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使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

尊重原創著作權: https://www.gewuweb.com/sitemap.html

kubeadm是官方社區推出的一個用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具，

這個工具能通過兩條指令完成一個kubernetes集群的部署：

# 創建一個Master節點
$ kubeadm init

# 將一個Node節點加入到當前集群中
$ kubeadm join <Master節點的IP和埠>

安裝要求

在開始之前，部署Kubernetes集群機器需要滿足以下幾個條件：

一臺或多臺機器，作業系統CentOS7.x-86_64（個人選擇CentOS7.2）
硬體配置：2GB或更多RAM，2個CPU或更多CPU，硬碟30GB或更多（個人嘗試虛擬機只分配1個CPU、1G記憶體，在kubeadm init和kubectl apply -f時出錯）
可以訪問外網，需要拉取鏡像，如果服務器不能上網，需要提前下載鏡像并匯入節點
禁止swap磁區

準備環境

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

角色

---|---

master

192.168.1.146

node1

192.168.1.145

node2

192.168.1.144

# 關閉防火墻 如果是minimal安裝，默認沒有裝firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

#關閉selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久
setenforce 0 #臨時

#關閉swap
swapoff -a #臨時
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久

#根據規劃設定主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> #分別設定為k8s-master、k8s-node1、k8s-node2
hostname #確認是否配置生效

#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.146 k8s-master
192.168.1.145 k8s-node1
192.168.1.144 k8s-node2
EOF
ping k8s-node1 #確認配置生效

#將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system #生效

#時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

所有節點安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默認CRI（容器運行時）為Docker，因此先安裝Docker，

3.1 安裝Docker

$ yum install -y wget
$ Total download size: 547 k$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version #確認版本為18.06.1-ce.build e68fc7a



$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

3.2 添加阿里云YUM軟體源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.3 安裝kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新頻繁，這里指定版本號部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet

部署Kubernetes Master

在192.168.1.146（k8s-master）執行，

$ kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.146 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
初始程序中，可以clone session，在另一個視窗中輸入docker images，查看拉取的鏡像，
確認看到“Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!”則表明初始化成功，

由于默認拉取鏡像地址k8s.gcr.io國內無法訪問，這里指定阿里云鏡像倉庫地址，

使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes

加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.1.145（k8s-node1）和192.168.1.144（k8s-node2）執行，

向集群添加新節點，執行在kubeadm init輸出的kubeadm join命令：

$ kubeadm join 192.168.1.146:6443 --token oslxvk.o4511j5kfhamf5ct \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9e8066adee832cb648fdd062a049d795b8a48428bdd7f31bed97e8c829c7cf74 



k8s-node1和k8s-node2加入成功后，可執行以下命令查看：
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady   master   17m   v1.18.0
k8s-node1    NotReady   <none>   6s    v1.18.0
k8s-node2    NotReady   <none>   85s   v1.18.0

此時仍為NotReady狀態，需要執行“部署CNI網路插件”，狀態才可以修改為Running

默認token有效期為24小時，當過期之后，該token就不可用了，這時就需要重新創建token，操作如下：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

部署CNI網路插件

#raw.githubusercontent.com已經無法正常訪問
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

創建kube-flanne.yml檔案

cat <<EOF > kube-flannel.yml
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
EOF



$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #部署CNI網路插件
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system #需要等待20分鐘，之后查看所有pod都處于running狀態
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7ff77c879f-5kjnf      1/1     Running   0          75m
coredns-7ff77c879f-jj46z      1/1     Running   0          75m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-jvxfw   1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ljdnf   1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-n9rhm   1/1     Running   0          28s
kube-proxy-fbznb              1/1     Running   0          75m
kube-proxy-j7jw7              1/1     Running   0          59m
kube-proxy-t4m4t              1/1     Running   0          60m

$ kubectl get nodes #查看所有節點都屬于ready狀態
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    master   77m   v1.18.0
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>   60m   v1.18.0
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>   61m   v1.18.0

測驗kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中創建一個pod，驗證是否正常運行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx exposed

$ kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-f89759699-zc6h8   1/1     Running   0          2m3s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        82m
service/nginx        NodePort    10.96.13.85   <none>        80:30329/TCP   9s

訪問任一節點地址的30329埠：如

http://192.168.1.145:30329，出現如下圖片所示則表示訪問成功，

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

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使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

kubeadm是官方社區推出的一個用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具，

這個工具能通過兩條指令完成一個kubernetes集群的部署：

# 創建一個Master節點
$ kubeadm init

# 將一個Node節點加入到當前集群中
$ kubeadm join <Master節點的IP和埠>

安裝要求

在開始之前，部署Kubernetes集群機器需要滿足以下幾個條件：

一臺或多臺機器，作業系統CentOS7.x-86_64（個人選擇CentOS7.2）
硬體配置：2GB或更多RAM，2個CPU或更多CPU，硬碟30GB或更多（個人嘗試虛擬機只分配1個CPU、1G記憶體，在kubeadm init和kubectl apply -f時出錯）
可以訪問外網，需要拉取鏡像，如果服務器不能上網，需要提前下載鏡像并匯入節點
禁止swap磁區

