寫在前面
- 推送的的郵件里看到有大佬講的公共課，聽了之后這里整理學習筆記，
- 因為是公開課，所以講的很淺，沒接觸過，這里做為了解，長長見識，
| 博文內容包括 |
|---|
| 系統調優原理概述 |
| 如何檢測系統的性能瓶頸 |
| 如何進行內核引數調優 |
| 如何限制服務的資源占用 |
| 自定義tuned調優配置集 |
我突然又明白，死亡是聰明的兄長，我們可以放心地把自己托付給他，他會知道在我們有所準備的適當時刻前來，我也突然懂得，原來痛苦、失望和悲愁不是為了惹惱我們，使我們氣餒或者無地自容；它們的存在，是為了使我們心智成熟，臻于完善，—赫爾曼·黑塞《彼得·卡門青》
零、系統調優原理概述：
通過調整系統設定來提高計算機資源的利用率、資料吞吐量或用戶體驗的程序，消除或減輕系統中的排隊現象，
分析系統性能的方法：
| 分析利用率、飽和、錯誤 (Utilization, Saturation and Errors (USE))和系統資源 | – |
|---|---|
| 資源 Resource | 服務器中的硬體資源(CPU、記憶體、網路、 磁盤和控制器) |
| 利用率 Utilization | 資源提供服務的平均時間（70%） |
| 飽和度 Saturation | 資源承擔額外作業量的能力，這類作業通常 排隊(佇列長度) |
| 錯誤 Errors | 錯誤事件數量 |
執行系統變更的步驟：
| 執行系統變更的步驟 |
|---|
| 設定基線：在調優中，執行性能測驗，收集指標 |
| 執行變更：在系統上執行變更，建議查閱相應官方檔案 |
| 驗證變更有效性：執行變更后，重新運行測驗，比較一些關鍵指標 |
| 取消變更并與基線對比：如有需要，可以取消變更并回傳到基線狀態 |
| 應用最終更改：應用并記錄最終變更 |
一、如何檢測系統的性能瓶頸
1、檢測系統當前運行負載：vmstat、mpstat、iostat、top 等
裝包，一般不需要
yum install -y sysstat
sysstat包含監測系統性能及效率的一組工具，這些工具對于我們收集系統性能資料，比如 CPU 使用率、硬碟和網路吞吐資料，這些資料的收集和分析，有利于我們判斷系統是否正常運行，是提高系統運行效率、安全運行服務器的得力助手，
vmstat 記憶體子系統監控
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 0 3228884 2076 594152 0 0 10 6 102 152 0 0 100 0 0
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ vmstat 1
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
1 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 10 6 102 152 0 0 100 0 0 # 平均值
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 197 289 0 1 99 0 0
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 192 290 0 0 100 0 0
1 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 180 285 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 174 276 1 0 99 0 0
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 173 267 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 176 268 0 0 100 0 0
0 0 0 3228852 2076 594184 0 0 0 0 173 274 0 0 100 0 0
^C
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
mpstat CUP子系統監控
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ mpstat 1
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
01:41:22 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
01:41:23 AM all 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48
01:41:24 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.49
01:41:25 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48
01:41:26 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:41:27 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.48
01:41:28 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:41:29 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
^C
Average: all 0.07 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 99.71
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ mpstat 1 3
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
01:42:06 AM CPU %usr %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %guest %gnice %idle
01:42:07 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:42:08 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
01:42:09 AM all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Average: all 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
iostat IO子系統監控
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ iostat 1 3
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/23/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.21 0.00 0.24 0.05 0.00 99.50
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 0.56 19.86 12.15 387999 237243
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.00 99.48
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 1.00 8.00 0.00 8 0
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00
Device: tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
sda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
top 綜合情況監控
top - 01:46:43 up 5:29, 1 user, load average: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05
Tasks: 151 total, 1 running, 150 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu0 : 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
%Cpu1 : 0.3 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni, 99.7 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 4030172 total, 3227596 free, 205988 used, 596588 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 10485756 total, 10485756 free, 0 used. 3531292 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
844 etcd 20 0 10.308g 22996 11100 S 2.7 0.6 11:10.71 etcd
572 root 20 0 220312 5208 3508 S 0.3 0.1 0:06.03 rsyslogd
592 root 20 0 298868 6260 4916 S 0.3 0.2 1:32.71 vmtoolsd
1 root 20 0 125408 3836 2440 S 0.0 0.1 0:09.03 systemd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.61 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.27 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:05.72 rcu_sched
