matplotlib日期刻度：列印“好”日期-有解無憂

我想控制日期標簽。我正在遍歷資料的各個子集，有時會繪制很長的間隔，其中每 10 年打勾是合適的；有時更短的間隔，每 5 年或 2 年或 1 年打勾是合適的；有時繪制幾個月的間隔，其中月份標簽是合適的；有時是混合情況。我知道如何將我的日期轉換為字串并提取年份并手動制作標簽，但由于我的日期范圍不斷變化，我希望有一定程度的靈活性，并盡可能多地使用內置函式。我嘗試使用這些matplotlib.dates功能：AutoDateLocator, ConciseDateFormatter, YearLocator, DateFormatter: 請參閱下面的恐怖博物館。我似乎缺少一些基本的東西。

在下面的示例中，默認日期標簽是 1949、1959 等，我想要 1950、1960 等，所以標簽的頻率很高，但開始日期不是。有沒有辦法讓所選年份成為 10 或 5 的倍數？

感謝指點！

默認圖

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
from pandas import Timestamp
from numpy import nan

# Default plot:
f, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, x='Date')
plt.show()

matplotlib 日期刻度：列印“好”日期

# attempt 1
# https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/dates_api.html
from matplotlib.dates import YearLocator, DateFormatter
f, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, x='Date')
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(YearLocator(10)) # <- ticks every 10 years
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter('%Y'))  # <- show only the year
plt.show()

matplotlib 日期刻度：列印“好”日期

# attempt 2
# https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/ticks/date_concise_formatter.html
from matplotlib.dates import AutoDateLocator, ConciseDateFormatter
f, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, x='Date')
locator = AutoDateLocator(minticks=4, maxticks=10)  # <- autodetect a good place to place ticks
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(locator)
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(ConciseDateFormatter(locator))
plt.show() # <- Months appear where they shouldn't

