys_exit(int x)
{
x = x;
}
int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{
while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//?-?··¢?í,?±μ?·¢?ííê±?
USART1->DR = (u8) ch;
return ch;
}
#endif
#if EN_USART1_RX
u8 USART_RX_BUF[USART_REC_LEN];
u16 USART_RX_STA=0;
void uart_init(u32 bound){
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1|RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING;
GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=3 ;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 3;
NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = bound;
USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;
USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{
u8 Res;
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC
OSIntEnter();
#endif
if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)
{
Res =USART_ReceiveData(USART1);//(USART1->DR);
if((USART_RX_STA&0x8000)==0)
{
if(USART_RX_STA&0x4000)
{
if(Res!=0x0a)USART_RX_STA=0;
else USART_RX_STA|=0x8000;
}
else
{
if(Res==0x0d)USART_RX_STA|=0x4000;
else
{
USART_RX_BUF[USART_RX_STA&0X3FFF]=Res ;
USART_RX_STA++;
if(USART_RX_STA>(USART_REC_LEN-1))USART_RX_STA=0;
}
}
}
}
#ifdef OS_TICKS_PER_SEC
OSIntExit();
#endif
}
#endif
i2c.c檔案原始碼:
#include "i2c.h"
#include "delay.h"
uint8_t ack_status=0;
uint8_t readByte[6];
uint8_t AHT20_status=0;
uint32_t H1=0; //Humility
uint32_t T1=0; //Temperature
uint8_t AHT20_OutData[4];
uint8_t AHT20sendOutData[10] = {0xFA, 0x06, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF};
void IIC_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd( RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE );
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6|GPIO_Pin_7;
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP ; //í?íìê?3?
GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
}
void IIC_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA=0;//START:when CLK is high,DATA change form high to low
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
IIC_SDA=0;//STOP:when CLK is high DATA change form low to high
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL=1;
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(4);
}
u8 IIC_Wait_Ack(void)
{
u8 ucErrTime=0;
SDA_IN();
IIC_SDA=1;delay_us(1);
IIC_SCL=1;delay_us(1);
while(READ_SDA)
{
ucErrTime++;
if(ucErrTime>250)
{
IIC_Stop();
return 1;
}
}
IIC_SCL=0;
return 0;
}
void IIC_Ack(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
//2?2úéúACKó|′e
void IIC_NAck(void)
{
IIC_SCL=0;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
}
void IIC_Send_Byte(u8 txd)
{
u8 t;
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL=0;
for(t=0;t<8;t++)
{
IIC_SDA=(txd&0x80)>>7;
txd<<=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
}
}
u8 IIC_Read_Byte(unsigned char ack)
{
unsigned char i,receive=0;
SDA_IN();
for(i=0;i<8;i++ )
{
IIC_SCL=0;
delay_us(2);
IIC_SCL=1;
receive<<=1;
if(READ_SDA)receive++;
delay_us(1);
}
if (!ack)
IIC_NAck();
else
IIC_Ack();
return receive;
}
void IIC_WriteByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t data,uint8_t device_addr)
{
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(data);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Stop();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
delay_ms(10);
else
delay_us(2);
}
uint16_t IIC_ReadByte(uint16_t addr,uint8_t device_addr,uint8_t ByteNumToRead)
{
uint16_t data;
IIC_Start();
if(device_addr==0xA0)
IIC_Send_Byte(0xA0 + ((addr/256)<<1));
else
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Send_Byte(addr&0xFF);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
IIC_Start();
IIC_Send_Byte(device_addr+1);
IIC_Wait_Ack();
if(ByteNumToRead == 1)
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
else
{
data=IIC_Read_Byte(1);
data=(data<<8)+IIC_Read_Byte(0);
}
IIC_Stop();//2úéúò???í£?1ì??t
return data;
}
void read_AHT20_once(void)
{
delay_ms(10);
startMeasure_AHT20();
delay_ms(80);
read_AHT20();
delay_ms(5);
}
void startMeasure_AHT20(void)
{
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x70);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("7-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0xAC);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("8-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x33);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("9-n-");
I2C_WriteByte(0x00);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
if(ack_status);
else printf("10-n-");
I2C_Stop();
}
void read_AHT20(void)
{
uint8_t i;
for(i=0; i<6; i++)
{
readByte[i]=0;
}
I2C_Start();
I2C_WriteByte(0x71);
ack_status = Receive_ACK();
readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte();
Send_ACK();
readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte();
SendNot_Ack();
//Send_ACK();
I2C_Stop();
if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 )
{
H1 = readByte[1];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2];
H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3];
H1 = H1>>4;
H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024;
T1 = readByte[3];
T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F;
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4];
T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5];
T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500;
AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF;
}
else
{
AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF;
AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF;
printf("失敗了");
}
printf("\r\n");
printf("當前溫度為: %d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10);
printf("\r\n");
printf("當前濕度為: %d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10);
printf("\r\n");
}
uint8_t Receive_ACK(void)
{
uint8_t result=0;
uint8_t cnt=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
while(READ_SDA && (cnt<100))
{
cnt++;
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
if(cnt<100)
{
result=1;
}
return result;
}
void Send_ACK(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
}
void SendNot_Ack(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_us(4);
}
void I2C_WriteByte(uint8_t input)
{
uint8_t i;
SDA_OUT();
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(5);
if(input & 0x80)
{
IIC_SDA = 1;
//delaymm(10);
}
else
{
IIC_SDA = 0;
//delaymm(10);
}
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(5);
input = (input<<1);
}
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_us(4);
SDA_IN();
delay_us(4);
}
uint8_t I2C_ReadByte(void)
{
uint8_t resultByte=0;
uint8_t i=0, a=0;
IIC_SCL = 0;
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(4);
for(i=0; i<8; i++)
{
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(3);
a=0;
if(READ_SDA)
{
a=1;
}
else
{
a=0;
}
//resultByte = resultByte | a;
resultByte = (resultByte << 1) | a;
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(3);
}
SDA_IN();
delay_ms(10);
return resultByte;
}
void set_AHT20sendOutData(void)
{
AHT20sendOutData[3] = AHT20_OutData[0];
AHT20sendOutData[4] = AHT20_OutData[1];
AHT20sendOutData[5] = AHT20_OutData[2];
AHT20sendOutData[6] = AHT20_OutData[3];
}
void I2C_Start(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 0;
delay_ms(4);
}
void I2C_Stop(void)
{
SDA_OUT();
IIC_SDA = 0;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SCL = 1;
delay_ms(4);
IIC_SDA = 1;
delay_ms(4);
}
sys.c檔案原始碼:
#include "sys.h"
void NVIC_Configuration(void)
{
NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
}
最后燒錄進STM32后,打開串口助手,顯示如下:
當朝著AHT20呼氣時,顯然溫度與濕度都上升了,說明測驗正確,
總結
參考來源:
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43202477/article/details/84823920
https://www.cnblogs.com/aaronLinux/p/6218660.html
https://blog.csdn.net/hhhhhh277523/article/details/111397514
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