一、官網
- 首頁：http://nginx.org/
- 下載地址：http://nginx.org/download
- 安裝檔案：http://nginx.org/en/docs/install.html
- 安裝配置引數：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
二、Nginx版本型別
訪問http://nginx.org/download/得到如下的網頁
從上面可以看出Nginx官網提供了三個型別的版本
- Mainline version：Mainline是Nginx目前主力在做的版本,開發版，
- Stable version：最新穩定版,生產環境上建議使用的版本，
- Legacy versions：遺留的老的穩定版，
我們安裝的時候注意在官網選擇安裝最近的Stable的版本，這里我們選擇的是nginx-1.18.0，
三、安裝方式
原始碼編譯安裝
四、安裝Nginx運行所需要的依賴庫
gcc
pcre
zlib
openssl
- 安裝gcc
gcc是Linux下的編譯器，它可以編譯C、C++、Ada、Object C和Java等語言，這里是nginx編譯需要，
# yum -y install gcc
- 安裝pcre
pcre是一個perl庫，Nginx的HTTP模塊使用pcre來決議正則運算式，進行重定向支持，
# yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
- 安裝zlib
zlib是一個檔案壓縮和解壓縮的庫，Nginx使用zlib對HTTP資料包進行gzip壓縮和解壓，
# yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
- 安裝openssl
openssl是一個來進行安全通信的類別庫，Nginx需要依賴openssl來支撐對https的支持，
# yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
- 查看依賴類別庫安裝情況
# rpm -qa gcc*
gcc-8.3.1-5.el8.0.2.x86_64
# rpm -qa pcre*
pcre-utf16-8.42-4.el8.x86_64
pcre2-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
pcre-8.42-4.el8.x86_64
pcre-utf32-8.42-4.el8.x86_64
pcre-cpp-8.42-4.el8.x86_64
pcre2-utf32-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
pcre2-devel-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
pcre-devel-8.42-4.el8.x86_64
pcre2-utf16-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
# rpm -qa zlib*
zlib-devel-1.2.11-16.el8_2.x86_64
zlib-1.2.11-16.el8_2.x86_64
# rpm -qa openssl*
openssl-1.1.1c-15.el8.x86_64
openssl-pkcs11-0.4.10-2.el8.x86_64
openssl-libs-1.1.1c-15.el8.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.1.1c-15.el8.x86_64
五、安裝nginx
- 下載Nginx安裝包
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
- 解壓Nginx安裝包
# tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
- 配置并檢查編譯環境（configure）
具體的配置引數看這里
需要強調的引數
--prefix=path
defines a directory that will keep server files. This same directory will also be used for all relative paths set by configure (except for paths to libraries sources) and in the nginx.conf configuration file. It is set to the /usr/local/nginx directory by default.
這是設定Nginx安裝路徑的引數，在nginx.conf組態檔中，配置設定的所有相對路徑(庫源路徑除外)也將使用同一個目錄，
默認設定為/usr/local/nginx目錄，需要修改Nginx安裝目錄的可以通過設定這個引數來達到目的，
我這里使用默認的目錄，不設定該引數，
--with-http_ssl_module
enables building a module that adds the HTTPS protocol support to an HTTP server. This module is not built by default. The OpenSSL library is required to build and run this module.
添加HTTPS協議支持模塊，該模塊默認不參與編譯構建，需要手動開啟，
由于目前主流的網站都支持Https協議，所以這里開啟該模塊，
# pwd
/soft/nginx-1.18.0
# ls
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE Makefile man objs README src
# ./configure --with-http_ssl_module
執行./configure *** 命令后終端上會有些輸出，
輸出的資訊里會包含依賴的組件是否完整，如果不完整則需要另行安裝，
輸出的資訊里會包含組態檔目錄資訊，日志檔案目錄資訊等一些很重要的我們做運維依賴的資訊，
# ./configure --with-http_ssl_module
# 省略若干行
Configuration summary
+ using system PCRE library
+ using system OpenSSL library
+ using system zlib library
nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
nginx modules path: "/usr/local/nginx/modules"
nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"
- 編譯（make）
# make
# 省略若干行
sed -e "s|%%PREFIX%%|/usr/local/nginx|" \
-e "s|%%PID_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid|" \
-e "s|%%CONF_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf|" \
-e "s|%%ERROR_LOG_PATH%%|/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log|" \
< man/nginx.8 > objs/nginx.8
make[1]: Leaving directory `/soft/nginx-1.18.0'
- 安裝（make install）
# make install
- Nginx安裝目錄下啟動Nginx
# cd /usr/local/nginx/
# ls
conf html logs sbin
# sbin/nginx
- 測驗Nginx啟動
- 通過
curl的方式
# curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
- 通過瀏覽器的方式
在瀏覽器地址欄輸入Nginx所在主機的IP，出現如下界面表示安裝啟動成功，
- Nginx的行程
# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 1253 1 0 10:54 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process ./nginx
nobody 1254 1253 0 10:54 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 1267 56707 0 10:54 pts/4 00:00:00 grep nginx
可以看到Nginx的master和worker行程
- 配置Nginx環境變數
# vim /etc/profile
# set nginx environment
export NGINX_HOME=/usr/local/src/nginx
export PATH=${NGINX_HOME}/sbin:$PATH
# source /etc/profile
驗證環境變數是否生效
# pwd
/soft
# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
- nginx 命令列
- 幫助命令
# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]
Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /usr/local/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file
- 啟動
# nginx
- 重啟
# nginx -s reload
- 關閉
# nginx -s stop
或者查行程號之后 kill -9 pid，
星辰大海，點滴為途，
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