MyBatis多表操作
- MyBatis多表操作
- 1 多表模型介紹
- 2 多表模型一對一操作
- 3 多表模型一對多操作
- 4 多表模型多對多操作
- 5 多表模型操作總結
MyBatis多表操作
1 多表模型介紹
- 我們之前學習的都是基于單表操作的,而實際開發中,隨著業務難度的加深,肯定需要多表操作的,
- 多表模型分類 一對一:在任意一方建立外鍵,關聯對方的主鍵,
- 一對多:在多的一方建立外鍵,關聯一的一方的主鍵,
- 多對多:借助中間表,中間表至少兩個欄位,分別關聯兩張表的主鍵,
2 多表模型一對一操作
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一對一模型: 人和身份證,一個人只有一個身份證
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代碼實作
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步驟一: sql陳述句準備
CREATE TABLE person( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20), age INT ); INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL,'張三',23); INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL,'李四',24); INSERT INTO person VALUES (NULL,'王五',25); CREATE TABLE card( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, number VARCHAR(30), pid INT, CONSTRAINT cp_fk FOREIGN KEY (pid) REFERENCES person(id) ); INSERT INTO card VALUES (NULL,'12345',1); INSERT INTO card VALUES (NULL,'23456',2); INSERT INTO card VALUES (NULL,'34567',3); -
步驟二: 創建物體類
package com.itheima.bean; public class Person { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String name; //人的姓名 private Integer age; //人的年齡 public Person() { } public Person(Integer id, String name, Integer age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }package com.itheima.bean; public class Card { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String number; //身份證號 private Person p; //所屬人的物件 public Card() { } public Card(Integer id, String number, Person p) { this.id = id; this.number = number; this.p = p; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getNumber() { return number; } public void setNumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public Person getP() { return p; } public void setP(Person p) { this.p = p; } @Override public String toString() { return "Card{" + "id=" + id + ", number='" + number + '\'' + ", p=" + p + '}'; } } -
步驟三: dao層的mapper介面定義
package com.itheima.table01; import com.itheima.bean.Card; import java.util.List; public interface OneToOneMapper { //查詢全部 public abstract List<Card> selectAll(); } -
步驟四: 映射組態檔
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.table01.OneToOneMapper"> <!--配置欄位和物體物件屬性的映射關系--> <!--仔細觀察column對應的值都是SQL陳述句中的欄位本身或者別名--> <resultMap id="oneToOne" type="card"> <id column="cid" property="id" /> <result column="number" property="number" /> <!-- association:配置被包含物件的映射關系 property:被包含物件的變數名 javaType:被包含物件的資料型別 --> <!--仔細觀察column對應的值都是SQL陳述句中的欄位本身或者別名--> <!--下面的property="p"中的p對應的是Card類中參考person物件的變數名--> <association property="p" javaType="person"> <id column="pid" property="id" /> <result column="name" property="name" /> <result column="age" property="age" /> </association> </resultMap> <select id="selectAll" resultMap="oneToOne"> SELECT c.id cid,number,pid,NAME,age FROM card c,person p WHERE c.pid=p.id </select> </mapper> -
步驟五: 測驗類(目前相當于service層實作類)
@Test public void selectAll() throws Exception{ //1.加載核心組態檔 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.獲取SqlSession工廠物件 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通過工廠物件獲取SqlSession物件 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.獲取OneToOneMapper介面的實作類物件 OneToOneMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OneToOneMapper.class); //5.呼叫實作類的方法,接收結果 List<Card> list = mapper.selectAll(); //6.處理結果 for (Card c : list) { System.out.println(c); } //7.釋放資源 sqlSession.close(); is.close(); }
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一對一配置總結:
<resultMap>:配置欄位和物件屬性的映射關系標簽, id 屬性:唯一標識 type 屬性:物體物件型別 <id>:配置主鍵映射關系標簽, <result>:配置非主鍵映射關系標簽, column 屬性:表中欄位名稱 property 屬性: 物體物件變數名稱 <association>:配置被包含物件的映射關系標簽, property 屬性:被包含物件的變數名 javaType 屬性:被包含物件的資料型別
3 多表模型一對多操作
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一對多模型: 一對多模型:班級和學生,一個班級可以有多個學生,
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代碼實作
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步驟一: sql陳述句準備
CREATE TABLE classes( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20) ); INSERT INTO classes VALUES (NULL,'一班'); INSERT INTO classes VALUES (NULL,'二班'); CREATE TABLE student( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(30), age INT, cid INT, CONSTRAINT cs_fk FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES classes(id) ); INSERT INTO student VALUES (NULL,'張三',23,1); INSERT INTO student VALUES (NULL,'李四',24,1); INSERT INTO student VALUES (NULL,'王五',25,2); INSERT INTO student VALUES (NULL,'趙六',26,2); -
