每日一句

標簽（空格分隔）：考研英語

>2020/2/18 #DAY 1 Most researchers reported having pride in their institutions and passion for their work, but spoke of the high personal toll of their environment. Many accepted that pressure and long hours came with the territory. But researchers said that the situation was worsening and that the negative aspects were no longer offset by job security and the ability to work autonomously, flexibly and creatively.

PART 1

Most researchers reported having pride in their institutions and passion for their work, but spoke of the high personal toll of their environment.

詞匯：toll：損失，傷害

決議：
Most researchers 主語 reported（謂語動詞） having pride in their institutions and passion for their work,（賓語） but spoke of（謂語動詞） the high personal toll of their environment.（賓語）

參考譯文：大多數研究人員表示對所屬機構感到自豪，并對作業充滿熱情，但也談及了所處環境造成的巨大個人傷害，

PART 2

Many accepted that pressure and long hours came with the territory.

詞匯：

territory：地盤, 領域, 范圍

go with the territory成為必然的部分

決議：
Many（主語） accepted（謂語動詞） that pressure and long hours came with the territory.（賓語從句）

參考譯文：
許多人接受這個領域的壓力和加班的作業時間，
所以 C.Most researchers have regular working hours.不對
long hours 就是指加班，所以不是規律的（regular）

PART 3

But researchers said that the situation was worsening and that the negative aspects were no longer offset by job security and the ability to work autonomously, flexibly and creatively.

詞匯突破：
offset：抵消，消解 = cancel out

決議：
But researchers said that （the situation was worsening賓語從句一）and that （the negative aspects were no longer offset by job security and the ability 狀語to work autonomously, flexibly and creatively定語修飾ability）賓語從句二）.

參考譯文：但他們說，情況正在惡化，而且這些消極面不再被職業穩定和自主、靈活及創造性作業的能力所抵消，

所以答案是：B.Job security cannot cancel out adverse aspects.
（職業的穩定不能抵消有害方面）
（你是不是不認識adverse有害的）

A.Most researchers are substantially underpaid. 
很多研究者收入非常低，（underpaid=收入不高）
文章沒有提到，可以排除，

D.Scientists were no longer respected by the public.
科學家不再被公眾尊敬，
文章沒有提到，可以排除，

2020/2/19

Day 2

Consider how life-enhancing — and even life-saving — technologies have failed to be taken up. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ is more a social phenomenon than a technical one, and the main cause of measles return. Solutions depend not on medical breakthroughs, but on insight from anthropologists, who have done much to understand people’s decisions about whether to vaccinate themselves and their children.

Part 1

Consider how life-enhancing — and even life-saving — technologies have failed to be taken up.

詞匯：
take up 吸取, 接納

決議:
Consider （動詞）how life-enhancing — and even life-saving — technologies have failed to be taken up（賓語從句）.
參考譯文：
想想那些能改善生活甚至挽救生命的技術是怎樣不被采用的，

Part 2

‘Vaccine hesitancy’ is more a social phenomenon than a technical one, and the main cause of measles return.

詞匯：
measles n. 麻疹

決議：
‘Vaccine hesitancy’ is more a social phenomenon than a technical one（表語并列成分1和2）, and the main cause of measles return（并列成分3）.
（more A than B ；是A，而不是B= 與其說是B，不如說是A）

參考譯文：
“疫苗猶豫”與其說是一種技術現象，不如說更是一種社會現象，也是麻疹死灰復燃的主要原因，

Part 3

Solutions depend not on medical breakthroughs, but on insight from anthropologists, who have done much to understand people’s decisions about whether to vaccinate themselves and their children.

