1 串口助手最終成品效果

1.1 串口功能描述

檢測當前可用的通訊埠，如COM1、COM2、COM3、COM4等

配置埠號、波特率、資料位、校驗位、停止位引數

串口當前狀態，連接（打開）還是未連接（關閉）

發送默認是ASCII格式發送，可配置HEX 16進制格式，還有自動發送功能

接收默認是ASCII格式發送，可配置HEX 16進制格式，還有自動換行、顯示接收時間功能

具有打開埠open、停止埠close、清空接收clear等功能

1.2 串口接收資料顯示圖

啟動嵌入式Linux系統串口接收顯示資料界面

1.3 串口發送資料顯示圖

輸入 ifconfig 命令查看IP地址等資訊界面

2 專案編程代碼詳解

2.1 專案框架

2.2 工程配置 serial.pro

注意：添加serialport，即 QT += core gui serialport

QT       += core gui serialport

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

SOURCES += \
    main.cpp \
    serial.cpp

HEADERS += \
    serial.h

FORMS += \
    serial.ui

RC_ICONS = system.ico

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

2.3 設計布局 serial.ui

2.4 串口頭檔案 serial.h （包含詳細注釋）

#ifndef SERIAL_H
#define SERIAL_H

#include <QMainWindow>

/*-------------user-------------------*/
/*---port--*/
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QSerialPortInfo>
/*---QString--*/
#include <QString>
/*---QDateTime--*/
#include <QDateTime>
/*---QTimer--*/
#include <QTimer>
/*---QDebug--*/
#include <QDebug>
#define cout qDebug() << "[" << __FILE__ << ":" << __LINE__ << "]"
/* -----------------------------------*/

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class Serial; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class Serial : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    Serial(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~Serial();

signals:    //自定義信號
    //發送使能信號
    void my_send_signals(bool);

private slots:  //自定義槽函式
    //檢測通訊埠槽函式
    void btn_serial_check(bool);
    //打開選擇埠槽函式
    void btn_open_port(bool);
    //關閉選擇埠槽函式
    void btn_close_port(bool);
    //發送資料槽函式
    void btn_send_data(bool);
    //接收資料槽函式
    void receive_data(void);
    //清空接收槽函式
    void btn_clear_rev(bool);

    //自動發送復選框槽函式
    void on_checkBox_stateChanged(int arg1);

private:
    Ui::Serial *ui;
    /*--------funtion---------------------*/
    //用戶系統初始化
    void system_init();
    //字串轉16進制
    QByteArray QString2Hex(QString str);
    //字符轉16進制
    char ConvertHexChar(char ch);
    /*--------variable--------------------*/
    //串口全域類宣告
    QSerialPort global_port;
    //自動發送定時器宣告
    QTimer *timer;
};
#endif // SERIAL_H

2.5 串口源代碼 serial.cpp（包含詳細注釋）

#include "serial.h"
#include "ui_serial.h"

Serial::Serial(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Serial)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    /*----------user-----------*/
    //init 用戶系統初始化
    system_init();
}

Serial::~Serial()
{
    delete ui;
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------
 *             funtion
 * --------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//用戶系統初始化
void Serial::system_init()
{
    //port conifg
    ui->cmd_port_name->clear();
    //通過QSerialPortInfo查找可用串口
    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
    {
        //將可用串口添加到埠顯示框
        ui->cmd_port_name->addItem(info.portName());
    }

    //設定串口狀態標簽為紅色 表示未連接狀態
    ui->lab_status->setStyleSheet("color:red");
    //statusBar 狀態欄顯示埠狀態 未連接
    QString sm = "%1 CLOSED";
    QString status = sm.arg(ui->cmd_port_name->currentText());
    ui->statusBar->showMessage(status);
    ui->statusBar->setStyleSheet("color:red");

    //timer 自動發送
    timer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(timer,&QTimer::timeout,[=](){
        emit my_send_signals(true); //觸發發送信號
    });


    //connect
    //check port 檢測通訊埠
    connect(ui->btn_serial,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Serial::btn_serial_check);
    //open port 打開選擇埠
    connect(ui->btn_open,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Serial::btn_open_port);
    //close port 關閉選擇埠
    connect(ui->btn_close,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Serial::btn_close_port);

    //send data 發送按鈕 觸發發送信號
    connect(ui->btn_send,&QPushButton::clicked,[=](){
        emit my_send_signals(true);
    });
    //發送信號   發送槽函式
    connect(this,&Serial::my_send_signals,this,&Serial::btn_send_data);

    //receive data 串口資料接收完觸發更新添加顯示接收文本框
    connect(&global_port,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&Serial::receive_data);
    //clear recevie 清除接收文本框的內容
    connect(ui->btn_clear,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&Serial::btn_clear_rev);

}

//字串轉16進制
QByteArray Serial::QString2Hex(QString str)
{
    QByteArray senddata;
    int hexdata,lowhexdata;
    int hexdatalen = 0;
    int len = str.length();

    senddata.resize(len/2);
    char lstr,hstr;

    for(int i=0; i<len; )
    {
        hstr=str[i].toLatin1();
        if(hstr == ' ')
        {
            i++;
            continue;
        }
        i++;
        if(i >= len)
            break;
        lstr = str[i].toLatin1();
        hexdata = ConvertHexChar(hstr);
        lowhexdata = ConvertHexChar(lstr);
        if((hexdata == 16) || (lowhexdata == 16))
            break;
        else
            hexdata = hexdata*16+lowhexdata;
        i++;
        senddata[hexdatalen] = (char)hexdata;
        hexdatalen++;
    }
    senddata.resize(hexdatalen);
    return senddata;
}
//字符轉16進制
char Serial::ConvertHexChar(char ch)
{
    if((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9'))
        return ch-0x30;
    else if((ch >= 'A') && (ch <= 'F'))
        return ch-'A'+10;
    else if((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'f'))
        return ch-'a'+10;
    else return (-1);
}