步驟二: 創建物體類
package com.itheima.bean; import java.util.List; public class Student { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String name; //學生姓名 private Integer age; //學生年齡 public Student() { } public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.courses = courses; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }package com.itheima.bean; import java.util.List; public class Classes { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String name; //班級名稱 private List<Student> students; //班級中所有學生物件 public Classes() { } public Classes(Integer id, String name, List<Student> students) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.students = students; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public List<Student> getStudents() { return students; } public void setStudents(List<Student> students) { this.students = students; } @Override public String toString() { return "Classes{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", students=" + students + '}'; } } -
步驟三: dao層的mapper介面定義
package com.itheima.table02; import com.itheima.bean.Classes; import java.util.List; public interface OneToManyMapper { //查詢全部 public abstract List<Classes> selectAll(); } -
步驟四: 映射組態檔
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.table02.OneToManyMapper"> <resultMap id="oneToMany" type="classes"> <id column="cid" property="id"/> <result column="cname" property="name"/> <!-- collection:配置被包含的集合物件映射關系 property:被包含物件的變數名 ofType:被包含物件的實際資料型別 --> <!--仔細觀察column對應的值都是SQL陳述句中的欄位本身或者別名--> <!--下面的property="students"中的students對應的是Classes類中參考List<Student>物件的變數名--> <collection property="students" ofType="student"> <id column="sid" property="id"/> <result column="sname" property="name"/> <result column="sage" property="age"/> </collection> </resultMap> <select id="selectAll" resultMap="oneToMany"> SELECT c.id cid,c.name cname,s.id sid,s.name sname,s.age sage FROM classes c,student s WHERE c.id=s.cid </select> </mapper> -
步驟五: 測驗類(目前相當于service層實作類)
@Test public void selectAll() throws Exception{ //1.加載核心組態檔 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.獲取SqlSession工廠物件 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通過工廠物件獲取SqlSession物件 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.獲取OneToManyMapper介面的實作類物件 OneToManyMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(OneToManyMapper.class); //5.呼叫實作類的方法,接收結果 List<Classes> classes = mapper.selectAll(); //6.處理結果 for (Classes cls : classes) { System.out.println(cls.getId() + "," + cls.getName()); List<Student> students = cls.getStudents(); for (Student student : students) { System.out.println("\t" + student); } } //7.釋放資源 sqlSession.close(); is.close(); }
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一對多配置總結:
<resultMap>:配置欄位和物件屬性的映射關系標簽, id 屬性:唯一標識 type 屬性:物體物件型別 <id>:配置主鍵映射關系標簽, <result>:配置非主鍵映射關系標簽, column 屬性:表中欄位名稱 property 屬性: 物體物件變數名稱 <collection>:配置被包含集合物件的映射關系標簽, property 屬性:被包含集合物件的變數名 ofType 屬性:集合中保存的物件資料型別
4 多表模型多對多操作
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多對多模型:學生和課程,一個學生可以選擇多門課程、一個課程也可以被多個學生所選擇,
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代碼實作
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步驟一: sql陳述句準備
CREATE TABLE course( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20) ); INSERT INTO course VALUES (NULL,'語文'); INSERT INTO course VALUES (NULL,'數學'); CREATE TABLE stu_cr( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, sid INT, cid INT, CONSTRAINT sc_fk1 FOREIGN KEY (sid) REFERENCES student(id), CONSTRAINT sc_fk2 FOREIGN KEY (cid) REFERENCES course(id) ); INSERT INTO stu_cr VALUES (NULL,1,1); INSERT INTO stu_cr VALUES (NULL,1,2); INSERT INTO stu_cr VALUES (NULL,2,1); INSERT INTO stu_cr VALUES (NULL,2,2); -
步驟二: 創建物體類(注意:此時Course類中沒有參考Student的List Student中參考Course 沒有中間表對應的物體類 稍后會進行研究)
package com.itheima.bean; public class Course { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String name; //課程名稱 public Course() { } public Course(Integer id, String name) { this.id = id; this.name = name; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Course{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + '}'; } }package com.itheima.bean; import java.util.List; public class Student { private Integer id; //主鍵id private String name; //學生姓名 private Integer age; //學生年齡 private List<Course> courses; // 學生所選擇的課程集合 public Student() { } public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age, List<Course> courses) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.age = age; this.courses = courses; } public List<Course> getCourses() { return courses; } public void setCourses(List<Course> courses) { this.courses = courses; } public Integer getId() { return id; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } } -
