Anaconda是一套Python的發行版，發行版集成了必要的庫，使用戶可以一次性完成安裝.Anaconda是一個側重于資料分析的發行版，一些有助于資料分析的庫，比如Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy等都包括于其中，下面介紹如何在ubuntu18.04上安裝anaconda.
安裝程序可能并不復雜，但是細節很多，下面開始技術流水帳:
1.下載安裝包
訪問anaconda官網的下載通道
https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual#Downloads最新版是給小白鼠用的，我不想做小白鼠，所以選擇往期版本：
https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/
我們選擇支持python3.5的anaconda.
Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh 406.3M 2016-07-08 11:20:02 d0dc08d241f83ffc763504db50008e5b下載后：
增加可執行權限：
sudo chmod a+x Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
2.安裝：
執行sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$ sudo ./Anaconda3-4.1.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
Welcome to Anaconda3 4.1.1 (by Continuum Analytics, Inc.)
In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>>
================
Anaconda License
================
Copyright 2016, Continuum Analytics, Inc.
All rights reserved under the 3-clause BSD License:
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* Neither the name of Continuum Analytics, Inc. nor the names of its
contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
software without specific prior written permission.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CONTINUUM ANALYTICS, INC. BE LIABLE FOR
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
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DAMAGE.
Notice of Third Party Software Licenses
=======================================
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are available on an "as is" basis and subject to their individual license
agreements. These licenses are available in Anaconda or at
http://docs.continuum.io/anaconda/pkg-docs . Any binary packages of these
third party tools you obtain via Anaconda are subject to their individual
licenses as well as the Anaconda license. Continuum reserves the right to
change which third party tools are provided in Anaconda.
In particular, Anaconda contains re-distributable, run-time, shared-library
files from the Intel (TM) Math Kernel Library ("MKL binaries"). You are
specifically authorized to use the MKL binaries with your installation of
Anaconda. You are also authorized to redistribute the MKL binaries with
Anaconda or in the conda package that contains them. If needed,
instructions for removing the MKL binaries after installation of Anaconda
are available at http://www.continuum.io.
Cryptography Notice
===================
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The following packages are included in this distribution that relate to
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openssl
The OpenSSL Project is a collaborative effort to develop a robust,
commercial-grade, full-featured, and Open Source toolkit implementing the
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols as
well as a full-strength general purpose cryptography library.
pycrypto
A collection of both secure hash functions (such as SHA256 and RIPEMD160),
and various encryption algorithms (AES, DES, RSA, ElGamal, etc.).
pyopenssl
A thin Python wrapper around (a subset of) the OpenSSL library.
kerberos (krb5, non-Windows platforms)
A network authentication protocol designed to provide strong authentication
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cryptography
A Python library which exposes cryptographic recipes and primitives.
Do you approve the license terms? [yes|no]
>>>
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>>
Please answer 'yes' or 'no':
>>> yes
Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/czl/anaconda3
- Press ENTER to confirm the location
- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
- Or specify a different location below
[/home/czl/anaconda3] >>>
PREFIX=/home/czl/anaconda3
installing: python-3.5.2-0 ...
installing: _nb_ext_conf-0.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: alabaster-0.7.8-py35_0 ...
installing: anaconda-client-1.4.0-py35_0 ...
installing: anaconda-navigator-1.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: argcomplete-1.0.0-py35_1 ...
installing: astropy-1.2.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: babel-2.3.3-py35_0 ...
installing: backports-1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: beautifulsoup4-4.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: bitarray-0.8.1-py35_0 ...
installing: blaze-0.10.1-py35_0 ...
installing: bokeh-0.12.0-py35_0 ...
installing: boto-2.40.0-py35_0 ...
installing: bottleneck-1.1.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: cffi-1.6.0-py35_0 ...
installing: chest-0.2.3-py35_0 ...
installing: click-6.6-py35_0 ...
installing: cloudpickle-0.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: clyent-1.2.2-py35_0 ...
installing: colorama-0.3.7-py35_0 ...
installing: configobj-5.0.6-py35_0 ...
installing: contextlib2-0.5.3-py35_0 ...
