標簽（空格分隔）： 經濟學人

2020/2/20

Part 1

Japan’s state-owned version of Tinder

Local authorities are setting up matchmaking websites to pair their residents with lonely-hearts in the cities

日本官方版 Tinder
政府當局創辦相親網站，為當地居民牽線搭橋

• state-owned adj.國有的

state-owned firms 指國有公司

state-owned media 指官方媒體

-owned這個后綴的含義是“屬于…的”，“歸…所有的”，可以與名詞、形容詞、副詞連用，比如state-owned companies 國有公司Japanese-owned hotels日資酒店privately-owned companies 私有公司

• version n.版本

a local version of…=the Chinese version of…在對外介紹中國的事物時，可以將其與外國家喻戶曉的對應物聯系起來，這樣的表達會讓外國朋友更能理解你所說的內容，

【類似表達】A, which is the equivalent of…

Every day, I share my notes on Weibo, which is the Chinese equivalent of Twitter.

equivalent n. [??kw?v?l?nt] a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else 相等的東西；等量；對應詞

• matchmaking websites 相親網站

matchmaking n.作媒

matchmaker n.紅娘，媒人

• pair v. 使成對；配對

pair up (with sb) | pair sb up (with sb)to come together or to bring two people together to work, play a game, etc.（使兩人）結組作業（或游戲等）They asked us to pair up with the person next to us and form teams. 他們讓我們與身邊的人配對組成小組，

【類似表達】team up (with sb) | team sb / sth up (with sb) If you team up with someone, you join them in order to work together for a particular purpose. You can also say that two people or groups team up . （與…）組隊；（與…）協作

Elton teamed up with Eric Clapton to wow thousands at a Wembley rock concert.埃爾頓和埃里克·克拉普頓在溫布利舉行的一場搖滾音樂會上聯袂演出，征服了數千位聽眾，

• someone with lonely-hearts 孤獨的人，單身的人
• residents n. 居民

Part 2

Even after years of attending match-making parties, a professional in Tokyo explains, she has not found any suitable marriage prospects. “I’m tired of going to these events and not meeting anyone,” she gripes.

So she has decided to expand her pool of prospective partners by looking for love outside the capital. To that end she has filled out an online profile detailing her name, job, hobbies and even weight on a match-making site that pairs up single urbanites with people from rural areas.

東京一名職場人士表示，雖然參加了多年的相親會，但她仍然沒有找到合適的結婚物件，她抱怨道：“我對參加這些活動感到厭倦了，卻沒有遇見一個合適的人，”
因此，她決定將她尋找伴侶的范圍擴大到首都之外，為此，她在一個為城市和農村的單身人士配對的婚配網站上填寫了一份個人資料，詳細描述了自己的姓名、作業、愛好，甚至體重，

• gripe v. [gra?p] ~ (about sb/sth) (informal) to complain about sb/sth in an annoying way 抱怨；發牢騷

He's always griping about the people at work.他老是抱怨共事的人，

• expand pool of 擴大…的范圍

【長難句決議】To that end /she has filled out an online profile /detailing her name, job, hobbies and even weight on a match-making site/ that pairs up single urbanites /with people from rural areas. 為此，她在一個為城市和農村的單身人士配對的婚配網站上填寫了一份個人資料，詳細描述了自己的姓名、作業、愛好，甚至體重，
*句子主干是：she主語+ has filled out 謂語+an online profile賓語

*online profile detailing A, B, C and D這句是現在分詞做后置定語，還原為online profile (which is)detailing A, B, C and D

*a match-making site that pairs up single urbanites with people from rural areas這里是that引導的定語從句，先行詞a match-making site再從句中做主語，

• To that end 為此

• filled out 填寫

• profile n. 簡歷，概述

• prospective adj. 預期的; 未來的; 可能的

• urbanites n. 都市人

• rural adj. 農村的

Part 3

Match-making services that promote iju konkatsu, meaning “migration spouse-hunting”, are increasingly common in Japan. They are typically operated by an unlikely marriage-broker: local governments.

