AI五子棋-利用最簡單的C語言實作

一.如何實作

1.說明：由于本文只是對初學C語言的人學習，所以將不會涉及任何演算法，電腦將采用隨機下子的方式，（后期會為大家介紹Alpha-Beta剪枝演算法實作人工智能AI）
2.主要部分：
（1）選單
（2）列印棋盤
（3）玩家下子
（4）電腦下子
（5）判斷輸贏

二.實作代碼及分析

（1）選單的制作


運用do…while回圈呼叫選單，根據用戶選擇實作玩游戲和退出游戲

（2）棋盤的初始化和列印
棋盤采用標準的15*15的格子，我們可以宏定義ROW和COL分別為15和15來表示行和列，

分別封裝兩個函式對棋盤進行初始化和列印
初始化：（這里將棋盤初始化為空格，可初始化為其他）

列印棋盤：

效果如下：

（3）玩家下子

void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	int x, y;
	while (1) {
		printf("玩家走：\n");
		printf("請輸入坐標：\n");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col) {
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') {
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
				break;
			}
			else {
				printf("坐標被占用，請重新輸入\n");
			}
		}
		else {
			printf("坐標非法，請重新輸入\n");
		}
	}
}

玩家下子主要采用的思路是，判斷棋盤上是否有子，已經輸入的坐標是否合法，
（4）電腦下子

void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	int x, y;
	printf("電腦走\n");
	while (1) {
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ') {
			board[x][y] = 'X';
			break;
		}
	}
}

與玩家下子相同，此處采用的隨機下子，后期可進行優化（比如：極大極小值演算法、Alpha-Beta剪枝演算法等）

（5）判斷輸贏
通過遍歷整個棋盤，觀察是否有連五子情況出現，代碼如下：

char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	//行
	int ren=0,dian=0,i,j;
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		ren = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O')
				ren++;
			else
				ren = 0;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		dian = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X')
				dian++;
			else
				dian = 0;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//列
	ren = dian = 0;
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		ren = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[j][i] == 'O')
				ren++;
			else
				ren = 0;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		dian = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[j][i] == 'X')
				dian++;
			else
				dian = 0;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//右下
	ren = dian =i=j= 0;
	for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
		i = k;
		j = 0;
		ren = 0;
		while (i < row && j < col) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
				ren++;
			}
			else {
				ren = 0;
			}
			i++;
			j++;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	i = j = 0;
	for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
		i = k;
		j = 0;
		dian = 0;
		while (i < row && j < col) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
				dian++;
			}
			else
				dian = 0;
			i++;
			j++;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//右上
	for (int k = row;k >=0;k--) {
		j = col;
		i = k;
		ren = 0;
		while (i >=0 && j >=0) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
				ren++;
			}
			else
				ren = 0;
			i--;
			j--;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}

	}
	
	for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
		i = k;
		j = col;
		dian = 0;
		while (i >= 0 && j >= 0) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
				dian++;
			}
			else
				dian = 0;
			i--;
			j--;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	return 'c';
	//左
}

三.整個代碼

（1）test.c檔案下代碼：

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void menu() {
	printf("**************************\n");
	printf("******* 1. play  *********\n");
	printf("******* 0. exit  *********\n");
	printf("**************************\n");
}
void game() {
	//棋盤陣列
	char board[ROW][COL],ret;
	//初始化棋盤
	InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//列印棋盤
	PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
	//下棋
	int a;
	printf("1.先手 0.后手");
	scanf("%d", &a);
	if(a==1)
		PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
	else
		ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
	while (1) {
		if (a == 0) {
			//PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret=iswin(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret != 'c') {
				break;
			}
			//ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret != 'c') {
				break;
			}
		}
		else {
			//ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret != 'c') {
				break;
			}
			//PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
			PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
			ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
			if (ret != 'c') {
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if (ret == 'o')
		printf("玩家贏\n");
	else if (ret == 'x')
		printf("電腦贏\n");
	else
		printf("平局\n");
}
int main() {
	int input;
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	do {
		menu();
		scanf("%d", &input);
		switch (input) {
		case 1:
			game();
			break;
		case 0:
			printf("退出游戲\n");
			break;
		default:
			printf("選擇錯誤\n");
			break;
		}
	} while (input);
	return 0;
}

（2）game.c下的代碼

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			board[i][j] = ' ';
		}
	}
}
void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		printf("  ");
		printf("%2d", i+1);
	}
	printf("\n");
	for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		//列印資料
		printf("%2d", i + 1);
		for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
			if (j < col - 1)
				printf("|");
		}
		printf("\n");
		//列印分割行
		if (i < row - 1) {
			printf("  ");
			for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {

				printf("---");
				if (j < col-1)
					printf("|");
			}
			printf("\n");
		}
	}
}

void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	int x, y;
	while (1) {
		printf("玩家走：\n");
		printf("請輸入坐標：\n");
		scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
		if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col) {
			if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') {
				board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
				break;
			}
			else {
				printf("坐標被占用，請重新輸入\n");
			}
		}
		else {
			printf("坐標非法，請重新輸入\n");
		}
	}
}

void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	int x, y;
	printf("電腦走\n");
	while (1) {
		x = rand() % row;
		y = rand() % col;
		if (board[x][y] == ' ') {
			board[x][y] = 'X';
			break;
		}
	}
}

char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
	//行
	int ren=0,dian=0,i,j;
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		ren = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O')
				ren++;
			else
				ren = 0;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		dian = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X')
				dian++;
			else
				dian = 0;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//列
	ren = dian = 0;
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		ren = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[j][i] == 'O')
				ren++;
			else
				ren = 0;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
		dian = 0;
		for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
			if (board[j][i] == 'X')
				dian++;
			else
				dian = 0;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//右下
	ren = dian =i=j= 0;
	for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
		i = k;
		j = 0;
		ren = 0;
		while (i < row && j < col) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
				ren++;
			}
			else {
				ren = 0;
			}
			i++;
			j++;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	i = j = 0;
	for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
		i = k;
		j = 0;
		dian = 0;
		while (i < row && j < col) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
				dian++;
			}
			else
				dian = 0;
			i++;
			j++;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'x';
		}
		
	}
	//右上
	for (int k = row;k >=0;k--) {
		j = col;
		i = k;
		ren = 0;
		while (i >=0 && j >=0) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
				ren++;
			}
			else
				ren = 0;
			i--;
			j--;
			if (ren >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}

	}
	
	for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
		i = k;
		j = col;
		dian = 0;
		while (i >= 0 && j >= 0) {
			if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
				dian++;
			}
			else
				dian = 0;
			i--;
			j--;
			if (dian >= 5)
				return 'o';
		}
		
	}
	return 'c';
	//左
}

（3）game.h下的代碼

#pragma once
#define ROW 15
#define COL 15
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
//初始化棋盤
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//列印棋盤
void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//人走
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//電腦走
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判斷輸贏
char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);

四.具體效果

1.棋盤列印以及選擇先后手

2.玩家和電腦下子

3.判斷輸贏

此處我們看到玩家贏了，可是電腦實在太蠢了，所以還有很多地方需要添加的

歡迎各位大佬對此代碼進行優化！