C語言貪吃蛇-有解無憂

基于C語言撰寫的貪吃蛇
開發環境：VS2019
這是一個基于C語言鏈表開發的貪吃蛇游戲
其實貪吃蛇游戲要解決的主要問題就是
1、這個游戲的基本組成元素和架構
2、如何初始化貪吃蛇并正常行走
3、如何判斷事件發生
代碼中運用到了鍵盤虛擬鍵判斷、終端視窗大小的改變、游標的定位以及輸出字體的顏色
轉載本文章，請標注原創！
若有不懂的地方，可以在評論區給我留言
代碼如下：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define R 'R'
#define L 'L'
#define U 'U'
#define D 'D'
typedef struct Node
{
	int x;
	int y;
	struct Node* next;
}snake;

char FORWARD_DIRECTION;   //定義當前前進的方向
snake* head, * p, * nexthead;//蛇頭指標、創建貪吃蛇的間接指標、下一步生成的頭指標、尾指標
snake* food;//隨機生成的食物
int grade = 0;   //當前得分
int addGrade = 5;  //加的分數隨速度而增加
int sleepTime = 250; //貪吃蛇停頓的時間，可通過修改停頓時間改變貪吃蛇前進的速度

void hideCursor();   //定義隱藏游標函式
void gotoxy(int x, int y);  //移動游標函式
void color(int c); //設定接下來輸出字體的顏色
void createMap(); //創建地圖函式
void initSnake();  //初始化貪吃蛇函式
void speedUp();  //加速函式
void speedDown(); //減速函式
void createFood();  //隨機生成食物函式
void collideWall();  //檢測撞墻函式
void collideSelf();  //檢測是否撞到自己
void moveSnake();  //貪吃蛇移動函式
void gradeBoard();  //顯示得分板函式
void endGame();   //結束游戲函式
void keyboardControl();   //檢測鍵盤按鍵函式
void welcometoGame();   //初始化函式


void hideCursor()   //定義隱藏游標函式
{
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor;
	cursor.bVisible = FALSE;
	cursor.dwSize = sizeof(cursor);
	HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(handle, &cursor);
}


void gotoxy(int x, int y) 
{       //移動游標到相應位置
	COORD c = { x, y };
	SetConsoleCursorPosition(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}


void color(int c) 
{               //設定接下來輸出字符的顏色
	SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), c);
}

void createMap() 
{    //創建地圖
	system("mode con cols=150 lines=30");
	system("cls");
	color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
	for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++) 
	{  //上邊框
		printf("■");
	}
	for (int i = 1; i <= 28; i++) 
	{   //左右邊框
		gotoxy(0, i);
		printf("■");
		gotoxy(78, i);
		printf("■");
	}
	gotoxy(0, 29);
	for (int i = 1; i <= 40; i++) 
	{  //上邊框
		printf("■");
	}
}

void initSnake() 
{
	snake* tail;
	color(15);
	head = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
	head->x = 36;
	head->y = 12;
	p = head;
	for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {

		tail = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
		tail->x = head->x + 2 * i;
		tail->y = head->y;
		p->next = tail;
		p = tail;
	}
	p->next = NULL;
	p = head;                  //記錄下頭指標的位置
	gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
	while (head != NULL) 
	{
		printf("■");
		head = head->next;
	}
	gotoxy(149, 29);
}

void speedUp()    //通過減小sleepTime加快速度，但sleepTime不能小于100
{
	if (sleepTime > 50)
	{
		sleepTime = sleepTime - 50; addGrade++;
	}
}

void speedDown()  //通過增大sleepTime減慢速度，但sleepTime不能大于500
{
	if (sleepTime < 450)
	{
		sleepTime = sleepTime + 50; addGrade--;
	}
}

void createFood() 
{   //隨機生成食物
	byte i;   
	head = p;
	food = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
	food->next = NULL;
	while (1)
	{
		i = 0;                             //每次回圈時重置i為0，若此條陳述句放在外部while陳述句外部，當隨機生成的食物與蛇身重疊時，i被置1
										   //此時i就一直為1，將陷入死回圈
		food->x = rand() % 75 + 2;         //注意在范圍內生成的數要為偶數，要與蛇頭對齊
		food->y = rand() % 25 + 2;
		while (head != NULL) 
		{
			if (food->x == head->x && food->y == head->y)
				i = 1;
			head = head->next;
		}                            //重置head的值，當隨機生成的食物與蛇身重疊時，又從外部while的第一條陳述句開始執行
		head = p;					 //，此時若沒有重置head的值，內嵌的while將直接跳過，沒有二次判斷
		if (food->x % 2 == 0 && food->y % 2 == 0 && i == 0)
			break;
		
	}
	gotoxy(food->x, food->y);
	color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
	printf("■");
}

void collideWall() {
	if (head->x == 0)
		endGame();
	if (head->x == 78)
		endGame();
	if (head->y == 0)
		endGame();
	if (head->y == 29)
		endGame();
}

void collideSelf() {
	head = head->next;
	while (head != NULL)
	{
		if (head->x == p->x && head->y == p->y)
			endGame();
		head = head->next;
	}
	head = p;
}