In Akita, a prefecture near the northern tip of Japan’s main island, the local government has long managed an online match-making service to link up local lonely-hearts. It claims to have successfully coupled up more than 1,350 Akita residents since it launched nine years ago.

在日本，越來越多的婚介服務機構開始推廣 iju konkatsu（意為“尋求移民配偶”）了，它們通常是由一個不太可能的媒人來經營的：地方政府，
在靠近日本主島北端的秋田縣，當地政府長期以來一直經營著一項在線婚介服務，為當地的單身人士牽線搭橋，據稱，自9年前啟動以來，這項服務已經成功為1350多名秋田縣居民搭橋牽線了，

• marriage-broker媒人

• prefecture 地方行政區域；省；縣

• link up連接；接合

They linked up with a series of local anti-nuclear and anti-apartheid groups... 他們加入了一系列當地的反核和反種族隔離團體，

這里的link up與前文的pair 和下一句的couple up作同義替換

• spouse n. 配偶, 夫或妻

• operated v. 操作（operate的過去式和過去分詞）

Part 4

It recently began offering a similar service to introduce residents to people living outside the prefecture and is optimistic about its prospects. “By using the konkatsu site, we hope that more people from outside will marry someone from Akita to come and live here,” says Rumiko Saito of the Akita Marriage Support Centre.

Along with online matching services, municipalities across Japan host parties to help singles mingle. They also organise subsidised group tours in rural prefectures, in which half the participants are locals and the other half from cities, to encourage urbanites to marry and move to the countryside. Hundreds of singletons participate in these tours every year.

最近，秋田縣又推出了一項類似的服務，將該縣居民介紹給外地人，并且其對這項服務的前景表示樂觀，秋田縣婚姻支持中心的齋藤美子說：“我們希望通過 konkatsu 網站可以讓更多外地人嫁到秋田縣來，并在這里生活，”
除了提供在線配對服務外，日本各地的市政當局還會舉辦派對來幫助單身人士進行社交，他們還在農村地區組織有補貼的團體旅游（其中一半是當地人，另一半是城里人），以鼓勵城里人與農村人結婚并搬到農村去，每年都有成百上千的單身人士參加這些活動，

• be optimistic about prospects 前景很樂觀

• along with sb / sth in addition to sb / sth; in the same way as sb / sth 除…以外（還）；與…同樣地

She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others. 工廠倒閉時，她和成百上千的其他人一樣失去了作業，

【類似表達】together with sth / sb

1. in addition to something else 和某物/某人一起，連同某物/某人 Just bring it back to the store, together with your receipt.把它連同收據一起拿回店里來就行了，

2.used to mention someone else who is also involved in an activity or situation包括某人在內 He, together with Bill Dunn, decided to climb out of the canyon.他和比爾·鄧恩決定一起爬出峽谷，

couple sth with sth[usually passive]to link one thing, situation, etc. to another（某物）加上（某物）；把…與…連接起來 Lack of rain coupled with high temperatures caused the crops to fail.雨水少加上高溫導致農作物歉收，

【區分】 alongside sth used to say that people or things do something or exist together at the same time（與…）一起;（與…）同時

Charles spent a week working alongside the miners.查爾斯花了一周時間與礦工一起干活，

Organized crime continued to flourish alongside the mainstream economy.隨著主流經濟的發展，集團犯罪越來越猖獗，（注意alongside是介詞）

• host parties 舉辦派對

host常見作名詞意為“主人，主辦國”，這里作動詞“主辦，做東”Germany hosted the World Cup finals.德國主辦了世界杯決賽，

• mingle v.to move among people and talk to them, especially at a social event （尤指在社交場所）相交往，混雜其中（尤指在社交場所）相交往，混雜其中

The princess was not recognized and mingled freely with the crowds.公主沒有人認出，隨意混雜在人群之中，

If you'll excuse me, I must go and mingle (= talk to other guests) .對不起，我得去和其他客人聊聊，

• subsidise [?s?bs??da?z]v. 補貼，資助

These barriers include low public awareness, ineffective political frameworks and governments continuing to subsidise conventional energy sources.這些障礙包括公共意識、無效的政治框架和政府繼續資助傳統能源，

