如何在select/group命令中選擇子字串-Powershell

在下面的代碼中，userprinciplename 將輸出諸如“[email protected]”和 [email protected] 之類的字串，但我希望從中提取一個子字串，即“_”字符之前的代碼，所以 LLL 和 XXXX。

但是可能有一些沒有下劃線字符，因此需要忽略這些/具有它會回傳的原始字串。

##Check bottom of script for setting specific OU
Function Get-LastLogon {
  param(
    [string]$OUName
  )

  # Get all matching OUs on any level
  $OUs = Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter "Name -like '$OUName'"
  $DCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter *

  # Get all users from each OU from each DC
  $ADUsers = Foreach ($OU in $OUs) {
    Foreach ($DC in $DCs.HostName) {
      Get-ADUser -SearchBase $OU.DistinguishedName -Filter * -Properties LastLogon -server $dc | 
        Select-Object Name,userPrincipalName, @{n='LastLogon';e={[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogon)}}
    }
  }

  # return most recent LastLogon date for each user
  $ADUsers | 
    Group Name,userPrincipalName | 
    Select Name,userprinciplename, @{n='LastLogon';e={$_.Group.LastLogon | sort -desc | select -First 1}}
}  ## End function


##Enter the OU here
Get-LastLogon -OUName 'Clients' 

##Un-comment below to export to csv
## | Export-Csv -Path 'C:\temp\UserExport.csv'

這是腳本現在的完整外觀：

##Check bottom of script for setting specific OU
Function Get-LastLogon {
  param(
    [string]$OUName
  )

  # Get all matching OUs on any level
  $OUs = Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter "Name -like '$OUName'"
  $DCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter *

$ADUsers = foreach ($OU in $OUs) {
    foreach ($dc in $DCs.HostName) {
        Get-ADUser -SearchBase $OU.DistinguishedName -Filter * -Properties lastLogonTimeStamp -Server $dc | 
            Select-Object Name,UserPrincipalName, 
                          @{Name = 'LastLogon';Expression = {[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.lastLogonTimeStamp)}},
                          @{Name = 'UserCode'; Expression = {([regex]'^([^_] )_.*').Match($_.UserPrincipalName).Groups[1].Value}}
        }
    }  }

# return the most recent LastLogon date for each user 
# (only the users with a code prefix in the UserPrincipalName)
$ADUsers | Where-Object { ![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.UserCode) } |
    Group-Object UserPrincipalName | ForEach-Object {
        [PsCustomObject]@{
            Name      = $_.Group[0].Name
            UserCode  = $_.Group[0].UserCode
            LastLogon = $_.Group.LastLogon | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
        }
    }
  ## End function

$OUcustom = Read-Host -prompt 'Enter OU here or "Clients" for all'
##Enter the OU here
Get-LastLogon -OUName $OUcustom |
##export csv
Export-Csv -path "C:\temp\UserExport_$((Get-Date).ToString("ddMM_HHmm")).csv" -NoTypeInformation
".csv extracted to C:\temp"
pause

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

只需將另一個計算屬性添加到您必須獲取用戶物件陣列的代碼中：

$ADUsers = foreach ($OU in $OUs) {
    foreach ($dc in $DCs.HostName) {
        Get-ADUser -SearchBase $OU.DistinguishedName -Filter * -Properties lastLogonTimeStamp -Server $dc | 
            Select-Object Name,UserPrincipalName, 
                          @{Name = 'LastLogon';Expression = {[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.lastLogonTimeStamp)}},
                          @{Name = 'UserCode'; Expression = {if ($_.UserPrincipalName -like '*_*@*') {($_.UserPrincipalName -split '_')[0]} else { $null }}}
                          # or use regex like:
                          # @{Name = 'UserCode'; Expression = {([regex]'^([^_] )_.*').Match($_.UserPrincipalName).Groups[1].Value}}
        }
    }

然后您可以過濾掉確實有這樣代碼的用戶：

# return the most recent LastLogon date for each user 
# (only the users with a code prefix in the UserPrincipalName)
$ADUsers | Where-Object { ![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.UserCode) } |
    Group-Object UserPrincipalName | ForEach-Object {
        [PsCustomObject]@{
            Name      = $_.Group[0].Name
            UserCode  = $_.Group[0].UserCode
            LastLogon = $_.Group.LastLogon | Sort-Object -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
        }
    }

如果您想立即排除在其 UserPrincipalName 屬性中沒有某些代碼后跟下劃線的所有用戶，您可以使用 filter 引數：

Get-ADUser -SearchBase $OU.DistinguishedName -Filter "UserPrincipalName -like '*_*@*'" -Properties lastLogonTimeStamp -Server $dc

但是，這不會讓您有機會將收集的用戶用于其他目的，例如輸出沒有前綴代碼的用戶，就像上面的代碼很容易做到的那樣。

^{PS 你知道嗎，PowerShell 還提供了一個屬性LastLogonDate，即 LDAP 屬性lastLogonTimeStamp，轉換為本地時間。}

uj5u.com熱心網友回復：

所以這實際上比我意識到的要簡單。我只需要添加：

@{N='userPrincipalName';E={$_.userPrincipalName.Split("_")[0]}}

到選擇 UserPrincipleName 的第一個和第二個塊。將在下面發布完整的作業代碼以獲取相關性。

##Check bottom of script for setting specific OU
Function Get-LastLogon {
  param(
    [string]$OUName
  )

  # Get all matching OUs on any level
  $OUs = Get-ADOrganizationalUnit -Filter "Name -like '$OUName'"
  $DCs = Get-ADDomainController -Filter *

  # Get all users from each OU from each DC
  $ADUsers = Foreach ($OU in $OUs) {
    Foreach ($DC in $DCs.HostName) {
      Get-ADUser -SearchBase $OU.DistinguishedName -Filter * -Properties LastLogon -server $dc | 
        Select-Object Name,@{N='userPrincipalName';E={$_.userPrincipalName.Split("_")[0]}}, @{n='LastLogon';e={[DateTime]::FromFileTime($_.LastLogon)}}
    }
  }

  # return most recent LastLogon date for each user
  $ADUsers | 
    Group Name,userPrincipalName | 
    Select Name,@{N='userprinciplename';E={$_.userprinciplename.Split("_")[0]}}, @{n='LastLogon';e={$_.Group.LastLogon | sort -desc | select -First 1}}
}  ## End function

$OUcustom = Read-Host -prompt 'Enter OU here or "Clients" for all'
##Enter the OU here
Get-LastLogon -OUName $OUcustom |
##export csv
Export-Csv -path "C:\temp\UserExport_$((Get-Date).ToString("ddMM_HHmm")).csv" -NoTypeInformation
".csv extracted to C:\temp"

pause

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