詞匯：

Anthropologists 人類學家（不認識這個詞吧，這是一個大綱詞匯，他們就是社會而科學研究者=Social science researchers）

vaccinate （動詞：接種疫苗）名詞形式=vaccination

insight 洞見

決議：
Solutions depend not on medical breakthroughs,（賓語1） but on insight from anthropologists（賓語2）, who have done much to understand people’s decisions about whether to vaccinate themselves and their children.（定語從句）

參考譯文：
解決方案不取決于醫學突破，而是人類學家們的洞見，他們為理解人們是否給自己和孩子接種疫苗的決定做了許多作業，

所以A. the efforts of social science researchers（社會科學研究者的努力）
這是正確選項，而且大家體會一下effort這個單詞，非常模糊，一看就具備正確選項的氣質，
出題人非常喜歡用這個詞來替換原文中具體的詞匯，
比如：I read three books= I make the efforts.
B. the novel medical achievements  
作者明確說了不靠醫學突破，所以不對，
C. the insight and belief of the public 
民眾的洞見和信仰，
文章沒有提及，所以不對，
D. the effects of vaccination.  
作者不認為取決于醫學的突破，所以不選這個和醫學相關的選項，

2020/2/20

Day 3

In a 2018 survey by Internet Retailer, shipping charges were cited as the most common reason shoppers abandon their carts, topping the complaint list for nearly a third of respondents, ahead of things like not wanting to create an account and being unsure of the store’s return policy.

part 1

詞匯：

charges n. 費用；手續費；運費

be cited as 被視為是

account n. 賬, 賬戶

決議：
In a 2018 survey by Internet Retailer（狀語）, shipping charges were cited as the most common reason（主干） shoppers abandon their carts（定語）, topping the complaint list for nearly a third of respondents, 定語做插入語/ahead of things like （not wanting to create an account列舉1） and being unsure of the store’s return policy（列舉2）.(定語）

參考譯文：
在《互聯網零售指南》2018年的一項調查中，運費被視為購物者清空購物車的最常見原因，近三分之一的受訪者將其列為最不受歡迎清單之首，排在不想創建賬戶和不確定商家的退貨政策之前，

題目決議：
According to the text, the foremost reason for shoppers to abandon carts is ____
根據文章，購物者放棄購物車的首要原因是___
 (A) the uncertainty of store’s return policy
（A）店鋪退貨政策不確定
不是首要原因
 (B) the inconvenience of creating an account
（B）開設戶口的不便
不是首要原因
 (C) the survey by the magazine of Internet Retailer 
（C）互聯網零售商雜志的調查
不是原因
 (D) the policy of shipping charges
（D）運費政策
這篇文章排在首要原因，雖然前面修飾語是the most common，但確實比其他幾個原因排行前，正確！
文章來源和背景：
Stopping Believing in Free Shipping
別再相信免運費

2020/2/21

Day 4

The recently published Build Yourself Happy: The Joy of Lego Play promises that getting hands-on can improve your cognitive skills and allow you to practise mindfulness. For many, it is a reaction to the stresses of modern adult life, a relief from the constant mediation of experience through a screen, and a rare opportunity to be in undisputed charge of things.

Part 1

The recently published Build Yourself Happy: The Joy of Lego Play promises that getting hands-on can improve your cognitive skills and allow you to practise mindfulness.

詞匯：

cognitive adj. 認知的, 認識能力的

決議：
The recently published Build Yourself Happy: The Joy of Lego Play （主語）promises （動詞）that getting hands-on can improve your cognitive skills and allow you to practise mindfulness.（賓語從句，動詞并列）

參考譯文：
最近出版的《構建快樂：樂高游戲的喜悅》中允諾，動手能提高認知能力，并讓人練習專注力，

Part 2

For many, it is a reaction to the stresses of modern adult life, a relief from the constant mediation of experience through a screen, and a rare opportunity to be in undisputed charge of things.

詞匯：

mediation n. 調停, 調解, 游離

undisputed adj. 無可置疑的;毫無疑問的

charge n. 費用；掌管；控告；負載；電荷；命令

indispensable adj. 必不可少的, 必需的;n. 不可缺少之物

dubious adj. 半信半疑的, 可疑的;不可靠的, 冒風險的

constant adj. 始終如一的, 恒久不變的；不斷的, 連續發生的

決議：
For many, （狀語）it is a reaction to the stresses of modern adult life,a relief from the constant mediation of experience through a screen, and a rare opportunity to be in undisputed charge of things（斜體的是并串列語，粗體的是定語）.