準備環境

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

角色

---|---

master

192.168.1.146

node1

192.168.1.145

node2

192.168.1.144

# 關閉防火墻 如果是minimal安裝，默認沒有裝firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

#關閉selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久
setenforce 0 #臨時

#關閉swap
swapoff -a #臨時
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久

#根據規劃設定主機名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname> #分別設定為k8s-master、k8s-node1、k8s-node2
hostname #確認是否配置生效

#在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.1.146 k8s-master
192.168.1.145 k8s-node1
192.168.1.144 k8s-node2
EOF
ping k8s-node1 #確認配置生效

#將橋接的IPv4流量傳遞到iptables的鏈
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system #生效

#時間同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

所有節點安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默認CRI（容器運行時）為Docker，因此先安裝Docker，

3.1 安裝Docker

$ yum install -y wget
$ Total download size: 547 k$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version #確認版本為18.06.1-ce.build e68fc7a



$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

3.2 添加阿里云YUM軟體源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.3 安裝kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新頻繁，這里指定版本號部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.18.0 kubeadm-1.18.0 kubectl-1.18.0
$ systemctl enable kubelet

部署Kubernetes Master

在192.168.1.146（k8s-master）執行，

$ kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.146 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.18.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
初始程序中，可以clone session，在另一個視窗中輸入docker images，查看拉取的鏡像，
確認看到“Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!”則表明初始化成功，

由于默認拉取鏡像地址k8s.gcr.io國內無法訪問，這里指定阿里云鏡像倉庫地址，

使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes

加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.1.145（k8s-node1）和192.168.1.144（k8s-node2）執行，

向集群添加新節點，執行在kubeadm init輸出的kubeadm join命令：

$ kubeadm join 192.168.1.146:6443 --token oslxvk.o4511j5kfhamf5ct \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:9e8066adee832cb648fdd062a049d795b8a48428bdd7f31bed97e8c829c7cf74 



k8s-node1和k8s-node2加入成功后，可執行以下命令查看：
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   NotReady   master   17m   v1.18.0
k8s-node1    NotReady   <none>   6s    v1.18.0
k8s-node2    NotReady   <none>   85s   v1.18.0

此時仍為NotReady狀態，需要執行“部署CNI網路插件”，狀態才可以修改為Running

默認token有效期為24小時，當過期之后，該token就不可用了，這時就需要重新創建token，操作如下：

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

部署CNI網路插件

#raw.githubusercontent.com已經無法正常訪問
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

創建kube-flanne.yml檔案

cat <<EOF > kube-flannel.yml
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
EOF



$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml #部署CNI網路插件
podsecuritypolicy.policy/psp.flannel.unprivileged created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.apps/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created

$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system #需要等待20分鐘，之后查看所有pod都處于running狀態
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-7ff77c879f-5kjnf      1/1     Running   0          75m
coredns-7ff77c879f-jj46z      1/1     Running   0          75m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-jvxfw   1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-ljdnf   1/1     Running   0          26m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-n9rhm   1/1     Running   0          28s
kube-proxy-fbznb              1/1     Running   0          75m
kube-proxy-j7jw7              1/1     Running   0          59m
kube-proxy-t4m4t              1/1     Running   0          60m

$ kubectl get nodes #查看所有節點都屬于ready狀態
NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
k8s-master   Ready    master   77m   v1.18.0
k8s-node1    Ready    <none>   60m   v1.18.0
k8s-node2    Ready    <none>   61m   v1.18.0

測驗kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中創建一個pod，驗證是否正常運行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/nginx created

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
service/nginx exposed

$ kubectl get pod,svc
NAME                        READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-f89759699-zc6h8   1/1     Running   0          2m3s

NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1     <none>        443/TCP        82m
service/nginx        NodePort    10.96.13.85   <none>        80:30329/TCP   9s

訪問任一節點地址的30329埠：如

http://192.168.1.145:30329，出現如下圖片所示則表示訪問成功，

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

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2022使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群實驗筆記

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

安裝要求

準備環境

所有節點安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

部署Kubernetes Master

加入Kubernetes Node

部署CNI網路插件

測驗kubernetes集群

使用kubeadm快速部署一個k8s集群（親測有效）

安裝要求

準備環境

所有節點安裝Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

部署Kubernetes Master

加入Kubernetes Node

部署CNI網路插件

測驗kubernetes集群