我無法讓烏龜 ontimer() 函式作業。
當我使用turtle庫的ontimer函式時，代碼直接執行，不會等待預期的時間。
為了使我的代碼作業，我使用了函式 time.sleep(1) 這不是一個很好的解決方案
這是代碼：
import turtle, time
heure_=int(input("Enter the time in hh format: "))
minute_=int(input("Enter the minutes in mm format: "))
seconde_=int(input("Enter the seconds in ss format: "))
#calculate time
def formt(h, m, s):
minute, seconde = divmod(s, 60)
heure, minute = divmod(minute m, 60)
heure = (heure h)%12
return heure, minute, seconde
heure, minute, seconde = formt(heure_, minute_, seconde_)
#function to calculate hands angles
def angle(h, m, s):
angle_s=(360 / 60) * s
angle_m=(360 / 60) * m angle_s*1/60
angle_h=(360 / 12) * h angle_m*1/12
return angle_h, angle_m, angle_s
#hands
def aigh(h, x=0, y=0, f=100):
hour_t.ht()
hour_t.goto(x,y)
hour_t.setheading(90)
hour_t.rt(h)
hour_t.pendown()
hour_t.width(10)
hour_t.forward(f)
def aigm(m, x=0, y=0, f=150):
min_t.ht()
min_t.goto(x,y)
min_t.setheading(90)
min_t.rt(m)
min_t.pendown()
min_t.width(5)
min_t.forward(f)
def aigs(s, x=0, y=0, f=170):
sec_t.ht()
sec_t.goto(x,y)
sec_t.setheading(90)
sec_t.color("red")
sec_t.width()
sec_t.rt(s)
sec_t.pendown()
sec_t.width(1)
sec_t.forward(f)
#init turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
#turtles for hands
hour_t = turtle.Turtle()
min_t = turtle.Turtle()
sec_t = turtle.Turtle()
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Clock")
wn.tracer(0)
def draw(h, m, s):
aigh(h)
aigm(m)
aigs(s)
def refresh(h=heure, m=minute, s=seconde):
global seconde
wn.tracer(0)
hour_t.undo()
min_t.undo()
sec_t.undo()
h_, m_, s_ = formt(h, m, s)
t.undo()
#get the hands angles
agl_h, agl_m, agl_s = angle(h_, m_, s_)
#draw the hands
draw(agl_h, agl_m, agl_s)
wn.update()
seconde =1
#wn.ontimer(refresh, 1000)
for _ in iter(int, 1):
refresh(s=seconde)
time.sleep(1)
我怎樣才能使代碼作業？謝謝你。
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
您已經陷入了經典的 Python 陷阱之一。當你這樣說時：
def refresh(h=heure, m=minute, s=seconde):
默認值是在定義函式時捕獲的。這些都不是活生生的價值觀。因此，如果您輸入 5、15、23，則這些引數的默認值將始終為 5、15 和 23，無論全域變數如何變化。
您完全依賴于這里的全域變數，因此只需使用它們即可。這有效：
import turtle, time
heure_=int(input("Enter the time in hh format: "))
minute_=int(input("Enter the minutes in mm format: "))
seconde_=int(input("Enter the seconds in ss format: "))
#calculate time
def formt(h, m, s):
minute, seconde = divmod(s, 60)
heure, minute = divmod(minute m, 60)
heure = (heure h)%12
return heure, minute, seconde
heure, minute, seconde = formt(heure_, minute_, seconde_)
#function to calculate hands angles
def angle(h, m, s):
angle_s=(360 / 60) * s
angle_m=(360 / 60) * m angle_s*1/60
angle_h=(360 / 12) * h angle_m*1/12
return angle_h, angle_m, angle_s
#hands
def aigh(h, x=0, y=0, f=100):
hour_t.ht()
hour_t.goto(x,y)
hour_t.setheading(90)
hour_t.rt(h)
hour_t.pendown()
hour_t.width(10)
hour_t.forward(f)
def aigm(m, x=0, y=0, f=150):
min_t.ht()
min_t.goto(x,y)
min_t.setheading(90)
min_t.rt(m)
min_t.pendown()
min_t.width(5)
min_t.forward(f)
def aigs(s, x=0, y=0, f=170):
sec_t.ht()
sec_t.goto(x,y)
sec_t.setheading(90)
sec_t.color("red")
sec_t.width()
sec_t.rt(s)
sec_t.pendown()
sec_t.width(1)
sec_t.forward(f)
#init turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
#turtles for hands
hour_t = turtle.Turtle()
min_t = turtle.Turtle()
sec_t = turtle.Turtle()
wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.title("Clock")
wn.tracer(0)
def draw(h, m, s):
aigh(h)
aigm(m)
aigs(s)
def refresh():
global seconde
wn.tracer(0)
hour_t.undo()
min_t.undo()
sec_t.undo()
h_, m_, s_ = formt(heure, minute, seconde)
t.undo()
#get the hands angles
agl_h, agl_m, agl_s = angle(h_, m_, s_)
#draw the hands
draw(agl_h, agl_m, agl_s)
wn.update()
seconde =1
while True:
refresh()
time.sleep(1)
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
我看到您的代碼存在許多小問題（例如，手不采用指定的寬度和顏色。）我同意 @TimRoberts 的觀點，即默認引數是您的主要問題。以下是我對要使用的代碼的返工，ontimer()并嘗試修復和簡化它：
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
heure_ = int(input("Enter the time in hh format: "))
minute_ = int(input("Enter the minutes in mm format: "))
seconde_ = int(input("Enter the seconds in ss format: "))
# calculate time
def formt(h, m, s):
minute, seconde = divmod(s, 60)
heure, minute = divmod(minute m, 60)
heure = (heure h) % 12
return heure, minute, seconde
# function to calculate hands angles
def angle(h, m, s):
angle_s = (360 / 60) * s
angle_m = (360 / 60) * m angle_s/60
angle_h = (360 / 12) * h angle_m/12
return angle_h, angle_m, angle_s
# hands
def aigh(h, x=0, y=0, f=100):
hour_t.goto(x, y)
hour_t.clear()
hour_t.setheading(h)
hour_t.forward(f)
def aigm(m, x=0, y=0, f=150):
min_t.goto(x, y)
min_t.clear()
min_t.setheading(m)
min_t.forward(f)
def aigs(s, x=0, y=0, f=170):
sec_t.goto(x, y)
sec_t.clear()
sec_t.setheading(s)
sec_t.forward(f)
def draw(h, m, s):
aigh(h)
aigm(m)
aigs(s)
heure, minute, seconde = formt(heure_, minute_, seconde_)
def refresh():
global heure, minute, seconde
heure, minute, seconde = formt(heure, minute, seconde)
# get the hands angles
agl_h, agl_m, agl_s = angle(heure, minute, seconde)
# draw the hands
draw(agl_h, agl_m, agl_s)
seconde = 1
screen.update()
screen.ontimer(refresh, 1000)
screen = Screen()
screen.mode('logo') # 0 degrees at top, circles go clockwise, like a clock!
screen.title("Clock")
screen.tracer(False)
# turtles for hands
hour_t = Turtle()
hour_t.hideturtle()
hour_t.width(10)
min_t = Turtle()
min_t.hideturtle()
min_t.width(5)
sec_t = Turtle()
sec_t.hideturtle()
sec_t.width(1)
sec_t.color("red")
refresh()
screen.mainloop()
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