# 經濟學人精讀筆記19：憑一己之力引爆韓國疫情的邪教，究竟為何物
標簽（空格分隔）： 經濟學人
Part 1
Apocalypse, but no deliverance
Cults and coronavirus to do not mix—or perhaps mix only too well.
Take South Korea which, until recently overtaken by Italy, had the highest number of covid-19 infections outside China. Of 7,869 diagnosed cases, three-fifths trace back to a sect called the Shincheonji Church of Jesus.
災難，而不是救贖
邪教和冠狀病毒本無關聯，現又密切相關
以韓國為例，韓國本是中國境外感染人數最多的國家，最近被意大利趕超，韓國7，869例確診病例中，五分之三來源于一個名為“新天地帳幕圣殿耶穌教”的邪教，
- apocalypse n./?’p?k?l?ps/天啟，啟示錄，世界末日
啟示錄，是指由天象、征兆、預言、或是先知的啟示，將會對整個世界造成何種的影響，一般用于預言災難、戰爭、毀滅、或是神的再度降臨等，
比如瑪雅人預言2012年為世界末日，就是“the Mayan apocalypse”瑪雅末日論
Film-makers may have to find a new apocalyptic location.而制片人也許得找一個新的末日似的拍攝地點了，[經濟學人]
-
deliverance n./d?’l?v(?)r(?)ns/救贖，解脫
But God sent me ahead of you to preserve for you a remnant on earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance. [ Or save you as a great band of survivors ]神差我在你們以先來，為要給你們存留余種在世上，又要大施拯救，保全你們的生命，[圣經Bible] -
cult n./ k?lt /A cult is a fairly small religious group, especially one which is considered strange. 異教團體
Oh my God! He's in a cult! 哦, 我的天啦! 他入了邪教了!
- take sth 相當于take sth as an example，后面可以跟非限制性定語從句：Take sb / sth, which… [寫作優選]
Take inequality of income, which in China marched upwards between 1980 and about 2010. 比如收入不平等——中國在1980年至2010年左右呈上升趨勢，[經濟學人]
還有一個詞也可以表示“用…舉例”：consider，用法和take一樣，類似于中文的“想想…吧”，
Consider insulin, which used to be harvested from pig carcasses, and these days is made in vats of genetically modified yeast or bacteria…… Or consider Genzyme, the maker of Cerezyme and Fabrazyme, drugs for treating rare genetic disorders, which are produced in vats of hamster-ovary cells.以胰島素為例，以前需要從豬的尸體中提取它，現在可以在轉基因酵母或細菌容器中生產，或者再看看健贊公司的例子，它生產的治療罕見遺傳疾病的藥物思爾贊和 Fabrazyme 是在放有倉鼠卵巢細胞的容器中制造的，[經濟學人]
- overtake v.超越， 外刊常見用法為overtake sb as sth 指“超越某人成為…” 比如“電子支付很快超過現金，成為中國人最常用的支付方式”：Electronic payments soon overtook cash as the most popular ways to pay for things in China.[寫作優選]
The number of international students choosing to study in Australia has surged over the past few years to the point that Australia is overtaking the UK as the world’s second-biggest destination for international students, behind the US, according to researchers at University College London’s Centre for Global Higher Education.倫敦大學學院全球高等教育中心的研究人員稱，過去幾年，求學澳大利亞的留學生數量大幅增長，澳大利亞正取代英國，成為僅次于美國的全球第二大留學目的地，[金融時報]
類似的表達還有：surpass sb as… 也指“超越…成為…”，比如《經濟學人》一篇關于大興機場的文章提到：The International Air Transport Association predicts that by the mid-2020s China will surpass America as the world’s largest aviation market.，國際航空運輸協會預測，到2020年代中期中國將超過美國成為世界上最大的航空市場，
- trace作名詞指“蹤跡”，作動詞也就是“追蹤，追溯”，trace back to 追溯到...