10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.25 watchdog/0
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.15 watchdog/1
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.17 migration/1
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.54 ksoftirqd/1
15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 kdevtmpfs
18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 khungtaskd
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
22 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 bioset
23 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd
- load average: 0.01 不能超過 0.7
- 需要除以 cpu核數 ；數字1
2、檢測系統歷史運行負載：sar
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ pwd
/usr/lib/systemd/system
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ cat sysstat.service
# /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service
# (C) 2012 Peter Schiffer (pschiffe <at> redhat.com)
#
# sysstat-10.1.5 systemd unit file:
# Insert a dummy record in current daily data file.
# This indicates that the counters have restarted from 0.
[Unit]
Description=Resets System Activity Logs
[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=yes
User=root
ExecStart=/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 --boot
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ systemctl status sysstat.service
● sysstat.service - Resets System Activity Logs
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sysstat.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Wed 2021-10-13 01:53:41 CST; 1 weeks 3 days ago
Main PID: 584 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/sysstat.service
Oct 13 01:53:41 liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Starting Resets System Activity Logs...
Oct 13 01:53:41 liruilongs.github.io systemd[1]: Started Resets System Activity Logs.
紅帽8沒有，需要自己開啟，紅帽7有
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/]
└─$ cd /var/log/sa
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$ ls
sa01 sa03 sa04 sa05 sa06 sa08 sa09 sa13 sa14 sa23 sa24 sa30 sar03
CPU 監控資訊
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$ sar -f sa24 -p # CPU 監控資訊
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART
08:20:03 AM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
09:40:01 AM all 1.44 0.00 1.72 0.21 0.00 96.64
09:50:01 AM all 0.80 0.00 1.51 0.01 0.00 97.69
10:00:01 AM all 0.81 0.00 1.56 0.00 0.00 97.63
10:10:01 AM all 0.74 0.00 1.40 0.02 0.00 97.83
10:20:01 AM all 0.65 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.00 98.08
10:30:01 AM all 0.78 0.02 1.50 0.04 0.00 97.67
10:40:01 AM all 3.24 0.00 5.65 0.01 0.00 91.11
Average: all 1.18 0.00 2.10 0.03 0.00 96.69
負載資訊
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$ sar -f sa24 -q # 負載資訊
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART
08:20:03 AM runq-sz plist-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5 ldavg-15 blocked
09:40:01 AM 0 215 0.06 0.40 0.42 0
09:50:01 AM 0 215 0.41 0.21 0.28 0
10:00:01 AM 1 215 0.27 0.13 0.20 0
10:10:01 AM 1 216 0.03 0.08 0.14 0
10:20:01 AM 0 216 0.00 0.04 0.10 0
10:30:01 AM 1 217 0.00 0.03 0.06 0
10:40:01 AM 0 215 0.07 0.16 0.14 0
Average: 0 216 0.12 0.15 0.19 0
記憶體資訊
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$ sar -f sa24 -r # 記憶體資訊
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART
08:20:03 AM kbmemfree kbmemused %memused kbbuffers kbcached kbcommit %commit kbactive kbinact kbdirty
09:40:01 AM 3472808 557364 13.83 2076 266132 832840 5.74 157400 244716 8
09:50:01 AM 3470960 559212 13.88 2076 266516 832840 5.74 158004 244652 4
10:00:01 AM 3466736 563436 13.98 2076 270432 832972 5.74 158272 248436 0
10:10:01 AM 3465552 564620 14.01 2076 270856 833480 5.74 159624 247772 0
10:20:01 AM 3465732 564440 14.01 2076 271172 833584 5.74 159720 248028 0
10:30:01 AM 3457092 573080 14.22 2076 272904 833772 5.74 161872 247732 0
10:40:01 AM 3458440 571732 14.19 2076 271864 833032 5.74 160824 247256 0
Average: 3465331 564841 14.02 2076 269982 833217 5.74 159388 246942 2
網卡資訊
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$ sar -f sa24 -n DEV # 網卡資訊
Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 (liruilongs.github.io) 10/24/2021 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
08:14:46 AM LINUX RESTART
08:20:03 AM IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
09:40:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:40:01 AM ens32 0.34 0.37 0.04 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:40:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:40:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:50:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:50:01 AM ens32 1.19 0.78 0.10 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:50:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