步驟三: dao層的mapper介面定義
package com.itheima.table03; import com.itheima.bean.Student; import java.util.List; public interface ManyToManyMapper { //查詢全部 public abstract List<Student> selectAll(); } -
步驟四: 映射組態檔
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.itheima.table03.ManyToManyMapper"> <resultMap id="manyToMany" type="student"> <id column="sid" property="id"/> <result column="sname" property="name"/> <result column="sage" property="age"/> <collection property="courses" ofType="course"> <id column="cid" property="id"/> <result column="cname" property="name"/> </collection> </resultMap> <select id="selectAll" resultMap="manyToMany"> SELECT sc.sid,s.name sname,s.age sage,sc.cid,c.name cname FROM student s,course c,stu_cr sc WHERE sc.sid=s.id AND sc.cid=c.id </select> </mapper> -
步驟五: 測驗類(目前相當于service層實作類)
package com.itheima.table03; public class Test01 { @Test public void selectAll() throws Exception{ //1.加載核心組態檔 InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("MyBatisConfig.xml"); //2.獲取SqlSession工廠物件 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(is); //3.通過工廠物件獲取SqlSession物件 SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true); //4.獲取ManyToManyMapper介面的實作類物件 ManyToManyMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ManyToManyMapper.class); //5.呼叫實作類的方法,接收結果 List<Student> students = mapper.selectAll(); //6.處理結果 for (Student student : students) { System.out.println(student.getId() + "," + student.getName() + "," + student.getAge()); List<Course> courses = student.getCourses(); for (Course cours : courses) { System.out.println("\t" + cours); } } //7.釋放資源 sqlSession.close(); is.close(); } }
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多對多配置總結:
<resultMap>:配置欄位和物件屬性的映射關系標簽, id 屬性:唯一標識 type 屬性:物體物件型別 <id>:配置主鍵映射關系標簽, <result>:配置非主鍵映射關系標簽, column 屬性:表中欄位名稱 property 屬性: 物體物件變數名稱 <collection>:配置被包含集合物件的映射關系標簽, property 屬性:被包含集合物件的變數名 ofType 屬性:集合中保存的物件資料型別
5 多表模型操作總結
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<resultMap>:配置欄位和物件屬性的映射關系標簽, id 屬性:唯一標識 type 屬性:物體物件型別 <id>:配置主鍵映射關系標簽, <result>:配置非主鍵映射關系標簽, column 屬性:表中欄位名稱 property 屬性: 物體物件變數名稱 <association>:配置被包含物件的映射關系標簽, property 屬性:被包含物件的變數名 javaType 屬性:被包含物件的資料型別 <collection>:配置被包含集合物件的映射關系標簽, property 屬性:被包含集合物件的變數名 ofType 屬性:集合中保存的物件資料型別 -
以上案例中使用的核心組態檔MyBatisConfig.xml定義為:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!--MyBatis的DTD約束--> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <!--configuration 核心根標簽--> <configuration> <!--引入資料庫連接的組態檔--> <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/> <!--配置LOG4J--> <settings> <setting name="logImpl" value="log4j"/> </settings> <!--起別名--> <typeAliases> <package name="com.itheima.bean"/> </typeAliases> <!--environments配置資料庫環境,環境可以有多個,default屬性指定使用的是哪個--> <environments default="mysql"> <!--environment配置資料庫環境 id屬性唯一標識--> <environment id="mysql"> <!-- transactionManager事務管理, type屬性,采用JDBC默認的事務--> <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager> <!-- dataSource資料源資訊 type屬性 連接池--> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <!-- property獲取資料庫連接的配置資訊 --> <property name="driver" value="${driver}" /> <property name="url" value="${url}" /> <property name="username" value="${username}" /> <property name="password" value="${password}" /> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!-- mappers引入映射組態檔 --> <mappers> <mapper resource="com/itheima/one_to_one/OneToOneMapper.xml"/> <mapper resource="com/itheima/one_to_many/OneToManyMapper.xml"/> <mapper resource="com/itheima/many_to_many/ManyToManyMapper.xml"/> </mappers> </configuration> -
資料庫連接的組態檔jdbc.properties
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.59.143:3306/db2 username=root password=itheima -
log4j.properties
# Global logging configuration # ERROR WARN INFO DEBUG log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout # Console output... log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
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