一、案例簡介
主要介紹的是的語音信號的簡單處理，本論文針對以上問題，運用數字信號學基本原理實作語音信號的處理，在matlab7.0環境下綜合運用信號提取，幅頻變換以及傅里葉變換、濾波等技術來進行語音信號處理，我所做的作業就是在matlab2014a軟體上撰寫一個處理語音信號的程式，能對語音信號進行采集，并對其進行各種處理，達到簡單語音信號處理的目的，
對語音信號的研究，本論文采用了設計濾波器的基本研究方法來達到研究語音信號去噪的目的，最終結合影像以及對語音信號的回放，通過對比，得出結論，
本課題的研究基本步驟如下：
1、語音信號的錄制，
2、在MATLAB平臺上讀入語音信號，
3、繪制頻譜圖并回放原始語音信號，
4、利用MATLAB編程加入一段正弦波噪音，設計濾波器去噪，
5、利用MATLAB編程加入一段隨機噪音信號，設計濾波器去噪，并分別繪制頻譜圖、回放語音信號，
二、部分源代碼
function varargout = GUI_FILTER(varargin)
% GUI_FILTER M-file for GUI_FILTER.fig
% GUI_FILTER, by itself, creates a new GUI_FILTER or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = GUI_FILTER returns the handle to a new GUI_FILTER or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% GUI_FILTER('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in GUI_FILTER.M with the given input arguments.
%
% GUI_FILTER('Property','Value',...) creates a new GUI_FILTER or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before GUI_FILTER_OpeningFunction gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to GUI_FILTER_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
%
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help GUI_FILTER
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 26-Mar-2021 14:56:44
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @GUI_FILTER_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @GUI_FILTER_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before GUI_FILTER is made visible.
function GUI_FILTER_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to GUI_FILTER (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for GUI_FILTER
set(handles.textStatic1,'String','Low Freq (HZ):');
set(handles.textStatic2,'Visible','Off');
set(handles.editF2,'Visible','Off');
handles.SelectedFilter = 1;
set(handles.sliderSNR,'Min',-35);
set(handles.sliderSNR,'Max', 15);
handles.SNR = (get(handles.sliderSNR,'Value'));
set(handles.editSNR, 'String', [num2str(handles.SNR) ' dB SNR'] );
handles.fileLoaded = 0;
handles.fileNoisy = 0;
handles.fileFinal = 0;
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes GUI_FILTER wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = GUI_FILTER_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in buttonLoad.
function buttonLoad_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to buttonLoad (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
[FileName,PathName] = uigetfile({'*.wav'},'Load Wav File');
[x,Fs] = wavread([PathName '/' FileName]);
handles.x = x ./ max(abs(x));
handles.Fs = Fs;
axes(handles.axesSignal1);
time = 0:1/Fs:(length(handles.x)-1)/Fs;
plot(time, handles.x);
axis([0 max(time) -1 1]);
axes(handles.axesSpec1);
specgram(handles.x, 1024, handles.Fs);
title('Signal Spectrogram');
handles.fileLoaded = 1;
axes(handles.axesSpecNoise); cla;
axes(handles.axesSpec2); cla;
axes(handles.axesSpecFinal); cla;
handles.fileNoisy = 0;
handles.fileFinal = 0;
guidata(hObject, handles);
% --- Executes on button press in buttonPlay.
function buttonPlay_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to buttonPlay (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
if (handles.fileLoaded==1)
sound(handles.x, handles.Fs);
end
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1.
function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = get(hObject,'String') returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu1
S = get(hObject,'Value');
switch (S)
case (1)
set(handles.textStatic1,'String','Low Freq (HZ):');
set(handles.textStatic2,'Visible','Off');
set(handles.editF2,'Visible','Off');
handles.SelectedFilter = 1;
case (2)
set(handles.textStatic1,'String','High Freq (HZ):');
set(handles.textStatic2,'Visible','Off');
set(handles.editF2,'Visible','Off');
handles.SelectedFilter = 2;
case (3)
set(handles.textStatic1,'String','Low Freq (HZ):');
set(handles.textStatic2,'Visible','On');
set(handles.editF2,'Visible','On');
set(handles.textStatic2,'String','High Freq (HZ):');
handles.SelectedFilter = 3;
end
guidata(hObject, handles);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
else
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));
end
function editF1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to editF1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of editF1 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of editF1 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function editF1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to editF1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
else
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));
end
function editF2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to editF2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of editF2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of editF2 as a double
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function editF2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to editF2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
else
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor',get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'));
end
三、運行結果
四、matlab版本及參考文獻
1 matlab版本
2014a
2 參考文獻
[1]韓紀慶,張磊,鄭鐵然.語音信號處理（第3版）[M].清華大學出版社，2019.
[2]柳若邊.深度學習:語音識別技術實踐[M].清華大學出版社，2019.
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