編輯：感謝@arzo 的捕獲
我有一個嵌套的字典，結構如下：
{
"key1":"string",
"key2":[{"nestedkey":"nestedvalue"}],
"key3":[1,2,3],
"key4":[{"nestedlevel1key":[{"nestedlevel2key":"nestedlevel2value"}]}],
"key5": {},
"key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
"key7": 15
}
其中字典鍵可以包含：
- 字串
- 整數
- 字典串列
- 包含字典串列的字典串列
- 空字典
- 普通字典
問題陳述是優化可以處理回傳字典中所有鍵的方法。我可以寫這樣的東西：
def get_keys(dict_example):
keys = []
for k,v in dict_example.items():
keys.append(k)
if isinstance(v, dict):
for k in v.keys():
keys.append(k)
if isinstance(v, list):
if isinstance(v[0], dict):
for k,v in v[0].items():
keys.append(k)
if isinstance(v, list) and isinstance(v[0], dict):
for k in v[0].keys():
keys.append(k)
return keys
keys = get_keys(dict_example)
print(keys)
這將使我（無特定順序）獲得鍵串列：
['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey1', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key', 'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey', 'key7']
但我不確定是否有一種優化的方法可以簡化以處理所有 6 個用例，這些用例也可以橫穿陣列，而不管有多少層。現在我對級別數進行了啟發式分析，但是我需要考慮這個陣列中可能有更深的級別。
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
它們只有 2 種情況需要處理：list并且dict由于它們包含其他內容，因此請使用遞回
- for a
dict: 保留鍵，并搜索整個值 - for
list: 搜索整個值
def get_keys(item):
keys = []
if isinstance(item, dict):
for k, v in item.items():
keys.append(k)
keys.extend(get_keys(v))
elif isinstance(item, (list, tuple)):
for x in item:
keys.extend(get_keys(x))
return keys
values = {
"key1": "string", "key2": [{"nestedkey": "nestedvalue"}], "key3": [1, 2, 3],
"key4": [{"nestedlevel1key": [{"nestedlevel2key": "nestedlevel2value"}]}],
"key5": {}, "key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
}
keys = get_keys(values)
print(keys)
# ['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key', 'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey']
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
您可以使用遞回函式解決此問題，而不是大量嵌套回圈：
origDict = {
"key1":"string",
"key2":[{"nestedkey":"nestedvalue"}],
"key3":[1,2,3],
"key4":[{"nestedlevel1key":[{"nestedlevel2key":"nestedlevel2value"}]}],
"key5": {},
"key6": {"regularkey": "regularvalue"},
"key7": 15
}
keyList = []
def get_keys(inDict, listOfKeys):
for k, v in inDict.items():
listOfKeys.append(k)
if isinstance(v, list):
for item in v:
if isinstance(item, dict):
get_keys(item, listOfKeys)
elif isinstance(v, dict):
get_keys(v, listOfKeys)
get_keys(origDict, keyList)
print(keyList)
這列印：
['key1', 'key2', 'nestedkey', 'key3', 'key4', 'nestedlevel1key',
'nestedlevel2key', 'key5', 'key6', 'regularkey', 'key7']```
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