unity Camera相機組件 和 cinemachine 功能實作 鏡頭角度旋轉、平移、縮放、位置重置、自動避障、多攝像機切換等功能相關設定技巧

本文中的功能是unity 使用 camera 組件 和 cinemachine camera組件分別實作的，還未寫完，有空繼續更新

多個攝像機平滑切換

使用組件：FreeLocckCam
當場景中存在多個虛擬相機時，關閉當前的主虛擬相機，就會平滑切換到所有開啟狀態中priority值比較高的相機，也就是說當關閉一個相機，并同時開啟一個相機時，鏡頭就會平滑平移過去，

//先停再開，可以在權值相同且同時開啟的情況下切換相機
camerObject.SetActive (false)
camerObject.SetActive (true)

在inspector中能設定切換速度和平滑曲線

重置 鏡頭視角

使用組件：FreeLocckCam

public void ResetCamera(){
	// 重置角度
	//將binding mode改為LockToTargetWithWorldUp
	freeLookCam.PreviousStateIsValid = false;
	freeLookCam.m_XAxis.Value = 0;
	freeLookCam.m_YAxis.Value = 0.5f;
	//如果X軸位置有問題，請查看heading>bias值
	// 重置視距
	this.mainCineCamera.m_Lens.OrthographicSize = this.defaultViewScale;
	this.mainCineCamera.m_Lens.FieldOfView = this.defaultViewScale;
	// 重置位置
	this.mainCineCamera.LookAt.tansform = this.LookAtDefaultPos;
	this.mainCineCamera.Follow.transform = this.followDefalutPos;
}

使用組件：Camera

public void ResetCamera(){
	// 重置視距
	this.Camera.main.OrthographicSize = this.defaultViewScale;
	this.Camera.main.FieldOfView = this.defaultViewScale;
	// 重置位置
	this.Camera.main.tansform.position = this.defaultPos;
	this.Camera.main.tansform.rotation = this.defaultRot;
}

旋轉視角

使用組件：FreeLocckCam

	public float rotateAxisSpeed_x = 3f;
    public float rotateAxisSpeed_y = 3f;
    public void RotateAxis(float x, float y)
    {
        mainCineCamera.m_XAxis.m_InputAxisValue = x * rotateAxisSpeed_x;
        mainCineCamera.m_YAxis.m_InputAxisValue = y * rotateAxisSpeed_y;
    }

平移視角

使用組件：Camera

    public float moveSpeedXY = 10f;
    // 以前后移動速度
    public float moveSpeedZ = 60f;

    void Update()
    {
        // 獲取水平及滾輪按鍵值 區間為 0-1f
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        float mouse = Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel");
        //呼叫平移的方法
        transform.Translate(new Vector3(h * moveSpeedXY, v * moveSpeedXY, mouse * moveSpeedZ) * Time.deltaTime, Space.Self);
    }

使用組件：FreeLocckCam
使用這個組件有兩種情況：

1 有跟隨無目標的情況

這個實作比較簡單，只需要設定 Follow物體的平移位置即可，

2 有跟隨有目標的情況

有跟隨目標代表環顧功能和平移功能需要共存，由于相機移動時始終面向目標，所以平移時不會是鏡頭角度平移，所以需要先保證follow的物體與camera的rotation保持方向一致才行，注意以下實作的效果是，平移程序結束才能環顧，是一個比較笨的方法

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Cinemachine;
public class CameraController: MonoBehaviour
{
    // 上下左右的移動速度
    public float moveSpeedXY = 10f;
    // 以前后移動速度
    public float moveSpeedZ = 60f;
    public CinemachineFreeLook freeLook;
    private bool isCameraMoving = false;
    Vector3 defaultPos;
    Vector3 defaultRot;
    void Update()
    {
        // 獲取水平及滾輪按鍵值 區間為 0-1f
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        float mouse = Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel");
        if (h + v != 0f)
        {
            //呼叫平移的方法
            if (!isCameraMoving)
            {
                // 獲取移動前的偏移
                defaultPos = Camera.main.transform.position - transform.position;
                defaultRot = Camera.main.transform.rotation.eulerAngles - transform.rotation.eulerAngles;
                // 關閉組件避免死回圈
                freeLook.gameObject.SetActive(false);
                isCameraMoving = true;
            }
            // 平移鏡頭
            Camera.main.transform.Translate(new Vector3(h * moveSpeedXY, v * moveSpeedXY, mouse * moveSpeedZ) * Time.deltaTime, Space.Self);

