win10系統下vmware+ubuntu安裝+NS-3安裝

tip：本篇是NS-3安裝，vmware與ubuntu安裝請看系列其他文章，

ps：以下僅記錄了本人安裝時遇到的各類問題，僅針對ubuntu，遇到其他問題&其他型別虛擬機請參考其他文章，

前言

資訊網路建模與仿真這門課要裝……具體的我也沒學QAQ……好像這是個很nice的東西^ _ ^

操作環境：VMware Workstation 15 Pro

虛擬機發行版：ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64（64位虛擬機）

安裝教程：參考我的同系列文章

NS安裝包：直接通過linux shell獲得ns-allinone-3.32

一、安裝步驟

1.安裝ns-3依賴

命令如下（示例）：

 //缺少依賴、版本沖突什么的感覺安裝不起來就用aptitude指令試一試：sudo aptitude install 加上軟體包
//如果沒有安裝aptitude就sudo apt-get install aptitude
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ python python-dev  //這句會說需要選中python2 而非python之類的話，那么就再輸入一個命令 sudo apt-get install python2;如此類推，后面出現類似提示也這么操作
sudo apt-get install mercurial  
sudo apt-get install bzr  
sudo apt-get install gdb valgrind  
sudo apt-get install gsl-bin libgsl0-dev libgsl0ldbl    //這句在執行時出現錯誤libgsl0lbdl已經廢棄，可以由其他軟體包libgsl2取代，那么就輸入sudo apt-get install libgsl2；諸如此類，后面出現類似提示也這么操作
sudo apt-get install flex bison libfl-dev 
sudo apt-get install tcpdump  
sudo apt-get install sqlite sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev  
sudo apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev  
sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgtk2.0-dev  
sudo apt-get install vtun lxc  
sudo apt-get install uncrustify  
sudo apt-get install doxygen graphviz imagemagick  
sudo apt-get install texlive texlive-pdf texlive-latex-extra texlive-generic-extra texlive-generic-recommended     //這句在執行時出現錯誤E：無法定位軟體包texlive-pdf 把不可以定位的軟體包先刪掉，重新執行這個指令，安裝其余軟體包，
sudo apt-get install texinfo dia texlive texlive-pdf texlive-latex-extra texlive-extra-utils texlive-generic-recommended texi2html       
sudo apt-get install python-sphinx dia        
sudo apt-get install python-pygraphviz python-kiwi python-pygoocanvas libgoocanvas-dev  //這里可能也會報錯無法定位軟體包blablabla看下面解決辦法
sudo apt-get install qt4-qmake   //如果這一步不行 可以改成sudo apt-get install qt5-default
sudo apt-get install qt4-dev-tools //這個是后邊NetAnim仿真界面需要依賴的軟體包
sudo apt-get install libboost-signals-dev libboost-filesystem-dev
sudo apt-get install openmpi-bin openmpi-doc libopenmpi-dev
sudo apt-get install cmake libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libclang-dev llvm-dev automake

總結出現問題解決方案

• [1] 缺少依賴、版本沖突什么的安裝不了

用aptitude指令試一試：

sudo aptitude install 加上軟體包名稱

• [2] 沒有安裝aptitude

sudo apt-get install aptitude

• [3] 需要選中python2 而非python之類：

那么就再輸入一個命令 sudo apt-get install python2;如此類推，后面出現類似提示也這么操作

• [4] 執行時出現錯誤E：無法定位軟體包texlive-pdf

把不可以定位的軟體包先刪掉，重新執行原來指令-無法定位的軟體包名稱，安裝其余軟體包，

• [5] 執行時出現錯誤libgsl0lbdl已經廢棄，可以由其他軟體包libgsl2取代

那么就輸入sudo apt-get install libgsl2；諸如此類，出現類似提示也這么操作

• [6] E:無法定位軟體包 python-pygoocanvas E: 無法定位軟體包 libgoocanvas-dev

ps：這個加了之后能解決很多無法定位軟體包的問題
step1 安裝vim

sudo apt-get install vim

step2 編輯軟體源檔案sources.list

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

step3 添加源
在sources.list檔案末尾添加

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

step4 保存退出

:wq

step5 更新軟體源

sudo apt-get update

step6 重新安裝

sudo apt-get install ……

評論區有同學建議使用清華鏡像源，對于沒有科學上網的朋友的網速會很友好，所以給出使用清華鏡像源的方式，請參考我的其他博客，

2.下載NS-3安裝包

參考官網：

This option is for the new user who wishes to download and experiment
with the most recently released and packaged version of ns-3. ns-3
publishes its releases as compressed source archives, sometimes
referred to as a tarball. A tarball is a particular format of software
archive where multiple files are bundled together and the archive is
usually compressed. The process for downloading ns-3 via tarball is
simple; you just have to pick a release, download it and uncompress
it.

