如何在TIdTCPClient中使用HTTPSGET命令？-有解無憂

我正在使用 IndyTIdTCPClient呼叫 HTTPS，但服務器超時等待我的 HTTP 命令。在 Wireshark 中，我可以看到 TLS 握手已完成，但WriteLn()服務器沒有回應任何命令。

我知道使用TIdHTTP會更容易，但我還有另一個目的。下面是附上的代碼：

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  sid, result: string;
  lParam: TStringList;
  TCPC: TIdTCPClient;
  OnSSL: TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL;
begin
  begin
    lParam := TStringList.Create;
    TCPC := TIdTCPClient.Create();
    OnSSL := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create();
    try
      OnSSL.SSLOptions.Method := sslvSSLv23;
      OnSSL.SSLOptions.SSLVersions := [sslvSSLv2, sslvSSLv3, sslvTLSv1, sslvTLSv1_1, sslvTLSv1_2];
      OnSSL.UseNagle := True;
      OnSSL.PassThrough := False;

      TCPC.Host := 'xxxxxxx.edu';
      TCPC.Port := 443;
      TCPC.ConnectTimeout := 100000;
      TCPC.ReadTimeout := 500000;
      TCPC.IOHandler := OnSSL;
      TCPC.IOHandler.DefStringEncoding := IndyTextEncoding_UTF8;
      TCPC.Connect;

      try
        logging(TCPC.IOHandler.ReadLn);
        if TCPC.IOHandler.Connected then
        begin
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('GET / HTTP/1.1', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Host: xxxxxxx.edu', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Connection: keep-alive', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Pragma: no-cache', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Cache-Control: no-cache', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.Write('sec-ch-ua: " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="96", "Google Chrome";v="96"', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.Writeln('Accept: text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Site: none', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-User: ?1', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Dest: document', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
          TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9', IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);
        end;

        result := TCPC.IOHandler.AllData(IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);

        logging(result);
      finally
        TCPC.Disconnect;
      end;
    finally
      lParam.Free;
      OnSSL.Free;
      TCPC.Free;
    end;
  end;
end;

end.

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

你的代碼有很多問題：

浪費記憶體來創建一個未使用的TStringList物件。
啟用不再安全的過時 SSL v2 和 v3。
IOHandler.ReadLn()在發送 HTTP 請求之前呼叫。HTTP/S 協議不涉及初始問候語。
IOHandler.Write()對sec-ch-ua標題進行錯誤呼叫。應該IOHandler.WriteLn()改用它。
請求允許壓縮 HTTP 正文，當您實際上并未準備解壓縮它時。
沒有正確終止 HTTP 請求。您需要在標題后發送一個空行。這是服務器超時錯誤的原因。
通過IOHandler.AllData()讀取HTTP回應，這將讀到服務器斷開連接，但你也啟用HTTP保持連接，這要求服務器不會斷開連接。即使沒有 HTTP keepalive（因為您在讀取 ??HTTP 回應后破壞了連接，所以使用 keepalive 沒有任何意義），AllData()仍然是讀取 HTTP 回應的錯誤方式。（我過去已經發布了許多關于讀取 HTTP 回應的正確方法的答案）。
冗余使用IOHandler.DefStringEncoding屬性和 AByteEncoding引數。使用前者時不需要使用后者，反之亦然。

試試這個：

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  Result: string;
  TCPC: TIdTCPClient;
  OnSSL: TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL;
begin
  TCPC := TIdTCPClient.Create();
  try
    OnSSL := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create(TCPC);
    OnSSL.SSLOptions.SSLVersions := [sslvTLSv1, sslvTLSv1_1, sslvTLSv1_2];
    OnSSL.PassThrough := False;
    OnSSL.DefStringEncoding := IndyTextEncoding_UTF8;
    
    TCPC.Host := 'xxxxxxx.edu';
    TCPC.Port := 443;
    TCPC.ConnectTimeout := 100000;
    TCPC.ReadTimeout := 500000;
    TCPC.IOHandler := OnSSL;

    TCPC.Connect;
    try
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('GET / HTTP/1.1');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Host: xxxxxxx.edu');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Connection: close');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Pragma: no-cache');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Cache-Control: no-cache');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('sec-ch-ua: " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="96", "Google Chrome";v="96"');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('sec-ch-ua-platform: "Windows"');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36');
      TCPC.IOHandler.Writeln('Accept: text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Site: none');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-User: ?1');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Sec-Fetch-Dest: document');
      //TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn('Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9');
      TCPC.IOHandler.WriteLn();

      // I'm leaving this here only because I don't have the time right now
      // to rewrite it properly. Go read my previous answers on this topic...
      Result := TCPC.IOHandler.AllData();
    
      logging(Result);
    finally
      TCPC.Disconnect;
    end;
  finally
    TCPC.Free;
  end;
end;

話雖這么說，你是正確的，使用TIdHTTP會多簡單，例如：

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
  Result: string;
  HTTP: TIdHTTP;
  OnSSL: TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL;
begin
  HTTP := TIdHTTP.Create();
  try
    OnSSL := TIdSSLIOHandlerSocketOpenSSL.Create(TCPC);
    OnSSL.SSLOptions.SSLVersions := [sslvTLSv1, sslvTLSv1_1, sslvTLSv1_2];
    
    HTTP.ConnectTimeout := 100000;
    HTTP.ReadTimeout := 500000;
    HTTP.IOHandler := OnSSL;

    HTTP.Request.Connection := 'close';
    HTTP.Request.Pragma := 'no-cache';
    HTTP.Request.CacheControl := 'no-cache';
    HTTP.Request.UserAgent := 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36';
    HTTP.Request.Accept := 'text/html,application/xhtml xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9';
    HTTP.Request.AcceptLanguage := 'en-US,en;q=0.9';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['sec-ch-ua'] :='" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="96", "Google Chrome";v="96"';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['sec-ch-ua-mobile'] := '?0';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['sec-ch-ua-platform'] := '"Windows"';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['Upgrade-Insecure-Requests'] := '1';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['Sec-Fetch-Site'] := 'none';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['Sec-Fetch-Mode'] := 'navigate';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['Sec-Fetch-User'] := '?1';
    HTTP.Request.CustomHeaders.Values['Sec-Fetch-Dest'] := 'document';

    // if you want to support compressed responses, assign a
    // TIdZLibCompressorBase-derived component to the
    // TIdHTTP.Compressor property...

    Result := HTTP.Get('https://xxxxxxx.edu/');
    
    logging(Result);
  finally
    HTTP.Free;
  end;
end;

TIdTCPClient直接使用而不是使用的理由很少TIdHTTP。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

首先，您需要發送一個空行來標記 HTTP 元資料/標頭的結尾。

TCPC.IOHandler.Writeln('',IndyTextEncoding_UTF8);

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