比如《經濟學人》一篇關于美國槍支的文章提到:Gun Control has been a perennial issue in America, which can even be traced back to the founding of the United States. 美國的控槍問題由來已久，而且是老大難 的問題，可以追溯至建國初，[寫作優選]
leave /disappear without a trace指“消失得無影無蹤”
Somebody made two cops disappear without a trace. 有人讓兩名警察憑空消失，
- religious sect 宗教派別
Sect 派系：宗教上的派系稱為教派，通常不同派系的產生都是由不同一些原本存在的較大派系所分裂出來，并訂下相異的規則和理念，這個詞語有時會用在從傳統派系分裂的有負面意味的派別，例如「邪教」，
在文中與上文的 cult 做同義替換使用，
Part 2
Shincheonji’s 88-year-old founder, Lee Man-hee, is said to descend from ancient Korean kings. As the “Promised Pastor”, he is uniquely able to interpret the Book of Revelation and to foresee the apocalypse it describes. He will take 144,000 followers with him to Heaven on the Day of Judgment, apparently.
參考譯文：
該邪教創始人是88歲的李萬熙，據說他是古朝鮮王的后裔，號稱自己是“耶穌轉世”，只有李萬熙能解釋《啟示錄》，并預見書中描述的“審判日”，很顯然，在審判日來臨之時，他將帶著144，000名教徒上天堂，
- descend from … 由…傳下來的；起源于
The Westerners said that the Spirit was descended from the Father and the Son.天主教認為圣靈是由圣父和圣子傳下來的，
descendant n. [d??send?nt] a person's descendants are their children, their children's children, and all the people who live after them who are related to them 后裔；后代；子孫
They could easily be Slytherin's descendants.他們很可能是斯萊特林的后代，[Harry Potter]
offspring n.[??fspr??] a child of a particular person or couple 孩子；子女；后代
Parents who worry about their teenage offspring (which is to say, all parents) can do something, however.然而，那些為青春期子女憂心的父母（基本上就等于說所有父母了）還是可以有所作為的，[經濟學人]
subsequent generations 后代
If reproductive cells were affected, any such modifications will be passed on to subsequent generations.如果生殖細胞受到影響，任何此類的基因編輯都將遺傳給后代，[經濟學人]
-
sb. be uniquely able to do sth. 唯有某人有能力做某事
Lolo is uniquely able to heal my wounds. Lolo是唯一能治愈我傷痛的人， -
the Book of Revelation《啟示錄》，是《圣經》新約的其中一卷預言書，也是圣經中唯一一篇講述未來的文字，來源于使徒約翰所見的異象，結構跳躍但主線清晰不亂；其次，大量使用象征手法，文意飄忽，場面和氣勢驚心動魄，其中大量對后世預言式的啟示和神秘的表述常常被運用到各類作品中，【文化拓展】
-
revelation是名詞“透露, 揭露”，原型是“reveal”，
【文化拓展】the Day of Judgment 審判日，又譯作最后的審判，概念源于基督教教義，指世界將要結束，決定人類命運的一天，失喪者會從墳墓中復活，所有人被召集在上帝的審判臺前，按各人生前所行的受審判，使徒保羅在哥林多前書中說過圣徒要（參與）審判世界，還要審判（墮落的）天使，
基督教認為，在世界終結前，上帝和耶穌將要對世人進行審判，這就是末日審判，凡信仰上帝和耶齠訓督并行善者可升入天堂，不得救贖者將被投入硫磺火湖中永遠滅亡，《啟示錄》中對末日審判進行了描述， -
follower n. 仿效者；追隨者，在文中翻譯為“信徒，教徒”
我們平常說的“粉絲”也是follower，比如《紐約時報》一篇關于范冰冰的文章提到：She has more than 62 million followers on China’s equivalent of Twitter, Weibo, and appears in ads for products around the world. 她在微博上擁有逾6200萬粉絲，也常常出現在世界各地的產品廣告上，
- apocalypse n. (尤指世界末日的)啟示, 天啟
Part 3
Other Christian leaders call Shincheonji a cult. Many of its 245,000 adherents hide their membership from family and workmates. At church they worship sitting on the ground in serried ranks, are not allowed to wear glasses—or, at least until recently, face masks—and are encouraged to attend even when ill. In February one congregant with undiagnosed covid-19 infected dozens of worshippers in Daegu, a southern city.