參考譯文：
對于許多人來說，這是對現代成人生活壓力的一種應對，對于不斷游離于螢屏之間的體驗而言是一種解脫，是一種能無爭議地把握所有的難得機會，

決議：stressful的意思是“緊張的，壓力大的”，文中說成人玩樂高可解壓，不選A，而且也不能說作者的態度是有壓力的，indispensable意為“不可取代的”，文中并沒有提到，且說樂高不可取代語氣過重了，不選B，dubious意為“可疑的，曖昧的”，但文中顯示對樂高持支持態度，故也不選D，supportive意為“支持的”，符合文意，正常答案是C，

Day 5

In theory, the U.S. patent system, which gives manufacturers sole rights to a drug formulation for 20 years, should eventually enable other drug producers to bring cheaper versions of the same medication to the market. But companies skirt this by “evergreening” their drugs—adjusting drug formulas slightly, often making gradual improvements, to renew the patent and prevent generics (仿制藥) from entering the market.

Part 1

詞匯突破：

Sole: 獨自，獨占

theory:n. 理論；原理；學說；推測

patent:vt. 取得…的專利權；授予專利;adj. 專利的；新奇的；顯然的

manufacturers n. 制造商, 制造廠

sole adj. 唯一的；單獨的；僅有的

formulation n. (藥品、化妝品等的) 配方

inadequacy n. 不充分, 不足, 不勝任;毛病, 缺陷, 弱點

句子決議：
In theory（狀語）,the U.S. patent system（主語）, which gives manufacturers sole rights to a drug formulation for 20 years（定語從句）, should eventually enable（動詞） other drug producers （賓語）to bring cheaper versions of the same medication to the market（賓補）.

參考譯文：從理論上講，美國專利制度給予制造商對藥物制劑的獨占權利為20年；這將最終允許其他藥商向市場推出低價的同類藥物，

Part 2

But companies skirt this by “evergreening” their drugs—adjusting drug formulas slightly, often making gradual improvements, to renew the patent and prevent generics (仿制藥) from entering the market.

詞匯：
Skirt: 繞開，規避

句子決議：
But companies skirt this （主干）by “evergreening” their drugs（狀語）—adjusting drug formulas slightly, often making gradual improvements, （解釋什么叫“evergreening” their drugs）to renew the patent and prevent generics from ever entering the market.

參考譯文：
但公司通過“專利常青樹”的做法規避這一點——略微調整藥物配方，頻繁漸進式修改，從而更新專利，阻止仿制藥進入市場，

思考題決議：
The practice of “evergreening” their drugs shows _____
專利常青樹的做法表明了
A.the inadequacy of U.S. patent system. 
美國專利制度的不足
看句子解釋，
正確答案！
B.the ineffectiveness of generics.
仿制藥無效，
（當然不對）
C.the fierce competition of drug market.
（藥品市場競爭激烈）
沒說！文中沒有依據！別加戲！
D.the lower price of patented drugs.
專利藥更低的價格，
沒說！而且應該是專利藥價格會更貴，

Day 6

Much has been written about the trash problem created by the billions of disposable plastic drinking-water bottles sold each year in the U.S. Far less is understood about the contents of those bottles. Bottled water was an $18.5 billion (wholesale) industry in the U.S. in 2017, but under Presidents of both parties, FDA oversight has been lightly staffed.

思考題：
What is the most probable topic of this text?
A.Trash disposal problems.
B.Federal agency reform.
C.Safety of bottled water.
D.Infrastructure improvement.

Part 1

Much has been written about the trash problem created by the billions of disposable plastic drinking-water bottles sold each year in the U.S.

詞匯突破：

disposable adj. 一次使用后即丟掉的, 一次性的

句子決議:
Much has been written（主干） about the trash problem(定語一修飾much)/ created by the billions of disposable plastic drinking-water bottles (定語修飾problem）/sold each year in the U.S(定語修飾bottles).