09:50:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00:01 AM ens32 0.20 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:00:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:10:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:10:01 AM ens32 0.49 0.50 0.04 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:10:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:10:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:20:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:20:01 AM ens32 0.17 0.11 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:20:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:20:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:30:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:30:01 AM ens32 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:30:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:30:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:40:01 AM br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:40:01 AM ens32 0.08 0.06 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:40:01 AM lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
10:40:01 AM docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: IFACE rxpck/s txpck/s rxkB/s txkB/s rxcmp/s txcmp/s rxmcst/s
Average: br-4b3da203747c 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: ens32 0.36 0.28 0.03 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: lo 0.13 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Average: docker0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/sa]
└─$
3、通過 Performance Co-Pilot(PCP) 收集性能資料
安裝相關包
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ yum -y install pcp
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ yum install pcp-gui -y
啟動相關服務
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ systemctl enable --now pmcd # 啟動監控服務
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/pmcd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/pmcd.service.
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
└─$ systemctl enable --now pmlogger # 啟動存資料的資料庫
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/pmlogger.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/pmlogger.service.
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/systemd/system]
通過pmchart，pminfo，pmval讀取系統當前及歷史運行資料
查看所有的監控內容
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pminfo
jbd2.njournals
jbd2.transaction.count
jbd2.transaction.requested
......
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pminfo | wc -l
2052
查看所有的監控引數詳細資訊
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pminfo -dt proc.nprocs #引數詳細資訊
proc.nprocs [instantaneous number of processes]
Data Type: 32-bit unsigned int InDom: PM_INDOM_NULL 0xffffffff
Semantics: instant Units: none
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pminfo proc.nprocs #行程監控
proc.nprocs
監控行程資訊 pmval proc.nprocs
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pmval proc.nprocs #行程監控
metric: proc.nprocs
host: liruilongs.github.io
semantics: instantaneous value
units: none
samples: all
158
158
158
158
158
158
^C
監控剩余記憶體的量 pmval -t 2 mem.freemem
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pmval -t 2 mem.freemem # 剩余記憶體資訊
metric: mem.freemem
host: liruilongs.github.io
semantics: instantaneous value
units: Kbyte
samples: all
3471612
3471636
3471636
3471636
3471636
^C
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
查看監控日志
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ pminfo | grep mem.freemem
mem.freemem
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ cd /var/log/pcp
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp]
└─$ ls
NOTICES pmcd pmie pmlogger pmproxy
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp]
└─$ cd pmlogger/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger]
└─$ ls
liruilongs.github.io pmlogger_check.log.prev pmlogger_daily-K.log.prev pmlogger_daily.stamp
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger]
└─$ cd liruilongs.github.io/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io]
└─$ ls
20211023.02.05.0.xz 20211023.02.30-00.0.xz 20211023.02.30.0.xz 20211024.08.16.0 Latest
20211023.02.05.index 20211023.02.30-00.index 20211023.02.30.index 20211024.08.16.index pmlogger.log
20211023.02.05.meta.xz 20211023.02.30-00.meta.xz 20211023.02.30.meta.xz 20211024.08.16.meta pmlogger.log.prior
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io]
└─$ pmval -a 20211024.08.16.0 mem.freemem # 查看監控日志 每秒
metric: mem.freemem
archive: 20211024.08.16.0
host: liruilongs.github.io
start: Sun Oct 24 08:17:06 2021
end: Sun Oct 24 10:02:06 2021
semantics: instantaneous value
units: Kbyte
samples: 6301
interval: 1.00 sec
08:17:06.095 No values available
08:17:07.095 No values available
08:17:08.095 3651184
08:17:09.095 3651184
08:17:10.095 3651184
08:17:11.095 3651184
08:17:12.095 3651184
08:17:13.095 3651184
08:17:14.095 3651184
08:17:15.095 3651184
08:17:16.095 3651184
08:17:17.095 3651184
08:17:18.095 3651184
08:17:19.095 3651184
08:17:20.095 3651184
08:17:21.095 3651184
08:17:22.095 3651184
08:17:23.095 3651184
08:17:24.095 3651184
08:17:25.095 3651184
08:17:26.095 3651184
......
