網路基礎（七）-----實操（OSPF綜合練習）

問題描述：

一.分別配地址

具體請參考（網路基礎五，里面有詳細的IP地址劃分），劃分后的效果圖

第二.配置IP地址和環回介面

AR1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 29
Sep 13 2021 23:17:35-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.33 28

AR2

[Huawei]int g 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 29
Sep 13 2021 23:18:32-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.65 28

AR3

[Huawei]int g 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.3 29
Sep 13 2021 23:19:35-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei]int g 0/0/1
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.10 29
Sep 13 2021 23:24:34-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[13]:The line protoco
l IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.97 28

AR4

[Huawei]int g 0/0/0
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.9 29
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Sep 13 2021 23:20:30-08:00 Huawei %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol
 IP on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0 
[Huawei-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.1 24

第三步.配置OSPF

AR1

[Huawei]ospf 1 ro	
[Huawei]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 1
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.33 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]

AR2

[Huawei]ospf 1 ro	
[Huawei]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 1
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.65 0.0.0.0

AR3

[Huawei]ospf 1 ro	
[Huawei]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 1
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.3 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.97 0.0.0.0
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
/下面是區域2
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 2
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.10 0.0.0.0

AR4

[Huawei]ospf 1 ro	
[Huawei]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[Huawei-ospf-1]area 2
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]net	
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.1.9 0.0.0.0

配置完成幾臺路由器后都有OSPF的通信流程，效果如下

Sep 13 2021 23:22:35-08:00 Huawei %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[1]:Neighbor changes
 event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Ne
ighborEvent=HelloReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Down, NeighborCurrentState=Init
) 
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
Sep 13 2021 23:22:39-08:00 Huawei %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[2]:Neighbor changes
 event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Ne
ighborEvent=2WayReceived, NeighborPreviousState=Init, NeighborCurrentState=ExSta
rt) 
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
Sep 13 2021 23:22:39-08:00 Huawei %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[3]:Neighbor changes
 event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Ne
ighborEvent=NegotiationDone, NeighborPreviousState=ExStart, NeighborCurrentState
=Exchange) 
[Huawei-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]
Sep 13 2021 23:22:39-08:00 Huawei %%01OSPF/4/NBR_CHANGE_E(l)[4]:Neighbor changes
 event: neighbor status changed. (ProcessId=256, NeighborAddress=2.1.168.192, Ne
ighborEvent=ExchangeDone, NeighborPreviousState=Exchange, NeighborCurrentState=L
oading) 

因為讓AR3作為DR,而沒有DBR，所以將除AR3之外的路由器都修改優先級，加一行代碼如下：

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

三.配置預設路由

因為AR4的環回沒有宣告，但要求實作全網可達，所以給邊界路由器AR4配置預設路由

[Huawei-ospf-1]default-route-advertise

四.手工認證（安全性）

手工認證是相對應的，缺一不可，若只在一個介面配置，則另一方接受不到資訊，出錯

AR1

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

AR3

[Huawei-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

上面配置的是與AR3的0/0/0介面對應的，AR3 0/0/1介面同樣方法配置即可