參考譯文：美國每年銷售數十億個一次性塑料飲用水瓶，很多人都寫過它們造成的垃圾問題，(翻譯的時候注意切分和調序）

Part 2

Far less is understood about the contents of those bottles.

句子決議:
Far less is understood （主干）about the contents of those bottles（定語修飾far less ）.

注意：much 和less 都有名詞詞性

比如：Much can been done. （很多事可以做）
注意第一句和第二句之間雖然沒有轉折連詞，
但你對比一下兩句的開頭:
Much has been written
Far less is understood
夠成很強烈的轉折對比，
所以第一句是引入，第二句才是文章主題，
The contents of those bottles= the water in those bottles
這樣最有可能談論的就是：Safety of bottled water了.

參考譯文：
但人們對瓶中水的了解卻遠遠不夠，

Part 3

Bottled water was an $18.5 billion (wholesale) industry in the U.S. in 2017, but under Presidents of both parties, FDA oversight has been lightly staffed.

詞匯突破：

lightly staffed 人員配備不足

Over-staffed=overmanned 人員過剩
（staff：員工，人員，動詞就是配備員工，成為員工）

both parties：共和黨還是民主黨

FDA=美國食品和藥物管理局

oversight 監督

Infrastructure n. 基礎設施; 基礎結構

句子決議：
Bottled water was an $18.5 billion (wholesale) industry in the U.S. in 2017, but under Presidents of both parties, FDA oversight has been lightly staffed.
（第三句是為了支撐第二句，說明瓶中水確實受關注不夠）

參考譯文：
2017年，美國瓶裝水是一個總價185億美元的行業，但不管是在共和黨還是民主黨總統的麾下，食品和藥物管理局的監督，人員配備不足，

思考題決議：
A.Trash disposal problems.（垃圾處理問題）
雖然句子開始提到了瓶裝水的塑料污染問題，但作者的意思是這個問題已經關注頗多，可另一個問題卻忽略了，轉折的重心在后一個問題——瓶中水的質量，所以不選，
B.Federal agency reform.（聯邦機構改革）
句子是提到了監管人員不夠的問題，但只是為了說明瓶中水的質量并不可靠，所以機構改革不是文章的中心議題，故不選，
C.Safety of bottled water.（瓶裝水的安全）
作者主要關注的是contents of those bottles，即瓶中水的質量，和選項意思相近，故C為正確答案，（當然有同學會說，不一定是安全吧）不是安全那是什么呢？而且這個也是最接近的選項了，題干中有probable, 這就是出題的老江湖了，
D.Infrastructure improvement.（基礎設施的完善）
文中沒有提到，不選此項，

Day 7

While it makes sense to be worried about the climate emergency, becoming overwhelmed is counterproductive. The sound advice from psychologists that actions, however small, can help to alleviate feelings of distress and powerlessness echoes the experiences of activists, that “the minute you start doing something, the depression goes away”.

思考題：
According to the text，the experiences of activists show that __.
A.It is not productive to worry about climate.
B.It is important to seek professional advice.
C.It reduces emotional suffering to take actions.
D.It makes people feel better to ignore anxiety.

Part 1

While it makes sense to be worried about the climate emergency, becoming overwhelmed is counterproductive.

詞匯突破：

becoming overwhelmed : 動名詞做主語，不堪重負；過分

it makes sense to be/to do sth: 做什么/成為什么是有意義的，

while：雖然

counterproductive: adj. 反生產的,使達不到預期目標的

參考譯文：雖然擔憂氣候危機是有意義的，但不堪重負就適得其反了，

Part 2

The sound advice from psychologists that actions, however small, can help to alleviate feelings of distress and powerlessness echoes the experiences of activists, that “the minute you start doing something, the depression goes away”.

