MySQL的Connection-Control介紹-有解無憂

在Oracle和SQL Server資料庫中，可以設定一些復雜的賬號密碼策略，例如在失敗登錄超過N次即可鎖定賬號，那么在MySQL中能否也有這樣的功能呢？答案是MySQL也有類似這樣的功能，只不過在MySQL中是在其登錄失敗超過閥值后，延遲回應時間，而不是鎖定賬號，在MySQL 5.6.35以后提供了Connection-Control插件用來控制客戶端在登錄操作連續失敗一定次數后的回應延遲，該插件可有效的防止客戶端暴力登錄的風險(攻擊)，該插件包含以下2個組件

· CONNECTION_CONTROL：用來控制登錄失敗的次數及延遲回應時間

· CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS：該表將登錄失敗的操作記錄至IS庫中

下面我們介紹一下Connection-Control Plugins，下面實驗的版本為MySQL 8.0.18，

首先查看系統變數plugin_dir，找到插件（Plugins）所在的路徑，如下所示

mysql> select version() from dual;

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 8.0.18    |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'plugin_dir';

+---------------+--------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value                    |

+---------------+--------------------------+

| plugin_dir    | /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/ |

+---------------+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)

[root@KerryDB ~]# cd /usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/

[root@KerryDB plugin]# ls -lrt

total 76388

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   106696 Sep 20  2019 rewrite_example.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   104432 Sep 20  2019 mysql_no_login.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   111464 Sep 20  2019 mypluglib.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   106648 Sep 20  2019 auth_socket.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   163560 Sep 20  2019 adt_null.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   409032 Sep 20  2019 validate_password.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  9054776 Sep 20  2019 libpluginmecab.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   344696 Sep 20  2019 authentication_ldap_sasl_client.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1145832 Sep 20  2019 rewriter.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   625944 Sep 20  2019 ha_example.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   388992 Sep 20  2019 semisync_slave.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    32368 Sep 20  2019 component_log_sink_json.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   235200 Sep 20  2019 component_audit_api_message_emit.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   494720 Sep 20  2019 keyring_udf.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   149280 Sep 20  2019 component_log_sink_syseventlog.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1446024 Sep 20  2019 semisync_master.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2277480 Sep 20  2019 mysql_clone.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1231376 Sep 20  2019 libmemcached.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   454096 Sep 20  2019 component_mysqlbackup.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   193336 Sep 20  2019 component_log_filter_dragnet.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1177352 Sep 20  2019 ha_mock.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root    83936 Sep 20  2019 locking_service.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1269784 Sep 20  2019 connection_control.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1280936 Sep 20  2019 innodb_engine.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root   442304 Sep 20  2019 component_validate_password.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  1206024 Sep 20  2019 version_token.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2338880 Sep 20  2019 keyring_file.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  2031912 Sep 20  2019 ddl_rewriter.so

-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 49246400 Sep 20  2019 group_replication.so

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root     4096 Nov  6  2019 debug

安裝插件

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL SONAME 'connection_control.so';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> INSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS SONAME 'connection_control.so';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

檢查是否安裝成功

mysql> show plugins;

mysql> SELECT PLUGIN_NAME, PLUGIN_LIBRARY, PLUGIN_STATUS, LOAD_OPTION

    -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PLUGINS

    -> WHERE PLUGIN_LIBRARY = 'CONNECTION_CONTROL.SO';

+------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+-------------+

| PLUGIN_NAME                              | PLUGIN_LIBRARY        | PLUGIN_STATUS | LOAD_OPTION |

+------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+-------------+

| CONNECTION_CONTROL                       | connection_control.so | ACTIVE        | FORCE       |

| CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS | connection_control.so | ACTIVE        | FORCE       |

+------------------------------------------+-----------------------+---------------+-------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

設定系統變數

mysql> show variables like 'connection_control%';

+-------------------------------------------------+------------+

| Variable_name                                   | Value      |

+-------------------------------------------------+------------+

| connection_control_failed_connections_threshold | 3          |

| connection_control_max_connection_delay         | 2147483647 |

| connection_control_min_connection_delay         | 1000       |

+-------------------------------------------------+------------+

connection_control_failed_connections_threshold #登陸失敗次數限制,默認值為3

connection_control_max_connection_delay #限制重試時間最大值，單位為毫秒( milliseconds)，默認值2147483647

connection_control_min_connection_delay #限制重試時間最小值，單位為毫秒( milliseconds)，默認值為1000毫秒，也就是1秒

注意事項：

1：connection_control_min_connection_delay的值必須小于connection_control_max_connection_delay，connection_control_max_connection_delay不能小于connection_control_min_connection_delay的值，

mysql> set global connection_control_min_connection_delay=60000;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

注意，命令方式設定全域系統變數在服務器重啟后丟失，所以最好的方式在引數檔案my.cnf設定全域系統變數

-- 組態檔增加以下配置

[mysqld]

plugin-load-add = connection_control.so          #不是必須

connection-control = FORCE                       #不是必須

connection-control-failed-login-attempts = FORCE #不是必須

connection_control_min_connection_delay = 60000

connection_control_max_connection_delay = 1800000

connection_control_failed_connections_threshold = 3

三次連續輸錯密碼后，就會在第四次輸入密碼后掛起

[root@lnx02 ~]# mysql -h 10.20.57.24 -u test -p

Enter password:

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test'@'192.168.27.180' (using password: YES)

[root@lnx02 ~]# mysql -h 10.20.57.24 -u test -p

Enter password:

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test'@'192.168.27.180' (using password: YES)

[root@lnx02 ~]# mysql -h 10.20.57.24 -u test -p

Enter password:

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'test'@'192.168.27.180' (using password: YES)

[root@lnx02 ~]# mysql -h 10.20.57.24 -u test -p

Enter password:

clip_image001

注意，MySQL服務重啟過后，INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS中的資料全部前空，

· The CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS plugin must be activated for this table to be available, and the CONNECTION_CONTROL plugin must be activated or the table contents will always be empty. See Section 6.4.2, “The Connection-Control Plugins”.

必須激活CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS插件才能使用該表CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS，并且要么激活CONNECTION_CONTROL插件，要么該表的內容始終為空，請參見第6.4.2節“連接控制插件”，

· The table contains rows only for clients that have had one or more consecutive failed connection attempts without a subsequent successful attempt. When a client connects successfully, its failed-connection count is reset to zero and the server removes any row corresponding to the client.

該表僅包含已進行一次或多次連續失敗連接嘗試而沒有隨后成功嘗試的客戶端的行，當客戶端成功連接時，其失敗連接計數將重置為零，并且服務器將洗掉與該客戶端對應的任何行，

· Assigning a value to the connection_control_failed_connections_threshold system variable at runtime resets all accumulated failed-connection counters to zero, which causes the table to become empty.

在運行時為connection_control_failed_connections_threshold系統變數分配一個值會將所有累積的失敗連接計數器重置為零，這將導致表變空，

解除賬號延遲回應限制

方法1：重啟MySQL實體

方法2：調整系統變數connection_control_failed_connections_threshold的值，

mysql> SELECT * FROM

    -> INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS;

+-------------------+-----------------+

| USERHOST          | FAILED_ATTEMPTS |

+-------------------+-----------------+

| 'test'@'192.168%' |               5 |

+-------------------+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> set global connection_control_failed_connections_threshold=2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM

    -> INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

3：卸載插件plugin

mysql> UNINSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL_FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS;

mysql> UNINSTALL PLUGIN CONNECTION_CONTROL;

參考資料：

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connection-control-installation.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connection-control-failed-login-attempts-table.html

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connection-control-variables.html

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標籤：MySQL

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