【派生詞】subsidy n. 補助金

【近型詞辨析】subside v.if a feeling, pain, sound etc subsides, it gradually becomes less and then stop〔感情、痛苦、聲音等〕逐漸減弱；平靜下來，平息

Simon waited until the laughter subsided. 西蒙一直等到笑聲平息下來，

The pains in his head had subsided, but he still felt dizzy and sick. 他的頭痛已經減輕，但仍感到眩暈和惡心，

• urbanite[???b?na?t] n. [C] 城市居民

【詞根詞綴】詞根urb (= city) 構成了許多英語單詞，如：

urban[???b?n] adj.城市的；都市的；城鎮的

urbane[???be?n] adj.符合城里人身份的，即“溫文爾雅的；彬彬有禮的”

suburb n.郊區sub- (靠近) + urb靠近城市的地方

• singleton [?s??glt?n] 指“單身狗”(A singleton is someone who is neither married nor in a long-term relationship)

• prefecture n. 縣；管區，轄區；地方官的任期

• municipalities n. 自治市; 自治區; 自治市或區的政府當局

Part 5

The difficulty of finding true love in the countryside is compounded by a gender mismatch. In 80% of prefectures with declining populations, young women are more likely than men to relocate to cities.

This means that whereas there are more single women than men in big cities like Tokyo, bachelors outnumber spinsters in rural areas. Many men in the countryside are “left behind”, laments a government official in Akita.

性別比失調使得在農村想要找到真愛變得更難了，在人口下降了80％的縣，年輕女性比男性更有可能遷往城市，
這意味著，在東京這樣的大城市里，單身女性比男性多，而在農村地區，單身男性則多于女性，秋田市的一位政府官員感嘆道，農村的許多男人都成了“剩男”，

• bachelor n. 未婚男子；單身漢

an eligible bachelor (= one that many people want to marry, especially because he is rich)合意單身男子（常因富有而為理想物件）

bachelor另一個常見義為“學士”

大學里的學位分為初、中、高三個等級，

初級學位即學士學位Bachelor’s degree，獲得學士學位的人被稱為Bachelor，

中級學位是碩士學位，即Master’s degree, 獲得碩士學位的人被稱為Master，如工商管理學碩士MBA (=Master of Business Administration)，

大學里的最高一級學位是博士學位，即doctorate，獲得博士學位的人被稱為Doctor，注意，doctorate是指博士學位，而不是指拿到博士學位的人，如：Tom received his doctorate last month, so he is a Doctor now.

但是PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) 既可以指博士學位，又可以指拿到博士學位的人，如：Tom is a PhD / has a PhD. 博士后 (Postdoctoral researcher) 不是學位名稱，而是指那些在取得博士學位之后在大學或科研機構中有限期地專門從事相關研究或深造的人，

• outnumber v.數量上壓倒，超過

【類似表達】outperform由out(超過)和perform(表現)合成，outperform sb / sth即“超過…的表現”

前綴out-表示“超過”，常和動詞或名詞一起構成新的動詞，比如outlive比...活得長/outplay戰勝，擊敗/outpace比...快

• spinster n.老處女；老姑娘. There's nothing shameful in being a spinster. 當老處女也沒什么丟人的，

• left behind 剩男剩女，leave behind本是動詞詞組“落下”，那么“被落下的人”也就是“剩男剩女”

• lament [l??ment] 指“悲痛，哀悼；悲嘆”(to express feelings of great sadness about something)，與celebrate相對應，

lament作名詞指“挽歌，哀悼，悼詞”，lament作動詞還可指“抱怨”(to express annoyance or disappointment about something you think is unsatisfactory or unfair)，相當于bemoan sth，complain about sth，moan and groan about sth，

比如《經濟學人》一篇談中國直播網紅的文章提到一個主播的抱怨：Mr Zhao laments that to boost his earnings, he has to tell more dirty jokes.

而形容詞lamentable指“令人扼腕的；令人噓唏的；使人惋惜的”(very unsatisfactory or disappointing)

• be compounded by 由于……而惡化

• relocate vt. 重新安置；遷移

• laments vi. 悲嘆；悔恨；哀悼

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