參考譯文：
其他基督教領袖稱新天地教為邪教，在其245，000名信徒中，許多人向家庭和同事隱瞞自己的教徒身份，在教堂里，他們一排一排坐在地上，不允許戴眼鏡和口罩，最近還是如此，而且即使信徒感染了病毒，也被鼓勵參加教堂禮拜，今年2月，一名未確診教徒在韓國南部城市大邱做禮拜時感染了其他幾十名禮拜者，
-
adherent n. / ?d?h??r?nt / An adherent is someone who holds a particular belief or supports a particular person or group. 擁護者
This idea is gaining adherents. 這個想法正得到擁護者的支持， -
hide … from…對…隱瞞…
No, no. I am not gonna hide it from Phoebe.不要，我才不要對菲比遮遮掩掩的，[Friends老友記]
拓展一個地道短語：be nowhere to hide 指“無處可藏”
Websites track your interests and purchases. Mobile phones give away your location. Video cameras record what you are up to. Lose mental privacy as well, and there really will be nowhere to hide. 網站可以追蹤到你的興趣愛好和所購商品，移動電話會泄露你的方位，攝像頭記錄下你的一舉一動，同樣地，失去精神隱私實際上將會讓您無處可藏，[經濟學人]
關于hide還有一個生動表達：hide/stick one’s head in the sand，字面義是“把腦袋埋到沙子里”，引申為“逃避現實，采取鴕鳥心態”，Countries can adapt to an ageing population—by welcoming more immigrants and making it easier for mothers to do paid work—or they can stick their collective heads in the sand.各國可以通過接納更多移民、讓媽媽們更容易從事有償作業來適應老齡化，或者也可以集體逃避現實，人口結構是一股強大的力量，[經濟學人]
-
membership n.會員身份
membership fee/dues 就是“會費”
membership application 入會申請；會員申請表 -
worship v.[?w?:??p] the practice of showing respect for God or a god, by saying prayers, singing with others, etc.; a ceremony for this （對上帝或神的）崇拜，敬仰，禮拜
an act/a place of worship 禮拜；禮拜場所
worshipper n. [?w?:??p?(r)] a person who worships God or a god 崇拜上帝（或神）的人；做禮拜的人；敬神者；拜神者
regular worshippers at St Andrew's Church 經常到圣安德魯斯教堂做禮拜的人
-
serried adj./ ?s?r?d / Serried things or people are closely crowded together in rows. (人或事物)密集的; 排緊的
...the serried ranks of fans...一排排密密麻麻的粉絲， -
congregant n. /'k??gr?g(?)nt/宗教團體的成員
到此，作者已經用了四種不同的詞匯來表達“教徒” ：follower, adherent ，worshipper和congregant，英語比較忌諱重復，因此常使用替代、省同義替換等方法來避免不必要的重復，大家在自己的寫作中也記得用不同的同義詞進行替換，盡量不要重復，比如需要多次提到“求職者”這個詞，可以選用job-seeker, job-hunter, candidate等替換使用，
Part 4
Mr Lee, who has a taste for videos of white chargers and for mass games performed by his followers in stadiums, has become the butt of nationwide invective. He has therefore had to abase himself. Not long ago he blamed the epidemic on evil types jealous of Shincheonji’s success. But at a press conference last week he was on his knees apologising for his church’s role in spreading the virus. Shincheonji, he said, would do everything to help the authorities check its spread. Meanwhile, politicians are grandstanding. The mayor of Seoul wants prosecutors to investigate Mr Lee for murder through negligence. A provincial governor and presidential hopeful showed up with 40 officials at Shincheonji’s headquarters demanding a full list of members.