加時間粒度
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io]
└─$ pmval -a 20211024.08.16.0 -t 500 mem.freemem # 加時間粒度
metric: mem.freemem
archive: 20211024.08.16.0
host: liruilongs.github.io
start: Sun Oct 24 08:17:06 2021
end: Sun Oct 24 10:08:06 2021
semantics: instantaneous value
units: Kbyte
samples: 14
interval: 500.00 sec
08:17:06.095 No values available
08:25:26.095 3488128
08:33:46.095 3488128
08:42:06.095 3488128
08:50:26.095 3488128
08:58:46.095 3488128
09:07:06.095 3488128
09:15:26.095 3488128
09:23:46.095 3488128
09:32:06.095 3488128
09:40:26.095 3472784
09:48:46.095 3472024
09:57:06.095 3467052
10:05:26.095 3466276
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/var/log/pcp/pmlogger/liruilongs.github.io]
└─$
二、如何進行內核引數調優
/proc & /sys
/proc 存放記憶體中資料，每次重啟就沒了，
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/]
└─$ cd proc/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc]
└─$ ls
1 16836 241 269 284 3 313 362 45 647 853 crypto keys pagetypeinfo tty
10 16842 242 270 285 300 314 363 469 649 856 devices key-users partitions uptime
1041 16843 250 271 286 301 315 364 47 66 857 diskstats kmsg sched_debug version
1043 16850 251 272 287 302 316 365 5 6671 861 dma kpagecount schedstat vmallocinfo
1045 16862 253 273 288 303 317 366 506 7 864 driver kpageflags scsi vmstat
1050 17 254 274 289 304 318 367 509 7603 8922 execdomains loadavg self zoneinfo
1051 18 255 275 290 305 319 368 570 7604 9 fb locks slabinfo
1054 19 256 276 291 306 32 369 581 7606 98 filesystems mdstat softirqs
1055 2 262 277 292 307 320 370 583 8 acpi fs meminfo stat
1056 20 263 278 293 308 321 371 585 8095 buddyinfo interrupts misc swaps
11 21 264 279 294 309 322 372 594 8158 bus iomem modules sys
12 22 265 280 295 31 33 373 595 8159 cgroups ioports mounts sysrq-trigger
13 23 266 281 296 310 34 42 596 8160 cmdline irq mpt sysvipc
15 24 267 282 298 311 348 44 627 8161 consoles kallsyms mtrr timer_list
16006 240 268 283 299 312 361 441 642 8162 cpuinfo kcore net timer_stats
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc]
└─$ pwd
/proc
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc]
└─$ cd sys
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys]
└─$ ls
abi crypto debug dev fs kernel net user vm
記憶體調優目錄
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys]
└─$ cd vm # 記憶體調優目錄
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ ls
admin_reserve_kbytes hugepages_treat_as_movable mmap_min_addr overcommit_memory
block_dump hugetlb_shm_group mmap_rnd_bits overcommit_ratio
compact_memory laptop_mode mmap_rnd_compat_bits page-cluster
dirty_background_bytes legacy_va_layout nr_hugepages panic_on_oom
dirty_background_ratio lowmem_reserve_ratio nr_hugepages_mempolicy percpu_pagelist_fraction
dirty_bytes max_map_count nr_overcommit_hugepages stat_interval
dirty_expire_centisecs memory_failure_early_kill nr_pdflush_threads swappiness
dirty_ratio memory_failure_recovery numa_zonelist_order user_reserve_kbytes
dirty_writeback_centisecs min_free_kbytes oom_dump_tasks vfs_cache_pressure
drop_caches min_slab_ratio oom_kill_allocating_task zone_reclaim_mode
extfrag_threshold min_unmapped_ratio overcommit_kbytes
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$
查看內核引數：cat & sysctl -a
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ sysctl -a # 查看所有調優引數
abi.vsyscall32 = 1
crypto.fips_enabled = 0
debug.exception-trace = 1
debug.kprobes-optimization = 1
debug.panic_on_rcu_stall = 0
dev.hpet.max-user-freq = 64
dev.mac_hid.mouse_button2_keycode = 97
dev.mac_hid.mouse_button3_keycode = 100
dev.mac_hid.mouse_button_emulation = 0
dev.parport.default.spintime = 500
dev.parport.default.timeslice = 200
dev.raid.speed_limit_max = 200000
dev.raid.speed_limit_min = 1000
dev.scsi.logging_level = 0
fs.aio-max-nr = 65536
fs.aio-nr = 0
..............
根據變數找對應檔案引數
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ sysctl -a | grep net.ipv4.ip_forward
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward_use_pmtu = 0
