一、引言
需求描述：現實作業中，有一些很特別的需求：在一個匯總表中，需要顯示明細資料，因為是在匯總表中，所以明細資料只能顯示在某一列中，這個列，就是多行資料合并為一行之后的結果，
案例描述：比如，在物料凈需求表中，需求量扣減庫存量、在途量等等之后，結果為剩余量，剩余量為負則需要采購，此時，不管剩余量為正還是為負，我們都需要密切關注在途量所涉及的采購單號，讓物料在生產需求前到料并檢驗入庫，假設在物料凈需求表中，在途量明細需要顯示為：采購單A，在途量：XXX；采購單B，在途量：XXX……以此類似，該如何處理呢？處理原理請往下看，
二、測驗資料
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Score] ( [ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [Name] [varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [Subject] [varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL, [Value] [numeric] (4, 1) NULL ) ON [PRIMARY] GO INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1001','張三','語文',86) INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1001','張三','數學',88) INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1002','李四','語文',89) INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1002','李四','數學',90)
三、實作方法
3.1、STUFF函式
代碼如下：
SELECT ID,[NAME], STUFF ( ( SELECT ','+[SUBJECT]+':'+CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX)) FROM SCORE WHERE (ID=Result.ID) FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','VARCHAR(MAX)' ),1,1,'' ) AS NameValues FROM SCORE Result GROUP BY ID,[NAME] ORDER BY ID
3.2、GROUP_CONCAT函式
GROUP_CONCAT并非SQL Server自帶函式，本文使用的是來源于網路自由軟體創建的托管代碼，GroupConcatInstallation.sql為函式安裝，GroupConcatUninstallation.sql為函式卸載，
/* GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public License. */ /* Installation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2. */ SET NOCOUNT ON ; GO -- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !! --USE GroupConcatTest GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Turn advanced options on EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'show advanced options', @configvalue = 1 ; GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ; GO -- Enable CLR EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'clr enabled', @configvalue = 1 ; GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ; GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SET ANSI_NULLS, ANSI_PADDING, ANSI_WARNINGS, ARITHABORT, QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON; SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL, NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF; GO IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tempdb..sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmpErrors')) DROP TABLE #tmpErrors GO CREATE TABLE #tmpErrors (Error int) GO SET XACT_ABORT ON GO SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED GO BEGIN TRANSACTION GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINT N'Creating [GroupConcat]...'; GO CREATE ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat] AUTHORIZATION [dbo] FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE; GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0 BEGIN ROLLBACK; END IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error) VALUES (1); BEGIN TRANSACTION; END GO EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name = N'URL', @value = N'http://groupconcat.codeplex.com', @level0type = N'ASSEMBLY', @level0name = N'GroupConcat' GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]...'; GO CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4)) RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX) EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D]; GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0 BEGIN ROLLBACK; END IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error) VALUES (1); BEGIN TRANSACTION; END GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]...'; GO CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @SORT_ORDER TINYINT) RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX) EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S]; GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0 BEGIN ROLLBACK; END IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error) VALUES (1); BEGIN TRANSACTION; END GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]...'; GO CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4), @SORT_ORDER TINYINT) RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX) EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS]; GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0 BEGIN ROLLBACK; END IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error) VALUES (1); BEGIN TRANSACTION; END GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]...'; GO CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000)) RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX) EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT]; GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0 BEGIN ROLLBACK; END IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0 BEGIN INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error) VALUES (1); BEGIN TRANSACTION; END GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmpErrors) ROLLBACK TRANSACTION GO IF @@TRANCOUNT>0 BEGIN PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update succeeded.' COMMIT TRANSACTION END ELSE PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update failed.' GO DROP TABLE #tmpErrors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GOGroupConcatInstallation.sql
/* GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public License. */ /* Uninstallation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2. */ SET NOCOUNT ON ; GO -- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !! --USE TEST GO ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]') AND type = N'AF' ) DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT] GO IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]') AND type = N'AF' ) DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D] GO IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]') AND type = N'AF' ) DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS] GO IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]') AND type = N'AF' ) DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S] GO IF EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.assemblies asms WHERE asms.name = N'GroupConcat' AND is_user_defined = 1 ) DROP ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat] GOGroupConcatUninstallation.sql
代碼如下：
SELECT ID,[NAME],dbo.GROUP_CONCAT([SUBJECT]+':'+CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX))) AS NameValues FROM SCORE GROUP BY ID,[NAME] ORDER BY ID
四、運行結果
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