詞匯突破：

sound advice 合理建議

however small 無論多么小

distress and powerlessness 痛苦和無力感

depression 抑郁

psychologists n. 心理學研究者;心理學家

alleviate vt. 減輕, 緩解, 緩和

echoes vt. 重復；反射; vi. 隨聲附和；發出回聲; n. 回音；效仿

句子決議：
The sound advice from psychologists（定語修飾advice） that （actions, however small（定語做插入語修飾actions）, can help to alleviate feelings of distress and powerlessness 粗體部分是advice的同位語從句主干） echoes the experiences（斜體連在一起是句子主干 echoes 是動詞，你識別出來了嗎？） of activists（定語修飾experiences）, that (“the minute you start doing something（同位語從句中the minute引導的狀語從句）, the depression goes away粗體部分是experiences 的同位語從句主干”.

參考譯文：
心理學家的合理忠告是，只要行動，無論多么小，都有助于緩解痛苦和無力感，這與活動家們的經歷相呼應，“你一開始做事，抑郁就會消失”，

思考題決議：
A. It is not productive to worry about climate.(為氣候憂愁無益，)
文中說憂慮有其意義，但過分憂慮適得其反，所以A錯誤，
B. It is important to seek professional advice.(尋求專業意見很重要，)
文中雖然提到了心理學家，但沒有說過“專業意見”的事，故不選B，
C. It reduces emotional suffering to take actions.(行動可以減少情感痛苦，)
It是形式主語= to take actions 
文中說不管多小的行動都有助于緩解焦慮，所以C正確，
D. It makes people feel better to ignore anxiety.（忽略焦慮能讓人們感覺更好，）
作者說憂慮有其意義，因為對其視而不見并不是文章所倡導的，也不是引入活動家經歷的目的，所以不選D，

Day 8

Ironically, urbanization is good, even crucial, for the survival of a human-populated planet. Denser cities beat suburban sprawl insofar as they reduce individual carbon footprints. We humans may need exposure to nature, but nature sure as hell doesn’t need exposure to us. The better way forward is to keep living in densely packed places, but use tech and design to weave nature into our indoor world.

思考題：
According to the author, what can be said of urbanization?
A.It encourages human exposure to nature.
B.It creates wholesome conditions for residents.
C.It is a better way for protecting the environment.
D.It is primarily composed of sprawling suburbs.

Part 1

Ironically, urbanization is good, even crucial, for the survival of a human-populated planet.

詞匯突破：

urbanization: 城市化

human-populated planet 人類居住的星球

crucial 關鍵

Ironically adv. 嘲諷地, 挖苦地

參考譯文：
具有諷刺意味的是，城市化對于人類居住的星球的存續有好處，甚至至關重要，

Part 2

Denser cities beat suburban sprawl insofar as they reduce individual carbon footprints.

詞匯突破：

insofar as= in so far as 在...方面，在...范圍，就...而言

suburban sprawl 郊區的延伸

Denser adj. 濃厚的；稠密的；愚鈍的

參考譯文：
在減少個人碳足跡方面，人口密集的居住方式比城市延伸（郊區蔓延）的居住方式要好，

Part 3

We humans may need exposure to nature, but nature sure as hell doesn’t need exposure to us.

詞匯突破：

sure as hell =surely 當然；確定

exposure 接觸，暴露

參考譯文：
我們人類可能需要接觸自然，但是自然絕對不需要接觸我們，

Part 4

The better way forward is to keep living in densely packed places,（注意轉折并列） but（to） use tech and design to weave nature into our indoor world.