installing: cryptography-1.4-py35_0 ...
installing: curl-7.49.0-0 ...
installing: cycler-0.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: cython-0.24-py35_0 ...
installing: cytoolz-0.8.0-py35_0 ...
installing: dask-0.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: datashape-0.5.2-py35_0 ...
installing: decorator-4.0.10-py35_0 ...
installing: dill-0.2.5-py35_0 ...
installing: docutils-0.12-py35_2 ...
installing: dynd-python-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: entrypoints-0.2.2-py35_0 ...
installing: et_xmlfile-1.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: fastcache-1.0.2-py35_1 ...
installing: flask-0.11.1-py35_0 ...
installing: flask-cors-2.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: fontconfig-2.11.1-6 ...
installing: freetype-2.5.5-1 ...
installing: get_terminal_size-1.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: gevent-1.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: greenlet-0.4.10-py35_0 ...
installing: h5py-2.6.0-np111py35_1 ...
installing: hdf5-1.8.16-0 ...
installing: heapdict-1.0.0-py35_1 ...
installing: idna-2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: imagesize-0.7.1-py35_0 ...
installing: ipykernel-4.3.1-py35_0 ...
installing: ipython-4.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ipython_genutils-0.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ipywidgets-4.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: itsdangerous-0.24-py35_0 ...
installing: jbig-2.1-0 ...
installing: jdcal-1.2-py35_1 ...
installing: jedi-0.9.0-py35_1 ...
installing: jinja2-2.8-py35_1 ...
installing: jpeg-8d-1 ...
installing: jsonschema-2.5.1-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter-1.0.0-py35_3 ...
installing: jupyter_client-4.3.0-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter_console-4.1.1-py35_0 ...
installing: jupyter_core-4.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: libdynd-0.7.2-0 ...
installing: libffi-3.2.1-0 ...
installing: libgfortran-3.0.0-1 ...
installing: libpng-1.6.22-0 ...
installing: libsodium-1.0.10-0 ...
installing: libtiff-4.0.6-2 ...
installing: libxml2-2.9.2-0 ...
installing: libxslt-1.1.28-0 ...
installing: llvmlite-0.11.0-py35_0 ...
installing: locket-0.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: lxml-3.6.0-py35_0 ...
installing: markupsafe-0.23-py35_2 ...
installing: matplotlib-1.5.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: mistune-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: mkl-11.3.3-0 ...
installing: mkl-service-1.1.2-py35_2 ...
installing: mpmath-0.19-py35_1 ...
installing: multipledispatch-0.4.8-py35_0 ...
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installing: nb_conda_kernels-1.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: nbconvert-4.2.0-py35_0 ...
installing: nbformat-4.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: nbpresent-3.0.2-py35_0 ...
installing: networkx-1.11-py35_0 ...
installing: nltk-3.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: nose-1.3.7-py35_1 ...
installing: notebook-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: numba-0.26.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: numexpr-2.6.0-np111py35_0 ...
installing: numpy-1.11.1-py35_0 ...
installing: odo-0.5.0-py35_1 ...
installing: openpyxl-2.3.2-py35_0 ...
installing: openssl-1.0.2h-1 ...
installing: pandas-0.18.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: partd-0.3.4-py35_0 ...
installing: patchelf-0.9-0 ...
installing: path.py-8.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pathlib2-2.1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: patsy-0.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pep8-1.7.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pexpect-4.0.1-py35_0 ...
installing: pickleshare-0.7.2-py35_0 ...
installing: pillow-3.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: pip-8.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: ply-3.8-py35_0 ...
installing: psutil-4.3.0-py35_0 ...
installing: ptyprocess-0.5.1-py35_0 ...
installing: py-1.4.31-py35_0 ...
installing: pyasn1-0.1.9-py35_0 ...
installing: pycosat-0.6.1-py35_1 ...
installing: pycparser-2.14-py35_1 ...
installing: pycrypto-2.6.1-py35_4 ...
installing: pycurl-7.43.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pyflakes-1.2.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pygments-2.1.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pyopenssl-0.16.0-py35_0 ...
