【Docker】常用命令：幫助命令、鏡像命令、容器命令、其他常用命令

本 Docker 內容學習自：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=13
為UP狂神的教程，也希望大家多去支持一下，因視頻形式不方便回顧，便截圖為圖文形式，如有侵權立即設為私密，

Docker 常用命令

1 幫助命令

2 鏡像命令

docker images 查看本地主機上的鏡像

docker search 搜索鏡像

docker pull 下載鏡像

（上面的 Already exists 說明了 Docker 在安裝環境方面的一處設計，如果當前版本的軟體已經在之前下載的另一個版本中存在，那么便不再重復下載，極大節省了記憶體）

docker rmi 洗掉鏡像

3 容器命令

需要有了系統鏡像才可以創建容器，此處，我們先下載一個 CentOS 鏡像

新建容器并啟動容器

列出所有的運行的容器

退出容器

洗掉容器

啟動和停止容器

4 其他常用命令

后臺啟動器

查看日志

查看容器中行程資訊

查看鏡像的元資料

docker inspect 容器id

[root@zlc ~]# docker inspect 4585f09daf61
[
    {
        "Id": "4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8",
        "Created": "2021-09-05T15:12:38.037136003Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 20928,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-09-05T15:14:07.038975342Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-09-05T15:12:46.133388369Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:a0477e85b8aebf57d58bfa74a6598eccfd3fcc43a78c8e29c380cde2e7300a1b",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8/4585f09daf6173d2cd1da9af31fe15cf791ca5d96066f3aaeb48c8011318f8f8-json.log",
        "Name": "/nervous_yalow",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/798e5432e868ebb080787a89055ecc340cfd7469be67da23feed45ff1a652c08-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6efc126718a70b186b330af4dc0fc26adccf16a063bcde39cc1e16ef52a114e4/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/798e5432e868ebb080787a89055ecc340cfd7469be67da23feed45ff1a652c08/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/798e5432e868ebb080787a89055ecc340cfd7469be67da23feed45ff1a652c08/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/798e5432e868ebb080787a89055ecc340cfd7469be67da23feed45ff1a652c08/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "4585f09daf61",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "579b2b1d2d87f1eb0135252f6349bc931df98ffffea0f6565337578dd030f5ae",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/579b2b1d2d87",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "beecd9d42796c1ba972efc99658b3f8fe0ef15732bcc87c30425f499812d3285",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "859c97d47023ebdd0cd2b4d895a3f8d037a93872c9ade9ca284674d9564913ae",
                    "EndpointID": "beecd9d42796c1ba972efc99658b3f8fe0ef15732bcc87c30425f499812d3285",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

進入當前正在運行的容器

從容器內拷貝檔案到主機

5 小結