如何使用grep匹配精確的單詞

我在 zsh 中有一個串列/陣列，它是 house=$(cat corrected_inhouse_list.txt)

包含：

N-METHYL-L-GLUTAMIC ACID
L-GLUTAMIC ACID
CREATINE
L-PROLINE
CREATINE PHOSPHATE
L-VALINE
L-TYROSINE
L-KYNURENINE
L-PHENYLALANINE
PHENYLETHANOLAMINE
D-PANTOTHENIC ACID
L-TRYPTOPHAN
MYRISTIC ACID

檔案“metexplore_IDs_DB.tsv”：

8:M_Lkynr   exact multimatching 1   L-KYNURENINE    CHEBI:16946 NA  NA
21:M_glu_L  exact multimatching 1   L-GLUTAMIC ACID CHEBI:16015 NA  NA
40:M_trp_L  exact multimatching 1   L-TRYPTOPHAN    CHEBI:16828 NA  NA
42:M_pro_L  exact multimatching 1   L-PROLINE   CHEBI:17203 NA  NA
50:M_phe_L  exact multimatching 1   L-PHENYLALANINE CHEBI:17295 NA  NA
56:M_creat  exact multimatching 1   CREATINE    CHEBI:16919 NA  NA
57:M_34dhphe    exact multimatching 1   3,4-DIHYDROXY-L-PHENYLALANINE (L-DOPA)  CHEBI:15765 NA  NA
61:M_tyr_L  exact multimatching 1   L-TYROSINE  CHEBI:17895 NA  NA
63:M_val_L  exact multimatching 1   L-VALINE    CHEBI:16414 NA  NA
94:M_Lkynr  exact multimatching 1   L-KYNURENINE    CHEBI:16946 NA  NA
95:M_5oxpro exact multimatching 1   5-OXO-L-PROLINE CHEBI:18183 NA  NA
107:M_4hpro_LT  exact multimatching 1   4-HYDROXY-L-PROLINE CHEBI:18095 NANA
171:M_pcreat    exact multimatching 1   PHOSPHOCREATINE CHEBI:17287 NA  NA
191:M_pnto_R    exact multimatching 1   D-PANTOTHENIC ACID  CHEBI:7916  NANA
211:M_pcreat    exact multimatching 1   CREATINE PHOSPHATE  CHEBI:17287 NANA
237:M_35diotyr  exact multimatching 1   3,5-DIIODO-L-TYROSINE   CHEBI:15768 NANA
315:M_ttdca exact multimatching 1   MYRISTIC ACID   CHEBI:28875

我想使用 grep 來匹配檔案上的這些詞。問題是可以在圖片中看到的內容，grep 還捕獲包含但不以我的興趣詞開頭的詞。

我試過了：

for i in ${house[*]}; do grep -n -E "^\s*\{$i}\>" metexplore_IDs_DB.tsv; done
for i in ${house[*]}; do grep -n -E -w "\<$i" metexplore_IDs_DB.tsv; done 
for i in ${house[*]}; do grep -n -E "(^|\t)$i" metexplore_IDs_DB.tsv; done

我可以做什么來實作我的目標？所需的輸出將沒有第 57、95、107 和 237 行。

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

看起來你總是匹配欄位 4。所以awk會是一個更好的解決方案，因為你可以簡單地對整個欄位進行精確匹配：

for i in "${house[@]}"; do
    awk -F'\t' -v i="$i" '$4 == i' metexplore_ID.tsv
done

不要忘記周圍的引號${house[@]}；否則元素 likeL-GLUTAMIC ACID將被視為兩個不同的詞來匹配。

您還可以通過corrected_inhouse_list.txt直接加載到awk陣列中來避免創建陣列和回圈：

awk -F'\t' -v i="$i" '
    NR == FNR {houses[$0]  ; next} 
    $4 in houses' corrected_inhouse_list.txt metexplore_ID.tsv

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

您可以使用它awk為串列中的每個條目構建正則運算式，然后在 csv 檔案中的任何位置搜索該正則運算式：

awk '
NR == FNR {
   kw[ "(^|[[:blank:]])" $0 "([[:blank:]]|$)" ]
   next
}
{
   for (w in kw)
      if ( $0 ~ w ) {
         print
         next
      }
}' corrected_inhouse_list.txt metexplore_ID.tsv

i8:M_Lkynr   exact multimatching 1   L-KYNURENINE    CHEBI:16946 NA  NA
21:M_glu_L  exact multimatching 1   L-GLUTAMIC ACID CHEBI:16015 NA  NA
40:M_trp_L  exact multimatching 1   L-TRYPTOPHAN    CHEBI:16828 NA  NA
42:M_pro_L  exact multimatching 1   L-PROLINE   CHEBI:17203 NA  NA
50:M_phe_L  exact multimatching 1   L-PHENYLALANINE CHEBI:17295 NA  NA
56:M_creat  exact multimatching 1   CREATINE    CHEBI:16919 NA  NA
61:M_tyr_L  exact multimatching 1   L-TYROSINE  CHEBI:17895 NA  NA
63:M_val_L  exact multimatching 1   L-VALINE    CHEBI:16414 NA  NA
94:M_Lkynr  exact multimatching 1   L-KYNURENINE    CHEBI:16946 NA  NA
191:M_pnto_R    exact multimatching 1   D-PANTOTHENIC ACID  CHEBI:7916  NANA
211:M_pcreat    exact multimatching 1   CREATINE PHOSPHATE  CHEBI:17287 NANA
315:M_ttdca exact multimatching 1   MYRISTIC ACID   CHEBI:28875

標籤：linux 猛击 zsh

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