詞匯突破：

densely adv. 濃密地,稠密地;密集地

weave vt. & vi. 編, 織; 織成

參考譯文：
更好的發展方法是繼續住在人煙稠密的地方，但用技術和設計將自然織入我們的室內世界，

思考題決議：
A.It encourages human exposure to nature.
（鼓勵人類接觸自然）
城市化減少了人類與自然的接觸，
并不鼓勵人類親近自然，
文中至少沒有提及，
故A錯誤，
B.  It creates wholesome conditions for residents.
（為居民創造健康的條件）
城市化營造的生活環境并不利于人類的身心健康，與自然接觸才有利于人類的健康，故B錯誤，
C.  It is a better way for protecting the environment.
（是一種更環保的方式）
根據第二句可以知道，
雖然高密度的城市化對人類并非理想的生活方式，但減少了人類對生態的總體破壞，所以是一種環保的方式，正確答案是C，沒想到吧！這篇文章居然在肯定城市化！所以不要按自己的想法來！當然后面也說了，要在城市化的基礎上進一步的改進，
D.  It is primarily composed of sprawling suburbs.
（主要由散落的郊區構成）
城市化以高密度的市區為標志特征，而非居住密度較小的郊區，不選D，

Day 9

Even the most benign forms of convenience afforded by our devices—like the ability to look something up while reading— can work against attention conservation. Finishing a book or a long article requires focusing for lengthy stretches of time. But according to one study, it takes us about 25 minutes to return to a task once we’ve been interrupted.

思考題：
What does the author mean by “benign forms of convenience”?
A. Useful functions.
B. Reading apps.
C. Reference tools.
D .Search features.

Part 1

Even the most benign forms of convenience afforded by our devices—like the ability to look something up while reading— can work against attention conservation.

詞匯突破:

benign 善良的，好的; 良性的
Benign tumors 良性腫瘤
反義詞是：malignant/adverse

attention conservation 注意力保持/維持注意力

Conservation：保持，保護，維護

ability 這里可以翻譯為功能；

句子決議：
Even the most benign forms of convenience afforded by our devices（紅色表示定語）—like the ability to look something up while reading（同位語充當插入語）— can work against attention conservation.（黃色部分表示主干）
（再說一遍，任何成分都可以充當插入語，這個和“志愿者”的概念一樣，是個大概念，任何人只要主動站出來為社會提供服務就叫志愿者，只要放在逗號之間，破折號之間的就叫插入語，當志愿者的常常是大學生，但是老太太站出來了也可以叫志愿者，當插入語的常常是同位語，但是主謂也可以充當插入語，）

參考譯文：
即使是我們的設備所提供的最無害的便利（例如閱讀中的查找功能），也可能會影響維持注意力，

Part 2

Finishing a book or a long article requires focusing for lengthy stretches of time.

詞匯突破:

stretch：動詞含義：拉升
名詞含義：一段（時間）；= spell;
(很多你以為你認識的單詞，其實你并不認識；)
lengthy stretches of time= lengthy stretches
(兩個表達是一個意思：長時間)

focusing：集中注意力

句子決議：
Finishing a book or a long article requires focusing（主干） for lengthy stretches of time.（狀語）

參考譯文：
讀完一本書或一篇長文需要長期集中注意力，

Part 3

But according to one study, it takes us about 25 minutes to return to a task once we’ve been interrupted.

句子決議：
But according to one study, it takes us about 25 minutes （it是形式主語）（to return to a task動詞不定式充當主語） once we’ve been interrupted.（狀語）

參考譯文：
但據一項研究，一旦被打擾，大約需要25分鐘才能重返任務，

思考題決議：
A.	Useful functions.（有用的功能）
benign意為“良性的，無害的”，和“malignant”對立，如良性腫瘤就用這個詞“benign tumor”，作者說“無害的便利”，是對比手機的其他有害功能來說的，這些功能主要目的是吸引流量以獲得廣告收入，給用戶帶來的好處很有限，“無害的便利”近似于“有用的功能”，所以A是正確答案，
B.	Reading apps. （閱讀程式）
句中只是以閱讀體驗舉例，并不是將其等同于“無害的便利”，以偏概全是錯誤的，不選B，
C.	Reference tools. （參考工具）
句中提到look sth up即查詢字典之類的參考書，是“無害的便利”的一種實體，和B選項一樣，也過于狹隘，C選項不正確，
D.  Search features. （搜索性能）
同上，D也不能選，

2020/2/23

Day 10

The truth, unfortunately, is that few of us really absorb the information we receive. We filter out what we don’t expect or want to hear, and this tendency doesn’t necessarily improve with age. As a result, leaders simply miss a great deal of the information that’s available—a weakness to which top performers are especially vulnerable because overconfidence so often comes with success.

