lamp
- 1. lamp簡介
- 2. web服務器作業流程
- 2.1 cgi與fastcgi
- 2.2 httpd與php結合的方式
- 2.3 web作業流程
- 3. lamp平臺搭建
- 3.1 安裝httpd
- 3.2 安裝mysql
- 3.3 安裝php
- 3.4 配置apache
- 3.4.1 啟用代理模塊
- 3.4.2 配置虛擬主機
- 3.5 驗證
1. lamp簡介
有了前面學習的知識的鋪墊，今天可以來學習下第一個常用的web架構了，
所謂lamp，其實就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一組動態網站或者服務器的開源軟體，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自獨立的程式，但是因為經常被放在一起使用，擁有了越來越高的兼容度，共同組成了一個強大的Web應用程式平臺，
LAMP指的是Linux（作業系統）、Apache（HTTP服務器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，資料庫軟體）和PHP（有時也是指Perl或Python）的第一個字母，一般用來建立web應用平臺，
2. web服務器作業流程
在說lamp架構平臺的搭建前，我們先來了解下什么是CGI，什么是FastCGI，什么是......
web服務器的資源分為兩種，靜態資源和動態資源
- 靜態資源就是指靜態內容，客戶端從服務器獲得的資源的表現形式與原檔案相同，可以簡單的理解為就是直接存盤于檔案系統中的資源
- 動態資源則通常是程式檔案，需要在服務器執行之后，將執行的結果回傳給客戶端
那么web服務器如何執行程式并將結果回傳給客戶端呢？下面通過一張圖來說明一下web服務器如何處理客戶端的請求
階段①顯示的是httpd服務器（即apache）和php服務器通過FastCGI協議進行通信，且php作為獨立的服務行程運行
階段②顯示的是php程式和mysql資料庫間通過mysql協議進行通信，php與mysql本沒有什么聯系，但是由Php語言寫成的程式可以與mysql進行資料互動，同理perl和python寫的程式也可以與mysql資料庫進行互動
2.1 cgi與fastcgi
CGI（Common Gateway Interface，通用網關介面），CGI是外部應用程式（CGI程式）與WEB服務器之間的介面標準，是在CGI程式和Web服務器之間傳遞資訊的程序，CGI規范允許Web服務器執行外部程式，并將它們的輸出發送給Web瀏覽器，CGI將web的一組簡單的靜態超媒體檔案變成一個完整的新的互動式媒體，
FastCGI（Fast Common Gateway Interface）是CGI的改良版，CGI是通過啟用一個解釋器行程來處理每個請求，耗時且耗資源，而FastCGI則是通過master-worker形式來處理每個請求，即啟動一個master主行程，然后根據配置啟動幾個worker行程，當請求進來時，master會從worker行程中選擇一個去處理請求，這樣就避免了重復的生成和殺死行程帶來的頻繁cpu背景關系切換而導致耗時
2.2 httpd與php結合的方式
httpd與php結合的方式有以下三種：
- modules：php將以httpd的擴展模塊形式存在，需要加載動態資源時，httpd可以直接通過php模塊來加工資源并回傳給客戶端
- httpd prefork：libphp5.so（多行程模型的php）
- httpd event or worker：libphp5-zts.so（執行緒模型的php）
- CGI：httpd需要加載動態資源時，通過CGI與php解釋器聯系，獲得php執行的結果，此時httpd負責與php連接的建立和斷開等
- FastCGI：利用php-fpm機制，啟動為服務行程，php自行運行為一個服務，https通過socket與php通信
較于CGI方式，FastCGI更為常用，很少有人使用CGI方式來加載動態資源
2.3 web作業流程
- 客戶端通過http協議請求web服務器資源
- web服務器收到請求后判斷客戶端請求的資源是靜態資源或是動態資源
- 若是靜態資源則直接從本地檔案系統取之回傳給客戶端，
- 否則若為動態資源則通過FastCGI協議與php服務器聯系，通過CGI程式的master行程調度worker行程來執行程式以獲得客戶端請求的動態資源，并將執行的結果通過FastCGI協議回傳給httpd服務器，httpd服務器收到php的執行結果后將其封裝為http回應報文回應給客戶端，在執行程式獲取動態資源時若需要獲得資料庫中的資源時，由Php服務器通過mysql協議與MySQL/MariaDB服務器互動，取之而后回傳給httpd，httpd將從php服務器收到的執行結果封裝成http回應報文回應給客戶端，
3. lamp平臺搭建
環境說明：
| 系統平臺 | IP | 需要安裝的服務 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7 redhat7 | 172.16.12.128 | httpd-2.4 mysql-5.7 php php-mysql |
lamp平臺軟體安裝次序：
httpd --> mysql --> php
3.1 安裝httpd
[root@mr ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# ls
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2495 100 2495 0 0 15993 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 16096
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 144 kB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 69 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 176 kB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm 449 kB/s | 24 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
=========================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 8-16.el8 @commandline 24 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 24 k
Installed size: 34 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1
Running scriptlet: epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1
Many EPEL packages require the CodeReady Builder (CRB) repository.