Let’s assume that you, as a user, wish to build ns-3 in a local
directory called workspace. If you adopt the workspace directory
approach, you can get a copy of a release by typing the following into
your Linux shell (substitute the appropriate version numbers, of
course)

$ cd
$ mkdir workspace
$ cd workspace
$ wget https://www.nsnam.org/release/ns-allinone-3.32.tar.bz2
$ tar xjf ns-allinone-3.32.tar.bz2

評論區給的建議：安裝在/opt/nsnam目錄下面，這樣方便日后洗掉
如果你和我一樣這個虛擬機只是單純為了跑這一個軟體交作業……那就當上面沒說Orz

Notice the use above of the wget utility, which is a command-line tool
to fetch objects from the web; if you do not have this installed, you
can use a browser for this step.

Following these steps, if you change into the directory
ns-allinone-3.32, you should see a number of files and directories

$ cd ns-allinone-3.32
$ ls
bake      constants.py   ns-3.32                README
build.py  netanim-3.108  pybindgen-0.21.0       util.py

到這里ns-3發行版構建的準備作業就完成了

3.構建ns-

前面使用tarball下載，則進入、workspace/ns-allinone-3.32/ns-3.32這個目錄下面，輸入

$ ./build.py --enable-examples --enable-tests

等待一會……
如果沒有問題的話，最終應該看到以下以下資訊：

Waf: Leaving directory '/path/to/workspace/ns-allinone-3.32/ns-3.32/build'
'build' finished successfully (6m25.032s)

Modules built:
antenna                aodv                      applications
bridge                 buildings                 config-store
core                   csma                      csma-layout
dsdv                   dsr                       energy
fd-net-device          flow-monitor              internet
internet-apps          lr-wpan                   lte
mesh                   mobility                  mpi
netanim (no Python)    network                   nix-vector-routing
olsr                   point-to-point            point-to-point-layout
propagation            sixlowpan                 spectrum
stats                  tap-bridge                test (no Python)
topology-read          traffic-control           uan
virtual-net-device     visualizer                wave
wifi                   wimax

Modules not built (see ns-3 tutorial for explanation):
brite                  click                     openflow

Leaving directory ./ns-3.32

關于未構建模塊的部分

Modules not built (see ns-3 tutorial for explanation):
brite                     click

官網解釋如下：

This just means that some ns-3 modules that have dependencies on
outside libraries may not have been built, or that the configuration
specifically asked not to build them. It does not mean that the
simulator did not build successfully or that it will provide wrong
results for the modules listed as being built.
簡單來說，就是沒什么影響，并不意味著無法成功構建，

ok，繼續跟著官網走，用waf構建

到目前為止，我們已經使用build.py腳本或
bake工具開始構建ns-3，這些工具對于構建ns-3和支持庫很有用，它們呼叫ns-3目錄來呼叫Waf構建工具進行實際構建，Waf的安裝與ns-3源代碼捆綁在一起，大多數用戶迅速過渡到直接使用Waf來配置和構建ns-3，因此，要繼續，請將您的作業目錄更改為最初構建的ns-3目錄，

這不是嚴格要求的，但是稍微繞道并了解如何對專案的配置進行更改將非常有價值，您可能要做的最有用的配置更改是構建代碼的優化版本，默認情況下，您已經配置了專案以構建除錯版本，讓我們告訴專案進行優化的構建，為了向Waf解釋它應該進行包括示例和測驗的優化構建，您將需要執行以下命令：

$ ./waf clean
$ ./waf configure --build-profile=optimized --enable-examples --enable-tests