matplotlib 日期刻度：列印“好”日期

資料：

data_dict = {'Date': {0: Timestamp('1946-01-01 00:00:00'), 1: Timestamp('1946-04-01 00:00:00'), 2: Timestamp('1946-07-01 00:00:00'), 3: Timestamp('1946-10-01 00:00:00'), 4: Timestamp('1947-01-01 00:00:00'), 5: Timestamp('1947-04-01 00:00:00'), 6: Timestamp('1947-07-01 00:00:00'), 7: Timestamp('1947-10-01 00:00:00'), 8: Timestamp('1948-01-01 00:00:00'), 9: Timestamp('1948-04-01 00:00:00'), 10: Timestamp('1948-07-01 00:00:00'), 11: Timestamp('1948-10-01 00:00:00'), 12: Timestamp('1949-01-01 00:00:00'), 13: Timestamp('1949-04-01 00:00:00'), 14: Timestamp('1949-07-01 00:00:00'), 15: Timestamp('1949-10-01 00:00:00'), 16: Timestamp('1950-01-01 00:00:00'), 17: Timestamp('1950-04-01 00:00:00'), 18: Timestamp('1950-07-01 00:00:00'), 19: Timestamp('1950-10-01 00:00:00'), 20: Timestamp('1951-01-01 00:00:00'), 21: Timestamp('1951-04-01 00:00:00'), 22: Timestamp('1951-07-01 00:00:00'), 23: Timestamp('1951-10-01 00:00:00'), 24: Timestamp('1952-01-01 00:00:00'), 25: Timestamp('1952-04-01 00:00:00'), 26: Timestamp('1952-07-01 00:00:00'), 27: Timestamp('1952-10-01 00:00:00'), 28: Timestamp('1953-01-01 00:00:00'), 29: Timestamp('1953-04-01 00:00:00'), 30: Timestamp('1953-07-01 00:00:00'), 31: Timestamp('1953-10-01 00:00:00'), 32: Timestamp('1954-01-01 00:00:00'), 33: Timestamp('1954-04-01 00:00:00'), 34: Timestamp('1954-07-01 00:00:00'), 35: Timestamp('1954-10-01 00:00:00'), 36: Timestamp('1955-01-01 00:00:00'), 37: Timestamp('1955-04-01 00:00:00'), 38: Timestamp('1955-07-01 00:00:00'), 39: Timestamp('1955-10-01 00:00:00'), 40: Timestamp('1956-01-01 00:00:00'), 41: Timestamp('1956-04-01 00:00:00'), 42: Timestamp('1956-07-01 00:00:00'), 43: Timestamp('1956-10-01 00:00:00'), 44: Timestamp('1957-01-01 00:00:00'), 45: Timestamp('1957-04-01 00:00:00'), 46: Timestamp('1957-07-01 00:00:00'), 47: Timestamp('1957-10-01 00:00:00'), 48: Timestamp('1958-01-01 00:00:00'), 49: Timestamp('1958-04-01 00:00:00'), 50: Timestamp('1958-07-01 00:00:00'), 51: Timestamp('1958-10-01 00:00:00'), 52: Timestamp('1959-01-01 00:00:00'), 53: Timestamp('1959-04-01 00:00:00'), 54: Timestamp('1959-07-01 00:00:00'), 55: Timestamp('1959-10-01 00:00:00'), 56: Timestamp('1960-01-01 00:00:00'), 57: Timestamp('1960-04-01 00:00:00'), 58: Timestamp('1960-07-01 00:00:00'), 59: Timestamp('1960-10-01 00:00:00'), 60: Timestamp('1961-01-01 00:00:00'), 61: Timestamp('1961-04-01 00:00:00'), 62: Timestamp('1961-07-01 00:00:00'), 63: Timestamp('1961-10-01 00:00:00'), 64: Timestamp('1962-01-01 00:00:00'), 65: Timestamp('1962-04-01 00:00:00'), 66: Timestamp('1962-07-01 00:00:00'), 67: Timestamp('1962-10-01 00:00:00'), 68: Timestamp('1963-01-01 00:00:00'), 69: Timestamp('1963-04-01 00:00:00'), 70: Timestamp('1963-07-01 00:00:00'), 71: Timestamp('1963-10-01 00:00:00'), 72: Timestamp('1964-01-01 00:00:00'), 73: Timestamp('1964-04-01 00:00:00'), 74: Timestamp('1964-07-01 00:00:00'), 75: Timestamp('1964-10-01 00:00:00'), 76: Timestamp('1965-01-01 00:00:00'), 77: Timestamp('1965-04-01 00:00:00'), 78: Timestamp('1965-07-01 00:00:00'), 79: Timestamp('1965-10-01 00:00:00'), 80: Timestamp('1966-01-01 00:00:00'), 81: Timestamp('1966-04-01 00:00:00'), 82: Timestamp('1966-07-01 00:00:00'), 83: Timestamp('1966-10-01 00:00:00'), 84: Timestamp('1967-01-01 00:00:00'), 85: Timestamp('1967-04-01 00:00:00'), 86: Timestamp('1967-07-01 00:00:00'), 87: Timestamp('1967-10-01 00:00:00'), 88: Timestamp('1968-01-01 00:00:00'), 89: Timestamp('1968-04-01 00:00:00'), 90: Timestamp('1968-07-01 00:00:00'), 91: Timestamp('1968-10-01 00:00:00'), 92: Timestamp('1969-01-01 00:00:00'), 93: Timestamp('1969-04-01 00:00:00'), 94: Timestamp('1969-07-01 00:00:00'), 95: Timestamp('1969-10-01 