It is recommended that you run /usr/bin/crb enable to enable the CRB repository.
Verifying : epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
epel-release-8-16.el8.noarch
Complete!
[root@mr yum.repos.d]#
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo epel-modular.repo epel.repo epel-testing-modular.repo epel-testing.repo
[root@mr yum.repos.d]# cd
[root@mr ~]# dnf clean all
37 files removed
[root@mr ~]#
[root@mr ~]# dnf makecache
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10 MB/s | 4.6 MB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 104 kB/s | 10 kB 00:00
CentOS-8.5.2111 - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com 11 MB/s | 8.4 MB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 3.2 MB/s | 1.0 MB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 10 MB/s | 13 MB 00:01
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Metadata cache created.
[root@mr ~]# dnf -y install
openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool gcc gcc-c++ make vim wget
......
perl-threads-shared-1.58-2.el8.x86_64
pkgconf-1.4.2-1.el8.x86_64
pkgconf-m4-1.4.2-1.el8.noarch
pkgconf-pkg-config-1.4.2-1.el8.x86_64
zlib-devel-1.2.11-17.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@mr ~]# [root@mr ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache
[root@mr ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
--2022-08-02 19:20:01-- https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 135.181.214.104, 88.99.95.219, 2a01:4f9:3a:2c57::2, ...
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|135.181.214.104|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1093896 (1.0M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-1.7.0.tar.gz’
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz 100%[=====================================>] 1.04M 15.8KB/s in 54s
2022-08-02 19:20:56 (19.9 KB/s) - ‘apr-1.7.0.tar.gz’ saved [1093896/1093896]
[root@mr~]#https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
......
--2022-08-02 19:21:15-- https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 135.181.214.104, 88.99.95.219, 2a01:4f9:3a:2c57::2, ...
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|135.181.214.104|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 554301 (541K) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz’
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 100%[=====================================>] 541.31K 4.23KB/s in 2m 13s
2022-08-02 19:23:29 (4.08 KB/s) - ‘apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz’ saved [554301/554301]
[root@mr ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
--2022-08-02 19:25:49-- https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
Resolving downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)... 88.99.95.219, 135.181.214.104, 2a01:4f9:3a:2c57::2, ...
Connecting to downloads.apache.org (downloads.apache.org)|88.99.95.219|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 9743277 (9.3M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz’
httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz 100%[=====================================>] 9.29M 48.2KB/s in 4m 57s
2022-08-02 19:30:47 (32.0 KB/s) - ‘httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz’ saved [9743277/9743277]
[root@mr ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# cd apr-1.7.0
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# ls
apr-config.in atomic config.layout file_io LICENSE network_io README.cmake time
apr.dep build configure helpers locks NOTICE shmem tools
apr.dsp build.conf configure.in include Makefile.in NWGNUmakefile strings user
apr.dsw buildconf docs libapr.dep Makefile.win passwd support
apr.mak build-outputs.mk dso libapr.dsp memory poll tables
apr.pc.in CHANGES emacs-mode libapr.mak misc random test
apr.spec CMakeLists.txt encoding libapr.rc mmap README threadproc
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# vim configure
# $RM "$cfgfile" //將此行加上注釋，或者洗掉此行
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
......