等待一會后，能看見類似以下內容的輸出：

Setting top to                           : /home/ns3user/workspace/bake/source/ns-3-dev
Setting out to                           : /home/ns3user/workspace/bake/source/ns-3-dev/build
Checking for 'gcc' (C compiler)          : /usr/bin/gcc
Checking for cc version                  : 7.3.0
Checking for 'g++' (C++ compiler)        : /usr/bin/g++
Checking for compilation flag -march=native support : ok
Checking for compilation flag -Wl,--soname=foo support : ok
Checking for compilation flag -std=c++11 support       : ok
Checking boost includes                                : headers not found, please provide a --boost-includes argument (see help)
Checking boost includes                                : headers not found, please provide a --boost-includes argument (see help)
Checking for program 'python'                          : /usr/bin/python
Checking for python version >= 2.3                     : 2.7.15
python-config                                          : /usr/bin/python-config
Asking python-config for pyembed '--cflags --libs --ldflags' flags : yes
Testing pyembed configuration                                      : yes
Asking python-config for pyext '--cflags --libs --ldflags' flags   : yes
Testing pyext configuration                                        : yes
Checking for compilation flag -fvisibility=hidden support          : ok
Checking for compilation flag -Wno-array-bounds support            : ok
Checking for pybindgen location                                    : ../pybindgen (guessed)
Checking for python module 'pybindgen'                             : 0.21.0
Checking for pybindgen version                                     : 0.21.0
Checking for code snippet                                          : yes
Checking for types uint64_t and unsigned long equivalence          : no
Checking for code snippet                                          : no
Checking for types uint64_t and unsigned long long equivalence     : yes
Checking for the apidefs that can be used for Python bindings      : gcc-LP64
Checking for internal GCC cxxabi                                   : complete
Checking for python module 'pygccxml'                              : not found
Checking for click location                                        : not found
Checking for program 'pkg-config'                                  : /usr/bin/pkg-config
Checking for 'gtk+-3.0'                                            : not found
Checking for 'libxml-2.0'                                          : yes
checking for uint128_t                                             : not found
checking for __uint128_t                                           : yes
Checking high precision implementation                             : 128-bit integer (default)
Checking for header stdint.h                                       : yes
Checking for header inttypes.h                                     : yes
Checking for header sys/inttypes.h                                 : not found
Checking for header sys/types.h                                    : yes
Checking for header sys/stat.h                                     : yes
Checking for header dirent.h                                       : yes
Checking for header stdlib.h                                       : yes
Checking for header signal.h                                       : yes
Checking for header pthread.h                                      : yes
Checking for header stdint.h                                       : yes
Checking for header inttypes.h                                     : yes
Checking for header sys/inttypes.h                                 : not found
Checking for library rt                                            : yes
Checking for header sys/ioctl.h                                    : yes
Checking for header net/if.h                                       : yes
Checking for header net/ethernet.h                                 : yes
Checking for header linux/if_tun.h                                 : yes
Checking for header netpacket/packet.h                             : yes
Checking for NSC location                                          : not found
Checking for 'sqlite3'                                             : not found
Checking for header linux/if_tun.h                                 : yes
Checking for python module 'gi'                                    : 3.26.1
Checking for python module 'gi.repository.GObject'                 : ok
Checking for python module 'cairo'                                 : ok
Checking for python module 'pygraphviz'                            : 1.4rc1
Checking for python module 'gi.repository.Gtk'                     : ok
Checking for python module 'gi.repository.Gdk'                     : ok
Checking for python module 'gi.repository.Pango'                   : ok
Checking for python module 'gi.repository.GooCanvas'               : ok
Checking for program 'sudo'                                        : /usr/bin/sudo
Checking for program 'valgrind'                                    : not found
Checking for 'gsl'                                                 : not found
python-config                                                      : not found
Checking for compilation flag -fstrict-aliasing support            : ok
Checking for compilation flag -fstrict-aliasing support            : ok
Checking for compilation flag -Wstrict-aliasing support            : ok
Checking for compilation flag -Wstrict-aliasing support            : ok
Checking for program 'doxygen'                                     : /usr/bin/doxygen
---- Summary of optional NS-3 features:
Build profile                 : optimized
Build directory               :
BRITE Integration             : not enabled (BRITE not enabled (see option --with-brite))
DES Metrics event collection  : not enabled (defaults to disabled)
Emulation FdNetDevice         : enabled
Examples                      : enabled
File descriptor NetDevice     : enabled
GNU Scientific Library (GSL)  : not enabled (GSL not found)
Gcrypt library                : not enabled (libgcrypt not found: you can use libgcrypt-config to find its location.)
GtkConfigStore                : not enabled (library 'gtk+-3.0 >= 3.0' not found)
MPI Support                   : not enabled (option --enable-mpi not selected)
NS-3 Click Integration        : not enabled (nsclick not enabled (see option --with-nsclick))
NS-3 OpenFlow Integration     : not enabled (Required boost libraries not found)
Network Simulation Cradle     : not enabled (NSC not found (see option --with-nsc))
PlanetLab FdNetDevice         : not enabled (PlanetLab operating system not detected (see option --force-planetlab))
PyViz visualizer              : enabled
Python API Scanning Support   : not enabled (Missing 'pygccxml' Python module)
Python Bindings               : enabled
Real Time Simulator           : enabled
SQlite stats data output      : not enabled (library 'sqlite3' not found)
Tap Bridge                    : enabled
Tap FdNetDevice               : enabled
Tests                         : enabled
Threading Primitives          : enabled
Use sudo to set suid bit      : not enabled (option --enable-sudo not selected)
XmlIo                         : enabled
'configure' finished successfully (6.387s)

4.測驗ns-

運行./test.py 來運行ns-3的測驗代碼，如果權限不夠，就改為sudo ./test.py
稍等片刻，應該能看到如下內容：

Waf: Entering directory `/path/to/workspace/ns-3-allinone/ns-3-dev/build'
Waf: Leaving directory `/path/to/workspace/ns-3-allinone/ns-3-dev/build'
'build' finished successfully (1.799s)

Modules built:
aodv                      applications              bridge
click                     config-store              core
csma                      csma-layout               dsdv
emu                       energy                    flow-monitor
internet                  lte                       mesh
mobility                  mpi                       netanim
network                   nix-vector-routing        ns3tcp
ns3wifi                   olsr                      openflow
point-to-point            point-to-point-layout     propagation
spectrum                  stats                     tap-bridge
template                  test                      tools
topology-read             uan                       virtual-net-device
visualizer                wifi                      wimax

PASS: TestSuite wifi-interference
PASS: TestSuite histogram

...

PASS: TestSuite object
PASS: TestSuite random-number-generators
92 of 92 tests passed (92 passed, 0 failed, 0 crashed, 0 valgrind errors)

接下來，常規操作helloworld來一下，

$ ./waf --run hello-simulator

獲得結果：

完成撒花~???