void moveSnake() 
{
	color(15);
	head = p;                //初始化頭指標的位置
	if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == L) 
	{
		//gotoxy(100, 3);
		nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
		nexthead->x = head->x - 2;
		nexthead->y = head->y;
		nexthead->next = head;
		head = nexthead;             //頭指標指向新開創的空間
		p = head;                    //記錄下頭指標的值
		collideWall();
		collideSelf();
		gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
		printf("■");
		if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)    //若吃到了食物，則尾部不清除
		{
			free(food);
			grade = grade + addGrade;
			createFood();
		}
		else {                                           //若沒有吃到食物，則清除尾部，保持原有長度
			while (head->next->next != NULL)
			{      //此處注意
				head = head->next;
			}
			gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y);    //通過next釋放尾部是因為直接釋放尾部會導致next指向混亂
			printf("  ");
			free(head->next);
			head->next = NULL;
		}
		head = p;
	}
	if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == U) 
	{
		//gotoxy(100, 3);
		nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
		nexthead->x = head->x;
		nexthead->y = head->y - 1;
		nexthead->next = head;
		head = nexthead;
		p = head;
		gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
		printf("■");
		collideWall();
		collideSelf();
		if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
		{
			free(food);
			grade = grade + addGrade;
			createFood();
		}
		else {
			while (head->next->next != NULL)
			{      //此處注意
				head = head->next;
			}
			gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y);    //通過next釋放尾部是因為直接釋放尾部會導致next指向混亂
			printf("  ");
			free(head->next);
			head->next = NULL;
		}
		head = p;
	}
	if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == R) 
	{
		//gotoxy(100, 3);
		nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
		nexthead->x = head->x + 2;
		nexthead->y = head->y;
		nexthead->next = head;
		head = nexthead;
		p = head;
		gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
		printf("■");
		collideWall();
		collideSelf();
		if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
		{
			free(food);
			grade = grade + addGrade;
			createFood();
		}
		else {
			while (head->next->next != NULL)
			{      //此處注意
				head = head->next;
			}
			gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y);    //通過next釋放尾部是因為直接釋放尾部會導致next指向混亂
			printf("  ");
			free(head->next);
			head->next = NULL;
		}
		head = p;
	}
	if (FORWARD_DIRECTION == D) 
	{
		//gotoxy(100, 3);
		nexthead = (snake*)malloc(sizeof(snake));
		nexthead->x = head->x;
		nexthead->y = head->y + 1;
		nexthead->next = head;
		head = nexthead;
		p = head;
		gotoxy(head->x, head->y);
		printf("■");
		collideWall();
		collideSelf();
		if (head->x == food->x && head->y == food->y)
		{
			free(food);
			grade = grade + addGrade;
			createFood();
		}
		else {
			while (head->next->next != NULL)
			{      //此處注意
				head = head->next;
			}
			gotoxy(head->next->x, head->next->y);    //通過next釋放尾部是因為直接釋放尾部會導致next指向混亂
			printf("  ");
			free(head->next);
			head->next = NULL;
		}
		head = p;
	}
}

void gradeBoard() 
{
	gotoxy(100, 12);
	color(4);
	printf("得分：%d  ", grade);

	gotoxy(100, 14);
	printf("每個食物得分： %d分", addGrade);
	gotoxy(100, 16);
	printf("碰墻或碰到自己即Game Over.");
	gotoxy(100, 18);
	printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移動");
	gotoxy(100, 20);
	printf("F1 加速，F2 減速");
	gotoxy(100, 22);
	printf("空格space：暫停游戲");
	gotoxy(100, 24);
	printf("ESC ：退出游戲");
}

void endGame() {
	system("cls");
	gotoxy(66, 10);
	color(12 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
	printf("游戲結束");
	gotoxy(64, 12);
	printf("您的得分為：%d", grade);
	gotoxy(61, 14);
	printf("再按一次ESC退出游戲");
	while (1)
	{
		Sleep(300);
		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
			exit(0);
	}
}

void keyboardControl() 
{
	FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;
	while (1) 
	{
		gradeBoard();
		if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != D) 
		{
			FORWARD_DIRECTION = U;
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != U) 
		{
			FORWARD_DIRECTION = D;
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != R) 
		{
			FORWARD_DIRECTION = L;
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) && FORWARD_DIRECTION != L) 
		{
			FORWARD_DIRECTION = R;
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F1))          //按F1加快速度
		{
			speedUp();
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F2))            //按F2減慢速度
		{
			speedDown();
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))     //空格鍵暫停
		{
			while (1)
			{
				if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))    //在暫停時也能回應ESC鍵退出游戲
				{
					endGame();
				}
				gotoxy(100, 8);
				color(4);
				printf("Pause.");
				Sleep(300);
				if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))
				{
					gotoxy(100, 8);
					printf("Start.");
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			endGame();
		}
		moveSnake();
		Sleep(sleepTime);     //通過改變sleepTime大小更改貪吃蛇速度
	}
}

void welcometoGame()
{
	char n;
	color(15);
	gotoxy(42, 10);
	printf("Wecome to snake.");
	color(12);
	gotoxy(20, 27);
	printf("按1開始游戲");
	gotoxy(65, 27);
	printf("按任意除1按鍵退出游戲");
	color(3 | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
	gotoxy(40, 14);
	printf("每個食物得分： %d分", addGrade);
	gotoxy(38, 16);
	printf("碰墻或咬到自己即Game Over.");
	gotoxy(38, 18);
	printf("↑ ↓ ← →控制蛇的移動");
	gotoxy(41, 20);
	printf("F1 加速，F2 減速");
	gotoxy(40, 22);
	printf("空格space：暫停游戲");
	gotoxy(43, 24);
	printf("ESC ：退出游戲");
	gotoxy(43, 28);
	printf("please select:");
	n = getch();
	switch (n)
	{
	case '1':
	{
		createMap();
		initSnake();
		createFood();
		keyboardControl();
		break;
	}
	default:exit(0);
	}
}

int main() 
{
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	hideCursor();
	//SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_BLUE);
	//printf("Hello, World");
	//system("cls");
	welcometoGame();


}
運行截圖：
在這里插入圖片描述

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C語言 貪吃蛇

C語言貪吃蛇