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
config.status: executing default commands
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# make
......
/unix -I/root/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/apr-1.7.0/include/private export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp
sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
sed -e 's,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/apr-1.7.0'
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# make install
......
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@mr apr-1.7.0]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1
[root@mr apr-util-1.6.1]# ls
aprutil.dep apu-config.in CHANGES dbd include LICENSE NWGNUmakefile strmatch
aprutil.dsp buckets CMakeLists.txt dbm ldap Makefile.in README test
aprutil.dsw build config.layout docs libaprutil.dep Makefile.win README.cmake uri
aprutil.mak build.conf configure encoding libaprutil.dsp memcache README.FREETDS xlate
apr-util.pc.in buildconf configure.in export_vars.sh.in libaprutil.mak misc redis xml
apr-util.spec build-outputs.mk crypto hooks libaprutil.rc NOTICE renames_pending
[root@mr apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
......
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
[root@mr apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
......
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/apr-util/lib
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config
[root@mr apr-util-1.6.1]# cd
[root@mr ~]# ls /usr/local/
apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@mr ~]#
[root@mr ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# cd httpd-2.4.54
[root@mr httpd-2.4.54]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE BuildBin.dsp docs InstallBin.dsp modules ROADMAP
acinclude.m4 buildconf emacs-style LAYOUT NOTICE server
Apache-apr2.dsw CHANGES httpd.dep libhttpd.dep NWGNUmakefile srclib
Apache.dsw changes-entries httpd.dsp libhttpd.dsp os support
apache_probes.d CMakeLists.txt httpd.mak libhttpd.mak README test
ap.d config.layout httpd.spec LICENSE README.CHANGES VERSIONING
build configure include Makefile.in README.cmake
BuildAll.dsp configure.in INSTALL Makefile.win README.platforms
[root@mr httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \
> --enable-so \
> --enable-ssl \
> --enable-cgi \
> --enable-rewrite \
> --with-zlib \
> --with-pcre \
> --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \
> --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \
> --enable-modules=most \
> --enable-mpms-shared=all \
> --with-mpm=prefork
......
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.54
Install prefix: /usr/local/apache
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
[root@mr httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install
......
Installing build system files
mkdir /usr/local/apache/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/apache/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.54'
[root@mr httpd-2.4.54]# cd
[root@mr ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54
[root@mr ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@mr ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH
[root@mr ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@mr ~]# which httpd
/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[root@mr ~]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
[root@mr ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache
[root@mr ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man（添加這一行）
[root@mr ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
[root@mr system]# ls
auditd.service runlevel0.target
[email protected] runlevel1.target
basic.target runlevel1.target.wants
basic.target.wants runlevel2.target
......
rngd-wake-threshold.service user-.slice.d
rpcbind.target vgauthd.service
rsyslog.service vmtoolsd.service
[root@mr system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service
[root@mr system]# vim httpd.service
[Unit]
Description=web server daemon
Documentation=man:httpd(5)
After=network.target sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@mr system]# cd
[root@mr ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@mr ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - web server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:httpd(5)
[root@mr ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@mr ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@mr ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@mr ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - web server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2022-08-02 20:12:20 CST; 53min ago
Docs: man:httpd(5)
Main PID: 48353 (httpd)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 24717)
Memory: 5.8M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─48353 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─48354 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─48355 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─48356 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─48357 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
└─48358 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
Aug 02 20:12:02 mr systemd[1]: Starting web server daemon...
Aug 02 20:12:20 mr apachectl[48350]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qua>
Aug 02 20:12:20 mr systemd[1]: Started web server daemon.