        }
        else
        {
            if (isCameraMoving)
            {
                // 重置跟隨和瞄準目標位置與主攝像機對齊
                transform.position = Camera.main.transform.position - defaultPos;
                transform.eulerAngles = Camera.main.transform.rotation.eulerAngles - defaultRot;
                // 啟動freelook
                freeLook.gameObject.SetActive(true);
                isCameraMoving = false;
            }
        }
    }
}

更簡單合理的實作方法是: 讓lookat目標與相機的rotation保持一致，然后讓相機的follow目標跟隨lookat目標，當平移時，只需移動lookat目標物體即可

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using Cinemachine;
public class ViewControl : MonoBehaviour
{
    // 上下左右的移動速度
    public float moveSpeedXY = 10f;
    // 以前后移動速度
    public float moveSpeedZ = 60f;
    public CinemachineFreeLook freeLook;
    void Update()
    {
        // 
        freeLook.LookAt.transform.eulerAngles = new Vector3(0f, Camera.main.transform.rotation.eulerAngles.y, 0f);
        // 獲取水平及滾輪按鍵值 區間為 0-1f
        float h = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float v = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
        float mouse = Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel");
        if (h + v != 0f)
        {
            freeLook.LookAt.transform.Translate(new Vector3(h * moveSpeedXY, mouse * moveSpeedZ, v * moveSpeedXY) * Time.deltaTime, Space.Self);
        }
    }
}

縮放視角

使用組件：camera

private float currentViewScale;
public float scaleSpeed = 10.0f;
public float scaleMinScale = 1.0f;
public float scaleMaxScale = 150.0f;
void Start() {
        // for camera view scale
        this.currentViewScale = Camera.main.orthographic?Camera.main.OrthographicSize:Camera.main.FieldOfView;
    }
    
void Update(){
		this.currentViewScale += Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel") * 	this.scaleSpeed;
        this.currentViewScale = Mathf.Clamp(this.currentViewScale, this.minScale, this.maxScale);
        if (Camera.main.orthographic)
        {
            Camera.main.OrthographicSize = this.currentViewScale;
        }
        else
        {
            Camera.main.FieldOfView = this.currentViewScale;
        }
  }

使用組件：cinemachine

private float currentViewScale;
public float scaleSpeed = 10.0f;
public float scaleMinScale = 1.0f;
public float scaleMaxScale = 150.0f;
void Start() {
        // for camera view scale
        this.currentViewScale = Camera.main.orthographic? mainCineCamera.m_Lens.OrthographicSize:this.currentViewScale = mainCineCamera.m_Lens.FieldOfView;
    }
    
void Update(){
		this.currentViewScale += Input.GetAxis("Mouse ScrollWheel") * 	this.scaleSpeed;
        this.currentViewScale = Mathf.Clamp(this.currentViewScale, this.minScale, this.maxScale);
        if (Camera.main.orthographic == true)
        {
            this.mainCineCamera.m_Lens.OrthographicSize = this.currentViewScale;
        }
        else
        {
            this.mainCineCamera.m_Lens.FieldOfView = this.currentViewScale;
        }
  }

自動繞過障礙物

使用組件：FreeLocckCam

1. 虛擬相機需添加 cinemachine collider組件
2. 在 cinemachine collider 設定作用層
3. 在 cinemachine collider 可以設定鏡頭繞物的方式，距離，數量，和平滑度等等