installing: pyparsing-2.1.4-py35_0 ...
installing: pyqt-4.11.4-py35_3 ...
installing: pytables-3.2.2-np111py35_4 ...
installing: pytest-2.9.2-py35_0 ...
installing: python-dateutil-2.5.3-py35_0 ...
installing: pytz-2016.4-py35_0 ...
installing: pyyaml-3.11-py35_4 ...
installing: pyzmq-15.2.0-py35_1 ...
installing: qt-4.8.7-3 ...
installing: qtconsole-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: qtpy-1.0.2-py35_0 ...
installing: readline-6.2-2 ...
installing: redis-3.2.0-0 ...
installing: redis-py-2.10.5-py35_0 ...
installing: requests-2.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: rope-0.9.4-py35_1 ...
installing: ruamel_yaml-0.11.7-py35_0 ...
installing: scikit-image-0.12.3-np111py35_1 ...
installing: scikit-learn-0.17.1-np111py35_2 ...
installing: scipy-0.17.1-np111py35_1 ...
installing: setuptools-23.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: simplegeneric-0.8.1-py35_1 ...
installing: singledispatch-3.4.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: sip-4.16.9-py35_0 ...
installing: six-1.10.0-py35_0 ...
installing: snowballstemmer-1.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: sockjs-tornado-1.0.3-py35_0 ...
installing: sphinx-1.4.1-py35_0 ...
installing: sphinx_rtd_theme-0.1.9-py35_0 ...
installing: spyder-2.3.9-py35_0 ...
installing: sqlalchemy-1.0.13-py35_0 ...
installing: sqlite-3.13.0-0 ...
installing: statsmodels-0.6.1-np111py35_1 ...
installing: sympy-1.0-py35_0 ...
installing: terminado-0.6-py35_0 ...
installing: tk-8.5.18-0 ...
installing: toolz-0.8.0-py35_0 ...
installing: tornado-4.3-py35_1 ...
installing: traitlets-4.2.1-py35_0 ...
installing: unicodecsv-0.14.1-py35_0 ...
installing: werkzeug-0.11.10-py35_0 ...
installing: wheel-0.29.0-py35_0 ...
installing: xlrd-1.0.0-py35_0 ...
installing: xlsxwriter-0.9.2-py35_0 ...
installing: xlwt-1.1.2-py35_0 ...
installing: xz-5.2.2-0 ...
installing: yaml-0.1.6-0 ...
installing: zeromq-4.1.4-0 ...
installing: zlib-1.2.8-3 ...
installing: anaconda-4.1.1-np111py35_0 ...
installing: conda-4.1.6-py35_0 ...
installing: conda-build-1.21.3-py35_0 ...
installing: conda-env-2.5.1-py35_0 ...
Python 3.5.2 :: Continuum Analytics, Inc.
creating default environment...
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to prepend the Anaconda3 install location
to PATH in your /home/czl/.bashrc ? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
Prepending PATH=/home/czl/anaconda3/bin to PATH in /home/czl/.bashrc
A backup will be made to: /home/czl/.bashrc-anaconda3.bak
For this change to become active, you have to open a new terminal.
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
Share your notebooks and packages on Anaconda Cloud!
Sign up for free: https://anaconda.org
czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~/anaconda$
根據安裝LOG，可以看到，Numpy,Matplotlib,SciPy三個包都自動安裝上了，
3.驗證
安裝結束后，重啟系統，打開控制臺，輸入Python.可以看到系統的默認Python變成了anaconda，而不再是默認系統路徑下的Python. 這可以解釋為，既然anaconda是Python的一個發行版，類似于Ubuntu是Linux的一個發行版，所以必然存在其它的Python發行版，比如UBUNTU下通過APT 安裝的 /usr/bin/python也算是一個發行版，所以，當系統Python從來源的實作變成anaconda之后，之前安裝的包可能失效，需要在anaconda下重新安裝或者配置，
然后，我們打開anaconda-navigator這個應用
打開后的界面如下：
打開jupyter，它是一個基于WEB的網頁編輯器，同時還具備本地資源管理器的作用，
qtconsole則是一個基于QT的Python命令列控制臺程式：
spyder就厲害了，它集程式編輯，除錯，運行，仿真于一身，是開發人員接觸最頻繁的一個工具，
下面我們就在spyder中運行一段程式，利用系統預先安裝的數學庫和繪圖包，繪制一幅傅立葉變換的影像
運行上圖這段程式，我們有額外安裝任何的Python包，這和UBUNTU原生的python環境手搓很多包，解決依賴的方式是很不同的，anaconda更加方便，
如何卸載?
