OpenCV C++案例實戰八《基于Hu矩輪廓匹配》
- 前言
- 一、查找輪廓
- 二、計算Hu矩
- 三、顯示效果
- 四、原始碼
- 總結
前言
本文將使用OpenCV C++ 基于Hu矩進行輪廓匹配,
一、查找輪廓
原圖

測驗圖

vector<vector<Point>>findContour(Mat Image)
{
Mat gray;
cvtColor(Image, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Mat thresh;
threshold(gray, thresh, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV | THRESH_OTSU);
vector<vector<Point>>contours;
findContours(thresh, contours, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_NONE);
vector<vector<Point>>EffectConts;
for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
double area = contourArea(contours[i]);
if (area > 1000)
{
EffectConts.push_back(contours[i]);
}
}
return EffectConts;
}

如圖所示,這就是找到的最外輪廓,接下來,我們基于輪廓進行匹配,
二、計算Hu矩
OpenCV提供moments API計算影像的中心矩;HuMoments API用于中心矩計算Hu矩,關于moments HuMoments相關知識請大家自行查找,
Moments m_test = moments(test_contours[0]);
Mat hu_test;
HuMoments(m_test, hu_test);
double MinDis = 1000;
int MinIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < src_contours.size(); i++)
{
Moments m_src = moments(src_contours[i]);
Mat hu_src;
HuMoments(m_src, hu_src);
double dist = matchShapes(hu_test, hu_src, CONTOURS_MATCH_I1, 0);
if (dist < MinDis)
{
MinDis = dist;
MinIndex = i;
}
}
上面代碼段大致思路是:首先計算測驗圖的Hu矩;然后使用一個for回圈計算原圖中所有輪廓的Hu矩,依次計算兩Hu矩的相似程度,在這里使用matchShapes API計算兩個Hu矩,函式回傳值代表兩Hu矩的相似程度,完全相同回傳值為0,即這里通過計算兩Hu矩的相似程度,找到回傳值最小的那個作為成功匹配,
三、顯示效果
drawContours(src, src_contours, MinIndex, Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2);
Rect rect = boundingRect(src_contours[MinIndex]);
rectangle(src, rect, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2);
最終效果如圖所示,


四、原始碼
#include<iostream>
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
vector<vector<Point>>findContour(Mat Image)
{
Mat gray;
cvtColor(Image, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Mat thresh;
threshold(gray, thresh, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV | THRESH_OTSU);
vector<vector<Point>>contours;
findContours(thresh, contours, RETR_EXTERNAL, CHAIN_APPROX_NONE);
vector<vector<Point>>EffectConts;
for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
{
double area = contourArea(contours[i]);
if (area > 1000)
{
EffectConts.push_back(contours[i]);
}
}
return EffectConts;
}
int main()
{
Mat src = imread("test/hand.jpg");
Mat test = imread("test/test-3.jpg");
if (src.empty() || test.empty())
{
cout << "No Image!" << endl;
system("pause");
return -1;
}
vector<vector<Point>>src_contours;
vector<vector<Point>>test_contours;
src_contours = findContour(src);
test_contours = findContour(test);
Moments m_test = moments(test_contours[0]);
Mat hu_test;
HuMoments(m_test, hu_test);
double MinDis = 1000;
int MinIndex = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < src_contours.size(); i++)
{
Moments m_src = moments(src_contours[i]);
Mat hu_src;
HuMoments(m_src, hu_src);
double dist = matchShapes(hu_test, hu_src, CONTOURS_MATCH_I1, 0);
if (dist < MinDis)
{
MinDis = dist;
MinIndex = i;
}
}
drawContours(src, src_contours, MinIndex, Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2);
Rect rect = boundingRect(src_contours[MinIndex]);
rectangle(src, rect, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2);
imshow("test", test);
imshow("Demo", src);
waitKey(0);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
總結
本文使用OpenCV C++基于Hu矩輪廓匹配,關鍵步驟有以下幾點,
1、查找輪廓,在這里,我是基于最外輪廓進行匹配,
2、計算輪廓的Hu矩,然后使用matchShapes計算兩Hu矩的距離,以此來判斷匹配程度,
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標籤:其他