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.all.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.br-4b3da203747c.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.default.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.docker0.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.ens32.stable_secret"
sysctl: reading key "net.ipv6.conf.lo.stable_secret"
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cd ../net/ipv
ipv4/ ipv6/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cd ../net/ipv4/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/net/ipv4]
└─$ cat ip_forward
1
調整內核引數：echo & sysctl
設定調優引數：臨時調整
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat swappiness
30
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ echo 40 > swappiness ## 臨時調整
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat swappiness
40
設定調優引數：永久調整
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat /etc/sysc
sysconfig/ sysctl.conf sysctl.d/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ echo "vm.swappiness = 20" >> /etc/sysctl.conf ## 永久調整
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 20
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ sysctl -p
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
vm.swappiness = 20
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$
內核調優之清理快取
如何使用幫助調整內核引數
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ man -K drop_caches
--Man-- next: proc(5) [ view (return) | skip (Ctrl-D) | quit (Ctrl-C) ]
| 清理快取 |
|---|
 |
 |
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ cat drop_caches #快取處理
0
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ man -K drop_caches
No manual entry for drop_caches
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ man -K drop_caches
No manual entry for drop_caches
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ man -K ip_forward
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3935 212 3357 16 366 3440
Swap: 10239 0 10239
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 3935 200 3575 16 159 3504
Swap: 10239 0 10239
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$
調整內核模塊引數：lsmod、modinfo、modprobe
加載的內核模塊串列 lsmod
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ lsmod # 大小 呼叫次數
Module Size Used by
binfmt_misc 17468 1
xt_conntrack 12760 2
ipt_MASQUERADE 12678 2
nf_nat_masquerade_ipv4 13412 1 ipt_MASQUERADE
nf_conntrack_netlink 40449 0
nfnetlink 14696 2 nf_conntrack_netlink
xt_addrtype 12676 2
iptable_filter 12810 1
iptable_nat 12875 1
nf_conntrack_ipv4 15053 3
nf_defrag_ipv4 12729 1 nf_conntrack_ipv4
，，，，，
，，，，，，
crct10dif_common 12595 3 crct10dif_pclmul,crct10dif_generic,crc_t10dif
crc32c_intel 22079 1
ahci 34042 0
drm 370825 2 ttm,drm_kms_helper
libahci 31992 1 ahci
mptspi 22542 2
ata_piix 35038 0
scsi_transport_spi 30732 1 mptspi
mptscsih 40150 1 mptspi
libata 238896 5 ahci,pata_acpi,libahci,ata_generic,ata_piix
e1000 137500 0
serio_raw 13413 0
mptbase 105960 2 mptspi,mptscsih
i2c_core 40756 3 drm,i2c_piix4,drm_kms_helper
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$
查看內核模塊引數 modinfo
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ modinfo kvm # 查看內核模塊引數
filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko.xz
license: GPL
author: Qumranet
rhelversion: 7.4
srcversion: FA3AAB0FB1DD5C7B9D69811
depends: irqbypass
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key
sig_key: DA:18:7D:CA:7D:BE:53:AB:05:BD:13:BD:0C:4E:21:F4:22:B6:A4:9C
sig_hashalgo: sha256
parm: ignore_msrs:bool
parm: min_timer_period_us:uint
parm: kvmclock_periodic_sync:bool
parm: tsc_tolerance_ppm:uint
parm: lapic_timer_advance_ns:uint
parm: vector_hashing:bool
parm: halt_poll_ns:uint
parm: halt_poll_ns_grow:uint
parm: halt_poll_ns_shrink:uint
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$
內核模塊調優之嵌套虛擬化設定
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ modinfo kvm
filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64/kernel/arch/x86/kvm/kvm.ko.xz
license: GPL
author: Qumranet
rhelversion: 7.4
srcversion: FA3AAB0FB1DD5C7B9D69811
depends: irqbypass
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key
