Docker的常用命令
幫助命令
docker version 顯示docker的版本資訊
docker info 顯示docker的系統資訊
docker help 顯示docker的引數
Docker的官方檔案：https://docs.docker.com/engine/
鏡像命令
查看當前鏡像
[root@lin ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 13 months ago 13.3kB
#解釋：
REPOSITORY 鏡像的倉庫源
Tag 標簽
IMAGE ID 鏡像ID
CREATED 創建時間
SIZE 大小
#可選項
[root@lin ~]# docker images --help
-a, --all 查看所有鏡像
-q, --quiet 查看鏡像ID
docker搜索命令
[root@lin ~]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10466 [OK]
指定版本下載
[root@lin ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql a076a628af6f: Already exists f6c208f3f991: Already exists 88a9455a9165: Already exists 406c9b8427c6: Already exists 7c88599c0b25: Already exists 25b5c6debdaf: Already exists 43a5816f1617: Already exists 1831ac1245f4: Pull complete 37677b8c1f79: Pull complete 27e4ac3b0f6e: Pull complete 7227baa8c445: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b3d1eff023f698cd433695c9506171f0d08a8f92a0c8063c1a4d9db9a55808df Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7 # docker pull mysql 等于 docker.io/library/mysql:latest
匯出鏡像 and 匯入鏡像
#匯出 docker save -o busybox.tar busybox:latest 或 docker save > busybox01.tar busybox:latest #匯入 docker load -i busybox.tar 或 docker load < busybox.tar ###### PS：這里使用帶引數的命令匯出，盡量使用對于帶引數的命令匯入
容器命令
容器命令的基礎是建立在鏡像之上 的
我們下載一個centos鏡像
docker pull centos
創建容器
docker create -it --name test busybox:latest sh
新建容器并啟動
docker run 【可選引數】 images 引數： --name=xx ： 容器名稱 -d： 后臺運行 -it： 互動方式，偽終端 -p： 指定容器埠 8080主機端:8080容器段 -p 容器埠 -P： 隨機映射埠 #創建一臺名稱為a1的centos主機，登錄使用sh命令 [root@lin ~]# docker run -itd --name a1 centos:latest sh 4584d81270ea66ddaf1663db158f482865be63c6f4b187ae8ea94a2b42769bd8 [root@lin ~]# docker exec -it a1 sh sh-4.4# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr sh-4.4# exit #退出容器Ctrl+d也可以 exit [root@lin ~]#
查看容器
#docker ps命令 引數： -a 當前所有容器 -n 1 顯示最近創建的幾個，默認顯示1 -q 顯示ID -s 顯示大小 [root@lin ~]# docker ps #查看正在運行的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 4584d81270ea centos:latest "sh" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes a1 [root@lin ~]# docker ps -as CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES SIZE 4584d81270ea centos:latest "sh" 7 minutes ago Up 7 minutes a1 14B (virtual 209MB) 94082dde1104 centos "bash" 11 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago recursing_aryabhata 0B (virtual 209MB) 81e87e0dddcb bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago happy_ramanujan 0B (virtual 13.3kB)
洗掉容器
docker rm 容器ID 洗掉容器，不能洗掉在運行中的容器，如果需要洗掉 -f強制 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 洗掉所有容器 docker rm -aq | axrgs docker rm -f 洗掉所有容器
啟動容器 and 停止容器
docker stop ID #啟動 docker restart ID #重啟 docker stop ID #停止 docker kill ID #殺死
將容器制作成鏡像
docker run -itd --name centos centos:8 sh docker exec -it centos sh sh-4.4# yum -y install nginx sh-4.4# nginx sh-4.4# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 13:51 pts/0 00:00:00 sh root 12 0 0 13:54 pts/1 00:00:00 sh root 110 0 0 13:55 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx sh-4.4# curl 127.0.0.1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux</title> sh-4.4# exit [root@lin ~]# docker commit -m 'ng' -a 'lin' centos centos.nginx.tar sha256:9b8912f7716ae063f96f996611b752e7a6b6286a00b614cc0667fd358025b4e4 -m:描述 -a：作者 容器名稱 鏡像名稱
docker日志的查看
[root@lin ~]# docker logs a1 sh-4.4# exit sh-4.4# exit sh-4.4# exit #常用引數 -f, --follow #顯示日志 -t, --timestamps #顯示時間戳 [root@lin ~]# docker logs -ft a1 2021-02-05T04:01:35.128760582Z sh-4.4# exit 2021-02-05T04:01:41.500899867Z sh-4.4# exit 2021-02-05T04:01:51.404994752Z sh-4.4# exit #查看一行 [root@lin ~]# docker logs -ft --tail 1 a1 2021-02-05T04:01:51.404994752Z sh-4.4# exit
docker行程的查看
[root@lin ~]# docker top 897 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 74091 74075 0 16:30 pts/0 00:00:00 sh
docekr元資料的查看
#查看docker容器a1的元資料 [root@lin ~]# docker inspect a1 [ { "Id": "66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6", "Created": "2021-02-05T04:01:20.073183239Z", "Path": "sh", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "exited", "Running": false, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 0, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2021-02-05T04:01:41.846430128Z", "FinishedAt": "2021-02-05T04:01:51.405660547Z" }, "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55", "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6/66fa2e853870af06f32c166c6c75280db4d728c31502ca63bc848dfc96d613a6-json.log", "Name": "/a1", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/5ead7fb0234a638b1f4c8ece5572cd7e34d0e7b410face8bc0c83a670cd92736/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ecf96d9788e18375d3db3cb0f6f476bba8af71fc1101b44e4ec84962cbb3734e/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "66fa2e853870", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "sh" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "836ea0ff6c93e7f368b31917f27dcf79d7f00e02f6821e13f750697f0c262eb5", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/836ea0ff6c93", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "2ca8ec3eb55c3034230866255d65f988376c95ddf492a9a074b4fd60b94eb594", "EndpointID": "", "Gateway": "", "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]
進入當前正在運行的容器
方式一： [root@lin ~]# docker exec -it a2 sh #解釋： #-i： 互動式 #-t： 偽終端 sh-4.4# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr sh-4.4# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 08:30 pts/0 00:00:00 sh root 6 0 0 08:39 pts/1 00:00:00 sh root 12 6 0 08:39 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef 方式二： [root@lin ~]# docker attach a2 sh-4.4# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr #區別 #docekr exec 進入容器開啟新的終端 #docker attach 相當于直接進入容器
從容器內拷貝檔案到主機上
docker cp 容器ID：容器內路徑 目的的主機路徑 [root@lin /]# docker exec -it a3 sh sh-4.4# cd /home/ sh-4.4# touch index.html sh-4.4# exit [root@lin /]# docker cp a3:/home/index.html /test [root@lin /]# ls /test/ index.html
如果能看懂下面的圖片，說明您的知識點很不錯的呦~
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