安裝好anaconda后，如果像升級版本，那原來的版本怎么卸載呢？
直接刪即可 :
rm -fr ~/anaconda3下面是卸載后重新安裝Anaconda3-5.0.1-Linux-x86_64.sh
4.安裝Tensorflow GPU版
安裝命令：
pip install tensorflow-gpuczl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$ pip install tensorflow-gpu
Collecting tensorflow-gpu
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8b/dc/922125284fb70d5ac17a3c3be87d8f1d95908bb5067977e7813bf7b7f712/tensorflow_gpu-1.14.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (377.0MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 377.0MB 4.7kB/s
Collecting google-pasta>=0.1.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)",)': /simple/google-pasta/
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a3/de/c648ef6835192e6e2cc03f40b19eeda4382c49b5bafb43d88b931c4c74ac/google_pasta-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (57kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 140kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.10.0 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting protobuf>=3.6.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/f1/728216338c64b3a06e6ad27d39ace5ea31c83dedc303a533700d8bf2aa8f/protobuf-3.17.3-cp35-cp35m-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl (1.0MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.0MB 730kB/s
Collecting grpcio>=1.8.6 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/07/ea/398472e896f529d23fb58e33f01298dfc554a341d58f87c1ea5ad817208e/grpcio-1.39.0.tar.gz (21.3MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 21.3MB 83kB/s
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): wheel>=0.26 in ./anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from tensorflow-gpu)
Collecting termcolor>=1.1.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/48/a76be51647d0eb9f10e2a4511bf3ffb8cc1e6b14e9e4fab46173aa79f981/termcolor-1.1.0.tar.gz
Collecting tensorflow-estimator<1.15.0rc0,>=1.14.0rc0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3c/d5/21860a5b11caf0678fbc8319341b0ae21a07156911132e0e71bffed0510d/tensorflow_estimator-1.14.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (488kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 491kB 72kB/s
Collecting keras-preprocessing>=1.0.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/79/4c/7c3275a01e12ef9368a892926ab932b33bb13d55794881e3573482b378a7/Keras_Preprocessing-1.1.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (42kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 7.5MB/s
Collecting wrapt>=1.11.1 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/82/f7/e43cefbe88c5fd371f4cf0cf5eb3feccd07515af9fd6cf7dbf1d1793a797/wrapt-1.12.1.tar.gz
Collecting gast>=0.2.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ad/b0/a6c8bc1e77409b63755bb0788ac4d497d31b72082de5945c0122259c533e/gast-0.5.2-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting tensorboard<1.15.0,>=1.14.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/91/2d/2ed263449a078cd9c8a9ba50ebd50123adf1f8cfbea1492f9084169b89d9/tensorboard-1.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (3.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 3.2MB 345kB/s
Collecting absl-py>=0.7.0 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/23/47/835652c7e19530973c73c65e652fc53bd05725d5a7cf9bb8706777869c1e/absl_py-0.13.0-py3-none-any.whl (132kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 3.9MB/s
Collecting numpy<2.0,>=1.14.5 (from tensorflow-gpu)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/be/650f9c091ef71cb01d735775d554e068752d3ff63d7943b26316dc401749/numpy-1.21.2.zip (10.3MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 10.3MB 163kB/s
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/setup.py", line 34, in <module>
raise RuntimeError("Python version >= 3.7 required.")
RuntimeError: Python version >= 3.7 required.
----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-1swfqubc/numpy/
You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 21.2.4 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
czl@czl-RedmiBook-14:~$ 失敗！TF和CUDA以及anaconda的關系比較復雜，后面有空再研究.
結束！
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