sig_key: DA:18:7D:CA:7D:BE:53:AB:05:BD:13:BD:0C:4E:21:F4:22:B6:A4:9C
sig_hashalgo: sha256
parm: ignore_msrs:bool
parm: min_timer_period_us:uint
parm: kvmclock_periodic_sync:bool
parm: tsc_tolerance_ppm:uint
parm: lapic_timer_advance_ns:uint
parm: vector_hashing:bool
parm: halt_poll_ns:uint
parm: halt_poll_ns_grow:uint
parm: halt_poll_ns_shrink:uint
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/proc/sys/vm]
└─$ modinfo kvm | grep ignore_msrs # 設定允許嵌套虛擬化
parm: ignore_msrs:bool
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$ echo "options kvm ignore_msrs=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf ##從起機器
如何限制服務的資源占用
資源消耗分為用戶和服務，消耗：CPU，記憶體和 I/O
經典的限制通過 pam_limit 模塊配合 /etc/security/limits.conf 實作（用戶）
用戶登錄會加載pam_limit模塊，pam_limit模塊讀取組態檔 /etc/security/limits.conf限制用戶資源的占用
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
# - a user name
# - a group name, with @group syntax
# - the wildcard *, for default entry
# - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
# for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
# - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
# - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
# - core - limits the core file size (KB) 核心檔案大小
# - data - max data size (KB)
# - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
# - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
# - nofile - max number of open file descriptors # 訪問檔案數量
# - rss - max resident set size (KB)
# - stack - max stack size (KB)
# - cpu - max CPU time (MIN) # cup時間
# - nproc - max number of processes
# - as - address space limit (KB)
# - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user #最多的登錄數
# - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
# - priority - the priority to run user process with
# - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
# - sigpending - max number of pending signals
# - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
# - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
# - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain> <type> <item> <value>
#
#* soft core 0
#* hard rss 10000
#@student hard nproc 20
#@faculty soft nproc 20
#@faculty hard nproc 50
#ftp hard nproc 0
#@student - maxlogins 4
# End of file
限制服務的資源之限制用戶通過ssh的登錄數
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$vim /etc/security/limits.conf
student hard maxlogins 4
也可以通過 cgroup 實作資源的限制(服務)
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$ md5sum /dev/urandom & #啟動一個行程 cpu100%
[1] 38162
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$ top
top - 13:37:42 up 4:10, 1 user, load average: 1.03, 0.80, 0.43
Tasks: 158 total, 2 running, 156 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 2.0 us, 53.9 sy, 0.0 ni, 43.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.8 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 4030172 total, 3637840 free, 207252 used, 185080 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 10485756 total, 10485756 free, 0 used. 3575580 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
861 etcd 20 0 10.254g 22572 11092 S 9.7 0.6 22:07.49 etcd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1.7 0.0 0:28.00 rcu_sched
595 root 20 0 298868 6260 4916 S 1.6 0.2 2:27.63 vmtoolsd
371 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.4 0.0 1:23.11 xfsaild/sda1
1 root 20 0 51688 3960 2624 S 0.4 0.1 0:31.08 systemd
36765 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.2 0.0 0:03.13 kworker/1:0
583 root 20 0 21616 1284 972 S 0.2 0.0 0:09.59 irqbalance
857 root 20 0 573468 16760 6020 S 0.2 0.4 0:14.24 tuned
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.2 0.0 0:06.16 ksoftirqd/1
864 root 20 0 1015116 42652 13740 S 0.1 1.1 0:22.33 containerd
853 root 20 0 228220 5128 3240 S 0.1 0.1 0:09.13 httpd
594 root 20 0 224504 12424 3348 S 0.1 0.3 0:08.61 rsyslogd
649 chrony 20 0 117704 1772 1312 S 0.1 0.0 0:03.47 chronyd
7604 root 20 0 151984 5352 4088 R 0.1 0.1 0:05.89 sshd
38166 root 20 0 161908 2264 1556 R 0.1 0.1 0:00.10 top