思考題：
The reason that top performers are likely to miss available information is ____ ?
A. the lack of ability
B. being overconfident
C.the weak will
D. the misleading news

Part 1

The truth, unfortunately, is that few of us really absorb the information we receive.

句子決議：
The truth, unfortunately, is that（加粗是主語和系動詞） few of us really absorb the information(表語從句）we receive.（省略了that 的定語從句）

參考譯文：
不幸的是，事實上我們很少人能消化接收到的資訊，

Part 2

We filter out what we don’t expect or want to hear, and this tendency doesn’t necessarily improve with age.

詞匯突破：

filter out 過濾掉

句子決議：
We filter out what we don’t expect or want to hear（賓語從句）, and 并列句this tendency doesn’t necessarily improve with age. （粗體是狀語）

參考譯文：我們會過濾掉不希望或不想聽到的內容，并且這種傾向不一定會隨著年齡的增長而改善，

Part 3

As a result, leaders simply miss a great deal of the information that’s available—a weakness to which top performers are especially vulnerable because overconfidence so often comes with success.

詞匯突破：

simply 這個副詞含義很多，根據語境來翻譯，這里翻譯為“輕易”

available 可獲得的

top performers 優秀的人，高管，領導；

to which top performers are especially vulnerable
which = weakness
to是：be vulnerable to 中的to
還原為一個句子：
top performers are especially vulnerable to this weakness. 　

A comes with B
= With B comes A 伴隨B ,常有A
overconfidence so often comes with success.
（success 是原因，overconfidence 是結果）所以答案是B

vulnerable adj. 易受傷的, 脆弱的, 敏感的

overconfidence n. 過分相信,自負

句子決議：
As a result, leaders simply miss a great deal of the information that’s available—a weakness（同位語指代前面這個句子：“錯過資訊”這件事） to which top performers are especially vulnerable（定語從句） because overconfidence so often comes with success（定語從句中的狀語從句）.

參考譯文：
結果是，領導者輕易地錯過了許多獲得的資訊，高管尤其易受這個弱點影響，因為成功通常會導致過分自信，（翻譯的時候我只翻譯了定語從句，沒有再翻譯同位語weakness，因為在定語從句中已經翻譯了一次了，就可以不用再翻譯了，）
比如：
The black women have been discriminated, a fact by which their academic performance is adversely affected.
（which指代fact ,fact 指代前面的句子）
黑人婦女受到歧視，她們的學業受到了這個事實了的不利影響，
=The black women have been discriminated, by which their academic performance is adversely affected.
(which指代前面的句子)
=黑人婦女受到歧視，因此她們的學業受到了不利影響，
（所以語言的表達形式是多樣的，但意思是一樣的，）

思考題：
The reason that top performers are likely to miss available information is ____  ?
表現最好的人可能會錯過可用資訊的原因是什么？
A. the lack of ability 
缺乏能力
B. being overconfident 
過于自信
看句子決議！這就是正確答案！
C.the weak will   
薄弱的意志（沒說他們意志薄弱）
D. the misleading news 
誤導性訊息

文章來源和背景：
The Elements of Good Judgment

2020/2/24

DAY 11

The danger of this wireless-driven revolution in convenience goes beyond hacking. Unlike the traditional “Internet of Computers,” which is confined to a digital “virtual” world, the Internet of Things has a direct connection to the physical one. That opens up a disturbing set of questions: What might happen if the computers inside ovens, security cameras or smart cities were turned against us?

思考題：

According to the text, what is the potential danger of the Internet of Things?

A. Manufacturers have priced the devices low.

B. The devices would make us too dependent.

C. It is close to us and has serious safety defects.

D. They may rise against us and stage a rebellion.

Part 1

The danger of this wireless-driven revolution in convenience （定語）goes beyond hacking.

