我有一個在 Elastic Beanstalk (Amazon Linux 2) 上運行的 Rails 6 網站。我成功實施了一個使用 Certbot 生成 SSL 證書的程序,當我訪問我的網站時,一切正常。但是,當我嘗試登錄我的用戶控制臺(使用 Devise)時,我收到 422 錯誤。
Rails 生產日志
W, [2021-11-26T17:55:17.528942 #22645] WARN -- : [6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] HTTP Origin header (https://example.com) didn't match request.base_url (http://example.com)
I, [2021-11-26T17:55:17.529316 #22645] INFO -- : [6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] Completed 422 Unprocessable Entity in 1ms (ActiveRecord: 0.0ms | Allocations: 565)
F, [2021-11-26T17:55:17.530195 #22645] FATAL -- : [6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6]
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken (ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken):
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6]
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:211:in `handle_unverified_request'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:243:in `handle_unverified_request'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] devise (4.8.0) lib/devise/controllers/helpers.rb:255:in `handle_unverified_request'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/request_forgery_protection.rb:238:in `verify_authenticity_token'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:427:in `block in make_lambda'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:198:in `block (2 levels) in halting'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <module:Callbacks>'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:199:in `block in halting'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:512:in `block in invoke_before'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:512:in `each'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:512:in `invoke_before'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:115:in `block in run_callbacks'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actiontext (6.1.4.1) lib/action_text/rendering.rb:20:in `with_renderer'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actiontext (6.1.4.1) lib/action_text/engine.rb:59:in `block (4 levels) in <class:Engine>'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `instance_exec'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:126:in `block in run_callbacks'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:137:in `run_callbacks'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:41:in `process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:22:in `process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:34:in `block in process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:203:in `block in instrument'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in `instrument'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/notifications.rb:203:in `instrument'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:33:in `process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:249:in `process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activerecord (6.1.4.1) lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:27:in `process_action'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:165:in `process'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionview (6.1.4.1) lib/action_view/rendering.rb:39:in `process'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:190:in `dispatch'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_controller/metal.rb:254:in `dispatch'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:50:in `dispatch'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:33:in `serve'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:19:in `block in <class:Constraints>'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:49:in `serve'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:50:in `block in serve'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `each'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:32:in `serve'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:842:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:36:in `block in call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `catch'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] warden (1.2.9) lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/tempfile_reaper.rb:15:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/etag.rb:27:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/conditional_get.rb:40:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/head.rb:12:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/permissions_policy.rb:22:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/http/content_security_policy.rb:18:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:266:in `context'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:260:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:689:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `block in call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:98:in `run_callbacks'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:26:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/actionable_exceptions.rb:18:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:29:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:33:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] railties (6.1.4.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:37:in `call_app'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] railties (6.1.4.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `block in call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:99:in `block in tagged'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:37:in `tagged'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:99:in `tagged'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] railties (6.1.4.1) lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:26:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:81:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:26:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/method_override.rb:24:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/runtime.rb:22:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] activesupport (6.1.4.1) lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache_middleware.rb:29:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/executor.rb:14:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] rack (2.2.3) lib/rack/sendfile.rb:110:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] actionpack (6.1.4.1) lib/action_dispatch/middleware/host_authorization.rb:92:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] railties (6.1.4.1) lib/rails/engine.rb:539:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/configuration.rb:249:in `call'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/request.rb:77:in `block in handle_request'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:340:in `with_force_shutdown'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/request.rb:76:in `handle_request'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/server.rb:447:in `process_client'
[6ef6bfd6-6d78-4ded-90df-a9472e0d40f6] puma (5.5.2) lib/puma/thread_pool.rb:147:in `block in spawn_thread'
Puma Log(最近的幾行,據我所知,這里沒有任何相關內容)
[22565] - Worker 0 (PID: 22643) booted in 5.67s, phase: 0
[22565] - Worker 1 (PID: 22645) booted in 5.68s, phase: 0
Nginx 訪問日志
99.83.42.176 - - [26/Nov/2021:17:55:10 0000] "GET /users/sign_in HTTP/1.1" 200 7754 "https://example.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.55 Safari/537.36" "-"
99.83.42.176 - - [26/Nov/2021:17:55:17 0000] "POST /users/sign_in HTTP/1.1" 422 0 "https://example.com/users/sign_in" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.55 Safari/537.36" "-"
Nginx 錯誤日志
2021/11/26 17:54:57 [notice] 22658#22658: signal process started
2021/11/26 17:54:57 [warn] 22626#22626: conflicting server name "localhost" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
2021/11/26 17:54:57 [warn] 22626#22626: conflicting server name "_" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
我弄亂了 nginx.conf 中的一些選項,但仍然無法找出發生這種情況的原因。這是我的 nginx.conf 檔案,帶有 certbot 嵌入的更改:
#Elastic Beanstalk Nginx Configuration File
user nginx;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65874;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
upstream appserver {
server unix:/var/run/puma/my_app.sock;
}
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
include conf.d/*.conf;
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default "upgrade";
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _;
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
client_header_timeout 60;
client_body_timeout 60;
keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml rss text/javascript;
# Include the Elastic Beanstalk generated locations
include conf.d/elasticbeanstalk/*.conf;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _; # managed by Certbot
listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
location appserver {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https;
proxy_pass http://appserver;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
}
}
server {
if ($host = www.example.com) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
if ($host = example.com) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
listen 80 ;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}
}
有沒有人遇到過這個問題,并且知道如何確保 nginx 將所有內容都作為 https 處理?
