我在 AWS 的 EC2 機器上安裝了 Jenkins。我嘗試安裝 slack 插件，但它破壞了其他插件，所以我嘗試更新 Jenkins 版本以使其再次作業，現在我無法啟動它。我收到以下訊息：
Starting jenkins (via systemctl): Failed to start jenkins.service: Unit is not loaded properly: Invalid argument.
See system logs and 'systemctl status jenkins.service' for details.
[FAILED]
我還嘗試按照本指南完全洗掉 Jenkins：然后按照AWS中的 Jenkins 指南重新安裝它。但它仍然無法正常作業。在某些時候，當我這樣做時， journalctl -xe我得到了這個錯誤（我不記得我做了什么，但至少我保存了這個日志跟蹤）：
Unit jenkins.service has begun starting up.
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: Sep 20, 2022 4:39:49 PM executable.Main verifyJavaVersion
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: SEVERE: Running with Java class version 52, which is older than
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: 52.0
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: at executable.Main.verifyJavaVersion(Main.java:145)
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: at executable.Main.main(Main.java:109)
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: Jenkins requires Java versions [17, 11] but you are running wit
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: 52.0
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: at executable.Main.verifyJavaVersion(Main.java:145)
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal jenkins[23035]: at executable.Main.main(Main.java:109)
Sep 20 16:39:49 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: Failed to start Jenkins Continuous Integration Server.
-- Subject: Unit jenkins.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit jenkins.service has failed.
--
所以我雖然終于找到了錯誤，但我檢查了java -version，它說的是java1.8。因此，我將其更改alternatives --config java為：
java-11-openjdk.x86_64 (/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-11.0.16.0.8-1.amzn2.0.1.x86_64/bin/java)
我也將此路徑添加到/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins. 現在當我得到 java -version 我得到這個：
openjdk version "11.0.16" 2022-07-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (Red_Hat-11.0.16.0.8-1.amzn2.0.1) (build 11.0.16 8-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (Red_Hat-11.0.16.0.8-1.amzn2.0.1) (build 11.0.16 8-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)
當我嘗試獲取 jenkins 的狀態時，systemctl status jenkins.service -l我得到：
● jenkins.service
Loaded: error (Reason: Invalid argument)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/jenkins.service.d
└─override.conf
Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Tue 2022-09-20 16:39:49 UTC; 15h ago
Main PID: 23035 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Sep 20 16:57:30 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 20 16:57:43 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:15:59 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:20:02 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:23:12 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:23:20 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:24:26 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:30:58 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:31:06 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
Sep 21 07:48:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecStop= setting. Refusing.
當我使用時，journalctl -xe我得到：
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
--
-- Unit session-120.scope has finished starting up.
--
-- The start-up result is done.
Sep 21 07:40:01 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal CROND[842]: (root) CMD (/usr/lib64/sa/sa1 1 1)
Sep 21 07:41:28 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3121]: XMT: Solicit on eth0, interval 131610ms.
Sep 21 07:43:39 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3121]: XMT: Solicit on eth0, interval 118630ms.
Sep 21 07:45:38 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3121]: XMT: Solicit on eth0, interval 121300ms.
Sep 21 07:46:59 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sshd[3483]: Received disconnect from 92.255.85.69 port 28784:
Sep 21 07:46:59 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sshd[3483]: Disconnected from 92.255.85.69 port 28784 [preaut
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3075]: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 10.10.3.1 port 67 (xid
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3075]: DHCPACK from 10.10.3.1 (xid=0x18dc5aad)
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal NET[3542]: dhclient: Locked /run/dhclient/resolv.lock
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3075]: bound to 10.10.3.149 -- renewal in 1618 secon
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal ec2net[3561]: [get_meta] Querying IMDS for meta-data/network/
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal ec2net[3562]: [get_meta] Getting token for IMDSv2.
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal ec2net[3565]: [get_meta] Trying to get http://169.254.169.254
Sep 21 07:47:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal ec2net[3570]: [remove_aliases] Removing aliases of eth0
Sep 21 07:47:39 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal dhclient[3121]: XMT: Solicit on eth0, interval 116180ms.
Sep 21 07:48:03 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[3947]: root : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/root ; USER=root ; CO
Sep 21 07:48:03 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[3947]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user r
Sep 21 07:48:03 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: Reloading.
Sep 21 07:48:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal systemd[1]: jenkins.service lacks both ExecStart= and ExecSto
Sep 21 07:48:04 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[3947]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user r
Sep 21 07:48:09 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[4019]: root : TTY=pts/0 ; PWD=/root ; USER=root ; CO
Sep 21 07:48:09 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[4019]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session opened for user r
Sep 21 07:48:09 ip-10-10-3-149.ec2.internal sudo[4019]: pam_unix(sudo:session): session closed for user r
我也嘗試過這里的解決方案。我不確定我還能嘗試什么。
更新：這就是我的詹金斯單元的樣子（systemctl cat jenkins）：
# /etc/systemd/system/jenkins.service
[Service]
Environment="JENKINS_PORT=8000"
# /etc/systemd/system/jenkins.service.d/override.conf
[Service]
Environment="JENKINS_PORT=8000"
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
根據日志，單元檔案缺少啟動和停止腳本，可以通過
systemctl cat jenkins.
根據Jenkins 檔案，systemd 檔案需要更改。使用檔案中給出的檔案復制和覆寫單元檔案可以解決問題。
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