00:00:00'), 96: Timestamp('1970-01-01 00:00:00'), 97: Timestamp('1970-04-01 00:00:00'), 98: Timestamp('1970-07-01 00:00:00'), 99: Timestamp('1970-10-01 00:00:00'), 100: Timestamp('1971-01-01 00:00:00'), 101: Timestamp('1971-04-01 00:00:00'), 102: Timestamp('1971-07-01 00:00:00'), 103: Timestamp('1971-10-01 00:00:00'), 104: Timestamp('1972-01-01 00:00:00'), 105: Timestamp('1972-04-01 00:00:00'), 106: Timestamp('1972-07-01 00:00:00'), 107: Timestamp('1972-10-01 00:00:00'), 108: Timestamp('1973-01-01 00:00:00'), 109: Timestamp('1973-04-01 00:00:00'), 110: Timestamp('1973-07-01 00:00:00'), 111: Timestamp('1973-10-01 00:00:00'), 112: Timestamp('1974-01-01 00:00:00'), 113: Timestamp('1974-04-01 00:00:00'), 114: Timestamp('1974-07-01 00:00:00'), 115: Timestamp('1974-10-01 00:00:00'), 116: Timestamp('1975-01-01 00:00:00'), 117: Timestamp('1975-04-01 00:00:00'), 118: Timestamp('1975-07-01 00:00:00'), 119: Timestamp('1975-10-01 00:00:00'), 120: Timestamp('1976-01-01 00:00:00'), 121: Timestamp('1976-04-01 00:00:00'), 122: Timestamp('1976-07-01 00:00:00'), 123: Timestamp('1976-10-01 00:00:00'), 124: Timestamp('1977-01-01 00:00:00'), 125: Timestamp('1977-04-01 00:00:00'), 126: Timestamp('1977-07-01 00:00:00'), 127: Timestamp('1977-10-01 00:00:00'), 128: Timestamp('1978-01-01 00:00:00'), 129: Timestamp('1978-04-01 00:00:00'), 130: Timestamp('1978-07-01 00:00:00'), 131: Timestamp('1978-10-01 00:00:00'), 132: Timestamp('1979-01-01 00:00:00'), 133: Timestamp('1979-04-01 00:00:00'), 134: Timestamp('1979-07-01 00:00:00'), 135: Timestamp('1979-10-01 00:00:00'), 136: Timestamp('1980-01-01 00:00:00'), 137: Timestamp('1980-04-01 00:00:00'), 138: Timestamp('1980-07-01 00:00:00'), 139: Timestamp('1980-10-01 00:00:00'), 140: Timestamp('1981-01-01 00:00:00'), 141: Timestamp('1981-04-01 00:00:00'), 142: Timestamp('1981-07-01 00:00:00'), 143: Timestamp('1981-10-01 00:00:00'), 144: Timestamp('1982-01-01 00:00:00'), 145: Timestamp('1982-04-01 00:00:00'), 146: Timestamp('1982-07-01 00:00:00'), 147: Timestamp('1982-10-01 00:00:00'), 148: Timestamp('1983-01-01 00:00:00'), 149: Timestamp('1983-04-01 00:00:00'), 150: Timestamp('1983-07-01 00:00:00'), 151: Timestamp('1983-10-01 00:00:00'), 152: Timestamp('1984-01-01 00:00:00'), 153: Timestamp('1984-04-01 00:00:00'), 154: Timestamp('1984-07-01 00:00:00'), 155: Timestamp('1984-10-01 00:00:00'), 156: Timestamp('1985-01-01 00:00:00'), 157: Timestamp('1985-04-01 00:00:00'), 158: Timestamp('1985-07-01 00:00:00'), 159: Timestamp('1985-10-01 00:00:00'), 160: Timestamp('1986-01-01 00:00:00'), 161: Timestamp('1986-04-01 00:00:00'), 162: Timestamp('1986-07-01 00:00:00'), 163: Timestamp('1986-10-01 00:00:00'), 164: Timestamp('1987-01-01 00:00:00'), 165: Timestamp('1987-04-01 00:00:00'), 166: Timestamp('1987-07-01 00:00:00'), 167: Timestamp('1987-10-01 00:00:00'), 168: Timestamp('1988-01-01 00:00:00'), 169: Timestamp('1988-04-01 00:00:00'), 170: Timestamp('1988-07-01 00:00:00'), 171: Timestamp('1988-10-01 00:00:00'), 172: Timestamp('1989-01-01 00:00:00'), 173: Timestamp('1989-04-01 00:00:00'), 174: Timestamp('1989-07-01 00:00:00'), 175: Timestamp('1989-10-01 00:00:00'), 176: Timestamp('1990-01-01 00:00:00'), 177: Timestamp('1990-04-01 00:00:00'), 178: Timestamp('1990-07-01 00:00:00'), 179: Timestamp('1990-10-01 00:00:00'), 180: Timestamp('1991-01-01 00:00:00'), 181: Timestamp('1991-04-01 00:00:00'), 182: Timestamp('1991-07-01 00:00:00'), 183: Timestamp('1991-10-01 00:00:00'), 184: Timestamp('1992-01-01 00:00:00'), 185: Timestamp('1992-04-01 00:00:00'), 186: Timestamp('1992-07-01 00:00:00'), 187: Timestamp('1992-10-01 00:00:00'), 188: Timestamp('1993-01-01 00:00:00'), 189: Timestamp('1993-04-01 00:00:00'), 190: Timestamp('1993-07-01 00:00:00'), 191: Timestamp('1993-10-01 00:00:00'), 192: Timestamp('1994-01-01 00:00:00'), 193: Timestamp('1994-04-01 00:00:00'), 194: Timestamp('1994-07-01 00:00:00'), 195: Timestamp('1994-10-01 00:00:00'), 196: Timestamp('1995-01-01 00:00:00'), 197: Timestamp('1995-04-01 00:00:00'), 198: Timestamp('1995-07-01 00:00:00'), 199: Timestamp('1995-10-01 00:00:00'), 200: Timestamp('1996-01-01 00:00:00'), 201: Timestamp('1996-04-01 00:00:00'), 202: Timestamp('1996-07-01 00:00:00'), 203: Timestamp('1996-10-01 00:00:00'), 204: Timestamp('1997-01-01 00:00:00'), 205: Timestamp('1997-04-01 00:00:00'), 206: Timestamp('1997-07-01 00:00:00'), 207: Timestamp('1997-10-01 00:00:00'), 208: Timestamp('1998-01-01 00:00:00'), 209: Timestamp('1998-04-01 00:00:00'), 210: Timestamp('1998-07-01 00:00:00'), 211: Timestamp('1998-10-01 00:00:00'), 212: Timestamp('1999-01-01 00:00:00'), 213: Timestamp('1999-04-01 00:00:00'), 214: Timestamp('1999-07-01 00:00:00'), 215: Timestamp('1999-10-01 00:00:00'), 216: Timestamp('2000-01-01 00:00:00'), 217: Timestamp('2000-04-01 00:00:00'), 218: Timestamp('2000-07-01 00:00:00'), 219: Timestamp('2000-10-01 00:00:00'), 220: Timestamp('2001-01-01 00:00:00'), 221: Timestamp('2001-04-01 00:00:00'), 222: Timestamp('2001-07-01 00:00:00'), 223: Timestamp('2001-10-01 00:00:00'), 224: Timestamp('2002-01-01 00:00:00'), 225: Timestamp('2002-04-01 00:00:00'), 226: Timestamp('2002-07-01 00:00:00'), 227: Timestamp('2002-10-01 00:00:00'), 228: Timestamp('2003-01-01 00:00:00'), 229: Timestamp('2003-04-01 00:00:00'), 230: Timestamp('2003-07-01 00:00:00'), 231: Timestamp('2003-10-01 00:00:00'), 232: Timestamp('2004-01-01 00:00:00'), 233: Timestamp('2004-04-01 00:00:00'), 234: Timestamp('2004-07-01 00:00:00'), 235: Timestamp('2004-10-01 00:00:00'), 236: Timestamp('2005-01-01 00:00:00'), 237: Timestamp('2005-04-01 00:00:00'), 238: Timestamp('2005-07-01 00:00:00'), 239: Timestamp('2005-10-01 00:00:00'), 240: Timestamp('2006-01-01 00:00:00'), 241: Timestamp('2006-04-01 00:00:00'), 242: Timestamp('2006-07-01 00:00:00'), 243: Timestamp('2006-10-01 00:00:00'), 244: Timestamp('2007-01-01 00:00:00'), 245: Timestamp('2007-04-01 00:00:00'), 246: Timestamp('2007-07-01 00:00:00'), 247: Timestamp('2007-10-01 00:00:00'), 248: Timestamp('2008-01-01 00:00:00'), 249: Timestamp('2008-04-01 00:00:00'), 250: Timestamp('2008-07-01 00:00:00'), 251: Timestamp('2008-10-01 00:00:00'), 252: Timestamp('2009-01-01 00:00:00'), 253: Timestamp('2009-04-01 00:00:00'), 254: Timestamp('2009-07-01 00:00:00'), 255: Timestamp('2009-10-01 00:00:00'), 256: Timestamp('2010-01-01 00:00:00'), 257: Timestamp('2010-04-01 00:00:00'), 258: Timestamp('2010-07-01 00:00:00'), 259: Timestamp('2010-10-01 00:00:00'), 260: Timestamp('2011-01-01 00:00:00'), 261: Timestamp('2011-04-01 00:00:00'), 262: Timestamp('2011-07-01 00:00:00'), 263: Timestamp('2011-10-01 00:00:00'), 264: Timestamp('2012-01-01 00:00:00'), 265: Timestamp('2012-04-01 00:00:00'), 266: Timestamp('2012-07-01 00:00:00'), 267: Timestamp('2012-10-01 00:00:00'), 268: Timestamp('2013-01-01 00:00:00'), 269: Timestamp('2013-04-01 00:00:00'), 270: Timestamp('2013-07-01 00:00:00'), 271: Timestamp('2013-10-01 00:00:00'), 272: Timestamp('2014-01-01 00:00:00'), 273: Timestamp('2014-04-01 00:00:00'), 274: Timestamp('2014-07-01 00:00:00'), 275: Timestamp('2014-10-01 00:00:00'), 276: Timestamp('2015-01-01 00:00:00'), 277: Timestamp('2015-04-01 00:00:00'), 278: Timestamp('2015-07-01 00:00:00'), 279: Timestamp('2015-10-01 00:00:00'), 280: Timestamp('2016-01-01 00:00:00'), 281: Timestamp('2016-04-01 00:00:00'), 282: Timestamp('2016-07-01 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df = pd.DataFrame(data_dict)