不確定這是否相關,但在生產配置中我有:
config.force_ssl = false
If I switch it to 'true', nothing loads at all. Not sure why, shouldn't that be 'true'?
uj5u.com熱心網友回復:
如果您打算使用 ssl,那么使用 certbot 是一個不錯的解決方案,但您不應再提供 http 請求,因此您需要設定偵聽埠 80 的服務器塊以重定向到 ssl 塊,即偵聽埠的塊443. 這看起來不像是設定為作為您的 rails 服務器的反向代理,應該有 puma 或 unicorn 或您正在運行的任何 rails 服務器宣告。所以這一切都沒有意義。
您在配置中設定了一些我不熟悉的選項,而且您似乎將 sites_available 選項與 nginx.conf 檔案混合在一起,這是可以的,但它不是一個正常的設定,也不是非常可配置的設定,但是,由于你有幾個我不熟悉的選項我不會評論你的選項,我只是建議你整理你的服務器塊,以便監聽埠 80 的塊重定向到埠 443堵塞。您將需要打開您的防火墻以允許埠 443。如果使用 ufw,那么您可以設定一個 nginx 應用程式,否則我會讓您弄清楚或在另一個問題中詢問如何在埠上為 SSL 設定您的特定防火墻443.
無論如何,除了上述之外,您還應該將埠 80 http 塊更改為如下所示
server {
#no longer default server, all port 80, http requests, should be redirected to https port 443
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _;
# really should be your production server name i.e. an.ip.address a_proper_domain.com a_proper_domain.co.uk www.a_proper_domain.com www.a_proper_domain.co.uk #provide a list of domains you are listening for separated by spaces
#redirect to the https server block straight away, you do not want to have a site serving mixed https and http content it is a massive potential security hole
return 301 https://$host$1$request_uri;
}
所以你的配置看起來像這樣
#Elastic Beanstalk Nginx Configuration File
user nginx;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65874;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
include conf.d/*.conf;
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default "upgrade";
}
server {
#no longer default server, all port 80, http requests, should be redirected to https port 443
listen 80;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _;
# really should be your production server name i.e. an.ip.address a_proper_domain.com a_proper_domain.co.uk www.a_proper_domain.com www.a_proper_domain.co.uk #provide a list of domains you are listening for separated by spaces
return 301 https://$host$1$request_uri;
}
server {
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
client_header_timeout 60;
client_body_timeout 60;
keepalive_timeout 60;
gzip off;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml rss text/javascript;
# Include the Elastic Beanstalk generated locations
include conf.d/elasticbeanstalk/*.conf;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _; # managed by Certbot
listen 443 ssl; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem; # managed by Certbot
ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem; # managed by Certbot
include /etc/letsencrypt/options-ssl-nginx.conf; # managed by Certbot
ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/ssl-dhparams.pem; # managed by Certbot
}
server {
if ($host = www.example.com) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
if ($host = example.com) {
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
} # managed by Certbot
listen 80 ;
server_name www.example.com example.com localhost _;
return 404; # managed by Certbot
}}
通常你的 capistrano 部署腳本會為你設定 nginx 配置,如果你使用 capistrano 3 gem 和 capistrano3 puma gem 如果你使用 puma 作為你的 rails 服務器,也有 capistrano nginx gems 但是如果在生產中使用 puma 那么我強烈建議對 nginx.config 檔案使用正確的配置,包括 sites_enabled 檔案夾,并在位于適當位置的單獨檔案中設定特定服務器要求,例如 /etc/nginx/sites_available 檔案夾并符號鏈接到 sites_available 檔案夾。這是大多數服務器管理員或開發運營人員希望設定看起來像的標準方法。
在你的 SSL 服務器塊中,你應該有你的 puma 服務器的設定,典型的設定是這樣的
location @name_of_your_puma_socket {
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto https; # this is your issue I think
proxy_pass http://name_of_your_puma_socket;
# limit_req zone=one;
access_log #set the path to your nginx.access log
error_log # set the path to your nginx.error.log;
}
uj5u.com熱心網友回復:
@jamesc 的建議最終讓我找到了解決方案。Elastic Beanstalk 的 AL2 Nginx 組態檔包含具有以下塊的 webapp.conf 檔案:
location @proxy {
proxy_pass http://my_app; # match the name of upstream directive which is defined above
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
這并沒有通過完整的標頭集,并導致無效的請求。我更新了我的 nginx.conf 檔案以提供基于此執行緒的更新位置塊:https : //github.com/rails/rails/issues/22965。
location / {
proxy_pass http://my_app;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl on;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port $server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
}
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標籤:ruby-on-rails nginx amazon-elastic-beanstalk lets-encrypt
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