[root@mr ~]#
3.2 安裝mysql
[root@mr ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
......
mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-devel-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
ncurses-c++-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64
ncurses-devel-6.1-9.20180224.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@mr ~]#
[root@mr ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@mr ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
......
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 674830866 (644M) [application/x-tar-gz]
Saving to: ‘mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’
mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2. 100%[=====================================>] 643.57M 659KB/s in 9m 26s
2022-08-02 22:09:46 (1.14 MB/s) - ‘mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz’ saved [674830866/674830866]
[root@mr ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@mr ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@mr ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@mr local]# ls
apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share
apr bin games lib libexec sbin src
[root@mr local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@mr local]# ls
apache apr apr-util bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec mysql sbin share src
[root@mr local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[root@mr local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 14 root root 164 Aug 2 19:53 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Aug 2 19:38 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Aug 2 19:44 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Aug 1 15:49 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 2 22:11 mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Aug 1 15:49 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 19 2020 src
[root@mr local]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@mr local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql
[root@mr local]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[root@mr local]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man
[root@mr local]# cd
[root@mr ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mr ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@mr ~]# which mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
[root@mr ~]#
[root@mr ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data
2022-08-02T14:22:01.195167Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-08-02T14:22:01.338468Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-08-02T14:22:01.364317Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.423393Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 799aa4e2-126e-11ed-a53b-000c29f0dfce.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.424482Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.621913Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.621947Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.622320Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-08-02T14:22:01.648745Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: <rC:S!uXs6yk
[root@mr ~]# echo '<rC:S!uXs6yk' > pass
[root@mr ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch
mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-devel-10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
[root@mr ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb*
Removed:
mariadb-connector-c-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-connector-c-config-3.1.11-2.el8_3.noarch
mariadb-connector-c-devel-3.1.11-2.el8_3.x86_64
mariadb-devel-3:10.3.28-1.module_el8.3.0+757+d382997d.x86_64
Complete!
[root@mr ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
[root@mr ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
[root@mr ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mr mysql]# ls
bin docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@mr mysql]# cd support-files/
[root@mr support-files]# ls
magic mysqld_multi.server mysql-log-rotate mysql.server
[root@mr support-files]# file mysql.server
mysql.server: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@mr support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mr support-files]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
[root@mr support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@mr support-files]# cd
[root@mr ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/mr.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@mr ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
[root@mr ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@mr ~]# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@mr ~]#
[root@mr ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@mr ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[root@mr ~]# reboot
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# dnf provides libncurses.so.5
Last metadata expiration check: 2:52:43 ago on Tue 02 Aug 2022 07:55:40 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
ncurses-compat-libs-6.1-9.20180224.el8.i686 : Ncurses compatibility libraries
Repo : base
Matched from:
Provide : libncurses.so.5
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
[root@master ~]# cat pass
<rC:S!uXs6yk
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p'<rC:S!uXs6yk'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.38
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password = password('marui');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -pmarui
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit
Bye
[root@master ~]#
3.3 安裝php
[root@master ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.xz
......
Saving to: ‘php-7.4.30.tar.xz’
php-7.4.30.tar.xz 100%[++++++++++++++++=====================>] 9.94M 16.1KB/s in 5m 16s
2022-08-02 23:24:04 (18.5 KB/s) - ‘php-7.4.30.tar.xz’ saved [10419136/10419136]
[root@master ~]# sha256sum php-7.4.30.tar.xz
ea72a34f32c67e79ac2da7dfe96177f3c451c3eefae5810ba13312ed398ba70d php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# dnf list all|grep php|grep mysql
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 7.2.24-1.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66 AppStream
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd
.....
mhash-0.9.9.9-20.el8.x86_64
mhash-devel-0.9.9.9-20.el8.x86_64
openldap-devel-2.4.46-18.el8.x86_64
php-common-7.2.24-1.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64
php-mysqlnd-7.2.24-1.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64
php-pdo-7.2.24-1.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64
readline-devel-7.0-10.el8.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
zlib-1.2.11-17.el8.i686
Complete!