1055 root 20 0 81744 3132 2168 S 0.0 0.1 0:10.09 pmdalinux
8095 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.54 kworker/u256:0
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.17 watchdog/1
1051 root 20 0 81628 2700 1912 S 0.0 0.1 0:03.07 pmdaproc
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.09 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.56 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.08 migration/0
[1]+ Terminated md5sum /dev/urandom
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/etc/modprobe.d]
└─$
現在我們把這個寫成一個服務，然后通過cgroup做簡單限制，
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ vim /etc/systemd/system/md5sum.service
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ cat /etc/systemd/system/md5sum.service
[Unit]
Description=MD5 Demo
[Service]
CPUQuota=40%
ExecStart=/usr/bin/md5sum /dev/urandom
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ systemctl daemon-reload
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ systemctl start md5sum.service
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ top
top - 19:12:14 up 9:44, 1 user, load average: 0.29, 0.20, 0.11
Tasks: 159 total, 2 running, 157 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 0.5 us, 20.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 78.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.4 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 4030172 total, 3606960 free, 209832 used, 213380 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 10485756 total, 10485756 free, 0 used. 3558764 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
59598 root 20 0 107920 612 516 R 39.7 0.0 0:02.54 md5sum ##CPU限制為40%
861 etcd 20 0 10.254g 22572 11092 S 6.3 0.6 51:24.88 etcd
59601 root 20 0 161908 2268 1560 R 1.0 0.1 0:00.08 top
595 root 20 0 298868 6260 4916 S 0.7 0.2 5:35.80 vmtoolsd
1 root 20 0 51688 4000 2648 S 0.3 0.1 1:15.99 systemd
9 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 0:50.90 rcu_sched
371 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.3 0.0 3:02.41 xfsaild/sda1
6671 root 20 0 1309148 66444 25620 S 0.3 1.6 0:48.35 dockerd
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.13 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.25 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/0:0H
7 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.39 migration/0
8 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rcu_bh
10 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.13 watchdog/0
11 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.80 watchdog/1
12 root rt 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.72 migration/1
13 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:11.18 ksoftirqd/1
15 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kworker/1:0H
17 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 kdevtmpfs
18 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 netns
19 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.08 khungtaskd
20 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 writeback
21 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kintegrityd
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
這個具體小伙伴可以看看這篇博客: https://blog.csdn.net/sanhewuyang/article/details/120735766
關于cgroup引數設定可以使用幫助檔案
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ man -k systemd
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ man systemd.resource-control
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$
為 systemd unit 實作資源限制
這個老師沒講，以后研究下，應該也和cgroup有關
自定義tuned調優配置集：
tuned 實作系統傻瓜化和集成化調優,作業系統預裝多個調優場景配置集,這是一道RHCAS的考試題
查看調優策略
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ tuned-adm list
Available profiles:
- balanced - General non-specialized tuned profile
- desktop - Optimize for the desktop use-case
- latency-performance - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption
- network-latency - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption, focused on low latency network performance
- network-throughput - Optimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G+ networks
