我正在嘗試將用于從 stats 包中進行非線性最小化的 nlm 函式從 R 轉換為 Python。在 R 的幫助選單中，它說“函式使用牛頓型演算法執行函式 f 的最小化”
R中的原始正確代碼如下：
m=3
la1 = 1
la2 = 3
la3 = 7
del = matrix(0,1,m-1);del
del[1] = 0.5
del[2] = 0.2
del[3] = 1 - (del[1] del[2])
del
cd = cumsum(del);cd
# Generate random data for a m mixture model
N = 100 # number of data points
unifvec = runif(N)
d1 = rpois(sum(unifvec < cd[1]),la1);d1
d2 = rpois(sum(unifvec > cd[1] & unifvec < cd[2]),la2)
d3 = rpois(sum(unifvec > cd[2]),la3);d3
data = c(d1,d2,d3);data # Data vector
# Functions for parameter transformation
logit <- function(vec) log(vec/(1-sum(vec)))
invlogit <- function(vec) exp(vec)/(1 sum(exp(vec)))
# Make function for the negative log-likelihood
f <- function(PAR) {
M = length(PAR)
m = ceiling(M/2)
LA = exp(PAR[1:m]) # transform lambdas
DELs = invlogit(PAR[(m 1):M]) # transform deltas
DEL = c(DELs,1-sum(DELs))
# Equation (1.1) on p. 9
L = DEL[1]*dpois(data,LA[1])
for(i in 2:m){
L = L DEL[i]*dpois(data,LA[i])
}
-sum(log(L))
}
# Define starting guess for optimization
par = c(2,4,7,0.5,0.2)
PAR = par
PAR[1:3] = log(par[1:3])
PAR[4:5] = logit(par[4:5])
PAR
# Optimize using nlm
res = nlm(f,PAR);res
結果：
$minimum
[1] 211.2481
$estimate
[1] -0.2827635 1.1449476 1.8346681 0.7380511 -0.3305408
$gradient
[1] -1.185185e-05 -1.372745e-05 -3.084352e-05 4.720846e-05
[5] 1.506351e-06
$code
[1] 1
$iterations
[1] 22
在 Python 中這樣做我發現 scipy.optimize.minimize 我認為它做同樣的事情。
m=3
la1 = 1
la2 = 3
la3 = 7
de = np.zeros(m);de
de[0] = 0.5
de[1] = 0.2
de[2] = 1 - (de[0] de[1])
de
cd = np.cumsum(de);cd
N = 100 # number of data points
unifvec = np.random.uniform(0,1,N)
d1 = np.random.poisson(la1, sum(unifvec < cd[0], la1));d1
d2 = np.random.poisson(la2,sum( (unifvec > cd[0]) & (unifvec <cd[1]) ) );d2
d3 = np.random.poisson(la1, sum(unifvec < cd[1], la1));d3
data = np.concatenate((d1,d2,d3), axis=None);(data)
# Functions for parameter transformation
def logit(vec):
return(np.log(vec/(1-sum(vec))))
def invlogit(vec):
return(np.exp(vec)/(1 sum(np.exp(vec))))
# Make function for the negative log-likelihood
def f(PAR):
M = len(PAR)
m = int(np.ceil(M/2))
LA = np.exp(PAR[:m]) # transform lambdas
DELs = invlogit(PAR[m:M]) # transform deltas
DEL = np.concatenate((DELs, 1-sum(DELs)), axis=None)
# Equation (1.1) on p. 9
from scipy.stats import poisson
L = DEL[0]*poisson.pmf(data,LA[0])
for i in range(1,m):
L = L DEL[i]*poisson.pmf(data,LA[i])
return(-sum(np.log(L)))
# Define starting guess for optimization
par = np.array([2,4,7,0.5,0.2])
PAR = par
PAR[0:3] = np.log(par[:3])
PAR[3:5] = logit(par[3:5])
from scipy.optimize import minimize
res = minimize(f, PAR, method='Nelder-Mead', tol=1e-6)
res
但結果與 R 中的結果不相似
final_simplex: (array([[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084603, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95479 ],
[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084639, 3.06041089,
-0.95479 ],
[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084608, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95479 ],
[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084587, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95479 ],
[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084553, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95478999],
[ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084576, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95478999]]), array([211.89342437, 211.89342437, 211.89342437, 211.89342437,
211.89342437, 211.89342437]))
fun: 211.89342437364002
message: 'Optimization terminated successfully.'
nfev: 782
nit: 457
status: 0
success: True
x: array([ 0.29287179, 1.87973654, -175.80084603, 3.0604109 ,
-0.95479 ])
最小值相似，但估計值不同。特別是第三個估計值是完全錯誤的
uj5u.com熱心網友回復：
我測驗如果你使用相同的data，你可以得到相似的minimum。在 R 中：
data <- c(0L, 1L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 2L,
1L, 3L, 1L, 1L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 1L, 3L, 3L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 3L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 3L, 2L, 0L, 3L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 5L, 1L, 3L, 0L, 1L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 3L, 5L,
3L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 2L, 5L, 10L, 5L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 8L, 7L, 10L, 6L,
5L, 9L, 6L, 3L, 5L, 9L, 7L, 10L, 5L, 4L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 6L, 8L,
5L, 4L, 13L, 9L, 9L, 4L, 10L)
PAR <- c(0.693147180559945, 1.38629436111989, 1.94591014905531, 0.510825623765991,
-0.405465108108164)
f(PAR)
# 239.3489
輸出：
res = nlm(f,PAR);
res
$minimum
[1] 228.2598
$estimate
[1] -1.3531276 0.6409517 1.9662910 -0.6879096 0.5427875
$gradient
[1] -1.228761e-05 -4.965273e-05 1.113862e-04 1.637090e-05 -2.287948e-05
$code
[1] 1
$iterations
[1] 32
在 Python
data = np.array([0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2,
1, 3, 1, 1, 0, 3, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 0,
0, 0, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 3, 2, 2, 2, 0,
0, 0, 0, 3, 3, 3, 5, 1, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 5,
3, 2, 2, 1, 2, 5, 10, 5, 8, 8, 10, 8, 7, 10, 6,
5, 9, 6, 3, 5, 9, 7, 10, 5, 4, 6, 8, 8, 6, 8,
5, 4, 13, 9, 9, 4, 10])
PAR = np.array([ 0.69314718, 1.38629436, 1.94591015, 0.51082562, -0.40546511])
f(PAR)
#239.34891885662626
輸出
res = minimize(f, PAR, method='Nelder-Mead', tol=1e-6);
res
final_simplex: (array([[-1.35304276, 0.64096297, 1.96629305, -0.68786541, 0.54278448],
[-1.35304245, 0.64096303, 1.96629305, -0.68786503, 0.54278438],
[-1.35304179, 0.64096308, 1.96629302, -0.68786502, 0.54278439],
[-1.35304231, 0.64096294, 1.96629301, -0.6878652 , 0.54278434],
[-1.35304278, 0.64096297, 1.966293 , -0.68786511, 0.5427845 ],
[-1.3530437 , 0.64096284, 1.96629297, -0.68786577, 0.54278438]]), array([228.25982274, 228.25982274, 228.25982274, 228.25982274,
228.25982274, 228.25982274]))
fun: 228.259822735201
message: 'Optimization terminated successfully.'
nfev: 768
nit: 478
status: 0
success: True
x: array([-1.35304276, 0.64096297, 1.96629305, -0.68786541, 0.54278448])
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