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel
Last metadata expiration check: 3:40:33 ago on Tue 02 Aug 2022 07:55:40 PM CST.
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Module yaml error: Unexpected key in data: static_context [line 9 col 3]
Dependencies resolved.
=============================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================
Installing:
libsqlite3x-devel x86_64 20071018-26.el8 epel 143 k
Upgrading:
sqlite-libs x86_64 3.26.0-15.el8 base 581 k
Installing dependencies:
libsqlite3x x86_64 20071018-26.el8 epel 39 k
sqlite x86_64 3.26.0-15.el8 base 668 k
sqlite-devel x86_64 3.26.0-15.el8 base 165 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages
Upgrade 1 Package
Total download size: 1.6 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.1 MB/s | 668 kB 00:00
(2/5): sqlite-devel-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.3 MB/s | 165 kB 00:00
(3/5): libsqlite3x-20071018-26.el8.x86_64.rpm 233 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00
(4/5): sqlite-libs-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 12 MB/s | 581 kB 00:00
(5/5): libsqlite3x-devel-20071018-26.el8.x86_64.rpm 269 kB/s | 143 kB 00:00
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.5 MB/s | 1.6 MB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Upgrading : sqlite-libs-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 1/6
Installing : sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 2/6
Installing : sqlite-devel-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 3/6
Installing : libsqlite3x-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 4/6
Installing : libsqlite3x-devel-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 5/6
Cleanup : sqlite-libs-3.26.0-13.el8.x86_64 6/6
Running scriptlet: sqlite-libs-3.26.0-13.el8.x86_64 6/6
Verifying : sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : sqlite-devel-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 2/6
Verifying : libsqlite3x-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : libsqlite3x-devel-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : sqlite-libs-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64 5/6
Verifying : sqlite-libs-3.26.0-13.el8.x86_64 6/6
Installed products updated.
Upgraded:
sqlite-libs-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64
Installed:
libsqlite3x-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 libsqlite3x-devel-20071018-26.el8.x86_64 sqlite-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64
sqlite-devel-3.26.0-15.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
......
Verifying : oniguruma-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64 2/2
Installed products updated.
Installed:
oniguruma-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64 oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@master ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz php-7.4.30.tar.xz
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54 pass
[root@master ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel
Verifying : libzip-devel-1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64 2/2
Installed products updated.
Installed:
libzip-1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64
libzip-devel-1.5.1-2.module_el8.2.0+313+b04d0a66.x86_64
Complete!
[root@master ~]#
[root@master ~]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.xz
[root@master ~]# cd php-7.4.30
[root@master php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
> --with-config-file-path=/etc \
> --enable-fpm \
> --enable-inline-optimization \
> --disable-debug \
> --disable-rpath \
> --enable-shared \
> --enable-soap \
> --with-openssl \
> --enable-bcmath \
......
config.status: creating main/php_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.
[root@master php-7.4.30]# make
......
pharcommand.inc
invertedregexiterator.inc
directorytreeiterator.inc
directorygraphiterator.inc
phar.inc
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
[root@master php-7.4.30]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php7/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20190902/
Installing PHP CLI binary: /usr/local/php7/bin/
Installing PHP CLI man page: /usr/local/php7/php/man/man1/
......