/*---------------------------------------------------------------------
 *             slots
 * --------------------------------------------------------------------*/
//檢測通訊埠槽函式
void Serial::btn_serial_check(bool)
{
    ui->cmd_port_name->clear();
    //通過QSerialPortInfo查找可用串口
    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
    {
        ui->cmd_port_name->addItem(info.portName());
    }
}

//打開選擇埠槽函式
void Serial::btn_open_port(bool)
{
    //port name 設定埠
    global_port.setPortName(ui->cmd_port_name->currentText());
    //baud rate 設定波特率
    global_port.setBaudRate(ui->cmd_baud_rate->currentText().toInt());
    //parity 設定校驗位
    switch (ui->cmd_parity->currentIndex()) {
    case 0:     //無校驗
        global_port.setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
        break;
    case 1:     //偶校驗
        global_port.setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
        break;
    default:    //奇校驗
        global_port.setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
        break;
    }

    //data bits 設定資料位
    switch (ui->cmd_data_bits->currentText().toInt()) {
    case 8:
        global_port.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
        break;
    case 7:
        global_port.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);
        break;
    case 6:
        global_port.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);
        break;
    default:
        global_port.setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);
        break;
    }

    //stop bits 設定停止位
    switch (ui->cmd_stop_bits->currentIndex()) {
    case 0:
        global_port.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
        break;
    case 1:
        global_port.setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneAndHalfStop);
        break;
    default:
        global_port.setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);
        break;
    }

    //port open 打開選擇埠
    bool ret = global_port.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite);

    if(ret){
        //打開成功更新狀態
        ui->lab_status->setText("Connected");
        //設定串口狀態標簽為綠色 表示已連接狀態
        ui->lab_status->setStyleSheet("color:green");

        //statusBar 狀態欄顯示埠狀態
        QString sm = "%1 OPENED, %2, 8, NONE, 1";
        QString status = sm.arg(global_port.portName()).arg(global_port.baudRate());
        ui->statusBar->showMessage(status);
        ui->statusBar->setStyleSheet("color:green");
    }
}

//關閉選擇埠槽函式
void Serial::btn_close_port(bool)
{

    global_port.close();

    //關閉埠后顯示狀態
    ui->lab_status->setText("DisConnected");
    ui->lab_status->setStyleSheet("color:red");

    //statusBar 狀態欄顯示埠狀態
    QString sm = "%1 CLOSED";
    QString status = sm.arg(global_port.portName());
    ui->statusBar->showMessage(status);
    ui->statusBar->setStyleSheet("color:red");
}

//發送資料槽函式
void Serial::btn_send_data(bool)
{
    QString data = ui->pte_send->toPlainText();
    QByteArray array;

    //Hex復選框
    if(ui->chk_send_hex->checkState() == Qt::Checked){
        array = QString2Hex(data);  //HEX 16進制
    }else{
        array = data.toLatin1();    //ASCII
    }
    global_port.write(array);   //發送資料
}

//接收資料槽函式
void Serial::receive_data(void)
{
    QByteArray array = global_port.readAll();
    QString str_rev;

    if(ui->chk_rev_hex->checkState() == Qt::Checked){   //HEX 16進制
        if(ui->chk_rev_line->checkState() == Qt::Checked){  //自動換行
            if(ui->chk_rev_time->checkState() == Qt::Checked){  //顯示時間
                //獲取當前系統時間
                QDateTime nowtime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
                //時間轉換為字串格式
                str_rev = "[" + nowtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss") + "] ";
                //加上接收資料 轉換為16進制并空格分開 接收資料換行
                str_rev += QString(array.toHex(' ').toUpper().append(' ')).append("\r\n");
            }else{
                str_rev = QString(array.toHex(' ').toUpper().append(' ')).append("\r\n");
            }
        }else{
            str_rev = QString(array.toHex(' ').toUpper().append(' '));
        }

    }else{
        if(ui->chk_rev_line->checkState() == Qt::Checked){
            if(ui->chk_rev_time->checkState() == Qt::Checked){
                QDateTime nowtime = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
                str_rev = "[" + nowtime.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss") + "] ";
                str_rev += QString(array).append("\r\n");
            }else{
                str_rev = QString(array).append("\r\n");
            }
        }else{
            str_rev = QString(array);
        }

    }

    ui->pte_rcv->insertPlainText(str_rev);
}

//清空接收文本框槽函式
void Serial::btn_clear_rev(bool)
{
    ui->pte_rcv->clear();
}

//自動觸發復選框  啟動定時器和停止定時器
void Serial::on_checkBox_stateChanged(int arg1)
{
    if(arg1){
        timer->start(ui->spinBox->value()); //啟動定時器
    }else{
        timer->stop();  //停止定時器
    }
}

2.6 主函式入口 main.cpp

#include "serial.h"

#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    Serial w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}