當我回圈時，我會訪問像df.loc[(df['Date'] >= "2019") & (df['Date'] <= "2021")].

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

我會回答我自己的問題來解決這個問題。答案基于紳士MrFuppes的建議。

要重新控制刻度位置和刻度標簽格式，在使用pandas繪圖包裝器時，需要設定x_compat=True. 這是因為包裝器在后臺用s 和spandas做了很多作業。在大多數情況下，它做得很好，但如果你想要更多的特殊控制，你需要訪問的定位器和格式化程式。以下是實作所需結果的一種方法。locatorformatterpandasmatplotlib

from matplotlib.dates import YearLocator, DateFormatter
f, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, x='Date', x_compat=True)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(YearLocator(10))
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter("%Y"))
ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(rotation=0)
plt.show()

matplotlib 日期刻度：列印“好”日期

如果時間范圍更短，則可能的自定義（與默認設定沒有太大區別pandas）如下：

from matplotlib.dates import YearLocator, MonthLocator, DateFormatter
f, ax = plt.subplots()
df.plot(ax=ax, x='Date', x_compat=True)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(YearLocator(1))
ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(DateFormatter("%b\n%Y"))
ax.xaxis.set_tick_params(rotation=0)
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(MonthLocator(7))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_formatter(DateFormatter("%b"))
ax.xaxis.set_label_text('')
plt.show()

matplotlib 日期刻度：列印“好”日期

我也成功地將千位分隔符添加到 y 軸：

from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter
ax.yaxis.set_minor_formatter(FuncFormatter(lambda x, pos: format(int(x), ',')))

或.set_major_formatter視情況而定。

但這顯然已經不在話題范圍內了。

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