/root/php-7.4.30/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar.phar
ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php7/bin/phar
Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php7/include/php/ext/pdo/
[root@master php-7.4.30]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@master php-7.4.30]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[root@master php-7.4.30]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[root@master php-7.4.30]# php -v
PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 3 2022 00:00:44) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
[root@master php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y
[root@master php-7.4.30]# cd sapi/
[root@master sapi]# ls
apache2handler cgi cli embed fpm litespeed phpdbg
[root@master sapi]# cd fpm/
[root@master fpm]# ls
config.m4 init.d.php-fpm.in php-fpm.8 php-fpm.service tests
CREDITS LICENSE php-fpm.8.in php-fpm.service.in www.conf
fpm Makefile.frag php-fpm.conf status.html www.conf.in
init.d.php-fpm php-fpm php-fpm.conf.in status.html.in
[root@master fpm]# file init.d.php-fpm
init.d.php-fpm: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable
[root@master fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@master fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[root@master fpm]# cd
[root@master ~]# service php-fpm status
php-fpm is stopped
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/php7/
[root@master php7]# ls
bin etc include lib php sbin var
[root@master php7]# cd etc/
[root@master etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@master etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@master etc]# ls
pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d
[root@master etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@master php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@master php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf
[root@master php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf www.conf.default
[root@master php-fpm.d]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[root@master php-fpm.d]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master php-fpm.d]#
[root@master php-fpm.d]# cd
[root@master ~]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[root@master ~]# chkconfig --list
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
php-fpm 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@master ~]#
3.4 配置apache
3.4.1 啟用代理模塊
在apache httpd 2.4以后已經專門有一個模塊針對FastCGI的實作，此模塊為mod_proxy_fcgi.so，它其實是作為mod_proxy.so模塊的擴展，因此，這兩個模塊都要加載，編輯httpd.conf檔案，取消以下兩行內容的注釋:
- LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
- LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/conf/
[root@master conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@master conf]# vim httpd.conf
loadmodule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
loadmodule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so（取消這兩行注釋）
3.4.2 配置虛擬主機
在需要使用fcgi的虛擬主機中添加類似如下兩行：ProxyRequests Off //關閉正向代理
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1
[root@master conf]# ls /usr/local/apache/
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules
[root@master conf]# ls /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
index.html
[root@master conf]# mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime
[root@master conf]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@master conf]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 504 games 45 Jun 12 2007 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 23 Aug 4 08:46 runtime
[root@master conf]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 23 Aug 4 08:46 index.php
[root@master conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@master conf]# cd extra/
[root@master extra]# ls
httpd-autoindex.conf httpd-info.conf httpd-mpm.conf httpd-userdir.conf
httpd-dav.conf httpd-languages.conf httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf httpd-vhosts.conf
httpd-default.conf httpd-manual.conf httpd-ssl.conf proxy-html.conf
[root@master extra]#
[root@master extra]# vim httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime"
ServerName dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog "logs/runtime.example.com-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/runtime.example.com-access_log" common
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/runtime">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[root@master extra]# ls
httpd-autoindex.conf httpd-info.conf httpd-mpm.conf httpd-userdir.conf
httpd-dav.conf httpd-languages.conf httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf httpd-vhosts.conf
httpd-default.conf httpd-manual.conf httpd-ssl.conf proxy-html.conf
[root@master extra]# cd ..
[root@master conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@master conf]# vim httpd.conf
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps#添加此行
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf（取消注釋）
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>（添加index.php）
[root@master conf]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@master conf]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - web server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-08-04 09:07:27 CST; 29s ago
Docs: man:httpd(5)
Process: 142048 ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 142053 ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 142057 (httpd)
Tasks: 6 (limit: 24717)
Memory: 5.9M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─142057 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─142058 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─142059 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─142060 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
├─142061 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
└─142062 /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -k start
Aug 04 09:07:12 master systemd[1]: Starting web server daemon...
Aug 04 09:07:27 master apachectl[142053]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's full>
Aug 04 09:07:27 master systemd[1]: Started web server daemon.
lines 1-20/20 (END)
以上設定表示把以.php結尾的檔案請求發送到php-fpm行程，php-fpm至少需要知道運行的目錄和URI，所以這里直接在fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000后指明了這兩個引數，其它引數的傳遞已經被mod_proxy_fcgi.so進行了封裝，不需要手動指定，
注意：
這里寫的/var/www/html/是yum源安裝方式生成的網頁存放目錄，這里必須改成你編譯安裝指定的網頁存放路徑，禁止直接復制我這里的路徑,這里的idfsoft.com是域名，你必須改成你所使用的域名，禁止直接復制此處的域名
這里的$1表示匹配所有以.php結尾的http請求
3.5 驗證
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標籤：MySQL