- powersave - Optimize for low power consumption
- throughput-performance - Broadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads
- virtual-guest - Optimize for running inside a virtual guest
- virtual-host - Optimize for running KVM guests
Current active profile: virtual-guest
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ tuned-adm recommend # 查看推薦的策略
virtual-guest
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ tuned-adm profile virtual-guest
調優策略位置
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[~]
└─$ cd /usr/lib/tuned/;ls ## 調優引數
balanced latency-performance powersave virtual-guest
desktop network-latency recommend.conf virtual-host
functions network-throughput throughput-performance
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned]
└─$ cd virtual-guest/
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$ ls
tuned.conf
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$ cat tuned.conf
#
# tuned configuration
#
[main]
summary=Optimize for running inside a virtual guest
include=throughput-performance
[sysctl]
# If a workload mostly uses anonymous memory and it hits this limit, the entire
# working set is buffered for I/O, and any more write buffering would require
# swapping, so it's time to throttle writes until I/O can catch up. Workloads
# that mostly use file mappings may be able to use even higher values.
#
# The generator of dirty data starts writeback at this percentage (system default
# is 20%)
vm.dirty_ratio = 30
# Filesystem I/O is usually much more efficient than swapping, so try to keep
# swapping low. It's usually safe to go even lower than this on systems with
# server-grade storage.
vm.swappiness = 30
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$
在/etc/tuned目錄中編輯自定義tuned profile,配置集中的條目可以相互參考，并通過各種plugin自定義
獲取 yum倉庫的tuned profile
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$ yum list | grep tuned
tuned.noarch 2.8.0-5.el7 @anaconda
tuned.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-gtk.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-profiles-atomic.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-profiles-compat.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-profiles-cpu-partitioning.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-profiles-mssql.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-profiles-oracle.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-utils.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
tuned-utils-systemtap.noarch 2.11.0-11.el7_9 updates
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$ yum -y install tuned-profiles-oracle.noarch
....
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$ tuned-adm list
Available profiles:
- balanced - General non-specialized tuned profile
- desktop - Optimize for the desktop use-case
- hpc-compute - Optimize for HPC compute workloads
- latency-performance - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption
- network-latency - Optimize for deterministic performance at the cost of increased power consumption, focused on low latency network performance
- network-throughput - Optimize for streaming network throughput, generally only necessary on older CPUs or 40G+ networks
- oracle - Optimize for Oracle RDBMS
- powersave - Optimize for low power consumption
- throughput-performance - Broadly applicable tuning that provides excellent performance across a variety of common server workloads
- virtual-guest - Optimize for running inside a virtual guest
- virtual-host - Optimize for running KVM guests
Current active profile: virtual-guest
┌──[root@liruilongs.github.io]-[/usr/lib/tuned/virtual-guest]
└─$
通過SystemTap配置內核模塊進行系統底層分析：
嗯，這部分有些復雜，有些包需要訂閱，先記錄下，以后有機會學習
| 通過SystemTap配置內核模塊進行系統底層分析： |
|---|
| SystemTap 可以簡易的探索測量 kernel 中任意部件 |
| Kernel開發者通過kprobe在kernel功能前后加入測驗代碼 |
| SystemTap需要gcc，kernel-debuginfo,kernel-devel軟體支持 |
| stap命令將*.stp腳本檔案編譯為kernel模塊，通過staprun命令運行 |
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/qita/335354.html
標籤：其他