李萬熙喜歡看白色坐騎的視頻( 耶穌有一個白色坐騎，這里參考圣經故事)，也喜歡信徒們在體育館里的聚會，如今他已經成為全國范圍內的攻擊物件，因此他不得不低頭，不久前，他說“這次疾病是魔鬼嫉妒新天地的成功，為阻止新天地迅速成長挑起的，”但在上周的新聞發布會上，他雙膝跪地，為新天地教引起病毒爆發而道歉，他說，新天地將盡一切努力幫助當局檢查其傳播情況，與此同時，政府人員的做法安撫人心，韓國首爾市長以過失殺人罪向檢方起訴李萬熙，京畿道知事李在明（相當于中國省長級別）和總統候選人帶著40名官員親臨新天地總部，逼其交出完整的京畿道會員名單，
-
taste 愛好, 嗜好
-
chargers 坐騎
- be the butt of nationwide invective 成為全國的攻擊物件[寫作優選]
be the butt of sth相當于be the target of sth 受到嘲諷（或批評）；是笑柄（或話柄等） to be the person or thing that other people often joke about or criticize
She was the butt of some very unkind jokes. 她受到了刻薄的嘲弄，
It discourages you from packing a speech with sarky, teasing asides which, though possibly amusing to you, might be less so to those who are the butt of them.恐懼會讓你打消在演講中夾帶挖苦、戲弄性的離題話的念頭，盡管這些調侃對你可能很好玩，但對那些被當成笑柄的人來說可能就沒有那么幽默了，[金融時報]
- invective n.辱罵；咒罵
A woman had hurled racist invective at the family... 一個女人對那家人大罵有種族歧視的臟話，
abuse和 revile也都指“辱罵；斥責”
Use no reproachful language against any one; neither curse nor revile. 不要對任何人出言不遜, 切忌詛咒、辱罵他人.
-
abase v. 表現卑微，卑躬屈膝；使……降低（身份、地位等）
【記憶方法】我們知道base是名詞“底部，基礎”，前面加“a”就成為動詞“使……降低” -
epidemic n. 流行病；傳染病；風尚等的流行
-
not long ago…but now…不久前還…現在就…[寫作優選]
Not long ago children used to rile their parents by declaring they were bored, but now “being bored is something that never has to be tolerated for a moment”, writes Sherry Turkle ofMIT, an expert on digital culture.麻省理工學院的數字文化專家雪莉圖克爾(Sherry Turkle)寫道，不久前，孩子們還會常常宣稱自己感到無聊來氣他們的父母，但現在無聊沒有片刻需要被容忍”，[經濟學人] -
jealous of sth. 嫉妒
Who's gonna be jealous of me now?現在誰還會對我羨慕嫉妒恨？[破產姐妹臺詞]
jealousy n.[?d?el?si] 忌妒；妒羨；羨慕
I felt sick with jealousy. 我羨慕得要死，
-
a press conference 新聞發布會，記者見面會，the press 原義“印刷機”，現在用來借代“新聞界”，
-
on one’s knees 和on bent knees 都指“雙膝跪地”，比如：He proposed to her on bent knees.他跪著向她求婚， beg on one’s Knees 則是“跪在地上乞求”
-
role除了“角色”外，多用于“在某事中起到的作用”，比如下面兩種表達：
play a crucial role in （doing）sth. 對于做某事起著關鍵性作用
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school. 父母對孩子做好上學的準備起著至關重要的作用，
sth/sb has a vital role to play …發揮重要的作用；…扮演關鍵的角色 ，寫作中可以替換sth/sb is important[寫作優選]
Because education is a public good whose benefits spill over to all of society, governments have a vital role to play—not just by spending more, but also by spending wisely.因為教育是一種公益事業，其益處會延及整個社會，各國政府要發揮重要作用——不僅要增加投入，還得把錢花得明智，[經濟學人]
- do everything to 盡一切努力做某事，不遺余力做某事
But this is a guy who does everything to separate and frighten people.他盡他所能去分裂群眾、恐嚇群眾，[VOA]
更高級一些的表達：spare no/little effort to do sth 表示“不遺余力做某事” ，spare 義為“ 剩下”，little表示否定含義，還有spare no costs to do sth 同樣義為“不惜一切代 價做某事”，
Propaganda authorities have spared little effort.宣傳部門對此竭力全力，[經濟學人]
-
Meanwhile adv. 同時; 其間
-
grandstanding 嘩眾取寵; 討好觀眾（或媒體）
-
prosecutors n. 檢舉人;告發人;起訴人;公訴人;原告
-
investigate vt. 調查; 審查
-
murder through negligence 過失殺人罪
-
presidential hopeful 總統候選人
hopeful 多作為形容詞“有希望的”，他還可以作名詞義為“有希望成功的人”，也就是“候選人”，相當于candidate -
show up 出現
-
demand vt. 要求
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/qita/725.html
標籤：其他