詞匯：
hacking 非法侵入(他人計算機系統);

參考譯文：
這場由無線驅動的便利性革命的危險超出黑客入侵，

Part 2

Unlike the traditional “Internet of Computers,” which is confined to a digital “virtual” world, the Internet of Things has a direct connection to the physical one.

詞匯：
confined vt. 限制；禁閉

參考譯文：
傳統的“計算機網路”局限在一個數字"虛擬"世界中，而物聯網則不一樣，它與物理世界有直接聯系，

Part 3

That opens up a disturbing set of questions: What might happen if the computers inside ovens, security cameras or smart cities were turned against us?

詞匯：

be turned against sb : 被操縱與...對立

disturbing adj. 煩擾的

ovens 烤箱

參考譯文：
這就開啟了一系列令人不安的問題：如果烤箱、安全攝像頭或智能城市內的計算機被操縱的與我們對立，會發生什么？

思考題決議：

A. Manufacturers have priced the devices low.（制造商把價定得太低）

文中沒有提到，雖然定價過低確實可能代表在安全性設計上的投入較少，產品具有嚴重的安全風險，A選項錯誤，

B. The devices would make us too dependent.（這些設備會讓我們依賴性太強）

文中沒有提到，任何的便捷都可能讓我們產生依賴，但這并不是作者所說的物聯網的潛在風險，B選項錯誤，

C. It is close to us and has serious safety defects.（物聯網離我們太近且有嚴重的安全缺陷）

你可能不認識defect這個詞，但是這個詞真的就是大綱詞匯啊！

Defect：缺陷

文中說物聯網的危險超出了黑客入侵，因為它還“與物理世界有直接聯系“，故C選項正確，

D. They may rise against us and stage a rebellion.（它們可能揭竿而起，舉行一場叛亂）

雖然最后一句作者反問智能家電與我們對立的后果，但這句話說的是它們被動地敵對主人（如被黑客惡意入侵），而不是指科幻里的機器覺醒，D選項錯誤，

詞匯突破

Defect：缺陷

dependent adj. 依靠的, 依賴的

rebellion n. 叛亂；反抗；謀反；不服從

2020/2/25

Day 12

Even within mainstream economics, the growth theory is being challenged, and not merely because of a heightened awareness of environmental crisis. In “Good Economics for Hard Times,” two winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, point out that a larger G.D.P. doesn’t necessarily mean a rise in human well-being—especially if it isn’t distributed equitably—and the pursuit of it can sometimes be counterproductive.

思考題：
The growth theory is being challenged because__.
A.it fails to ensure the people’s sense of happiness
B.economic growth was promoted inefficiently
C.economists fail to predict the right outcome
D.it is no longer popular among policy-makers

Part 1

Even within mainstream economics, the growth orthodoxy is being challenged, and not merely because of a heightened awareness of environmental crisis.

詞匯：

mainstream n. (思想或行為的)主流

orthodoxy n. <正>正統觀念;普遍接受的觀點;正統的信仰〔做法〕

heightened vt. 提高；加強；增高；使更顯著

參考譯文：
即使在主流經濟學中，增長論也正被挑戰，不僅僅因為人們提高了對環境危機的認識，

Part 2

In “Good Economics for Hard Times,” two winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, point out that a larger G.D.P. doesn’t necessarily mean a rise in human well-being（賓語從句一）—especially if it isn’t distributed equitably—and the pursuit of it can sometimes be counterproductive(賓語從句二）.

詞匯：

equitably adv. 公正地

counterproductive adj. 反生產的,使達不到預期目標的

參考譯文：
在《艱難時代的好經濟學》一書中，2019年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主阿比吉特·班納吉和埃絲特·杜弗洛指出，GDP的增長并不總意味著人類福祉的提升——尤其是分配不公時——對GDP的追求有時可能會適得其反，

思考題決議：
A. it fails to ensure the people’s sense of happiness
沒有能夠保障人民的幸福感
作者說“不僅僅因為人們提高了對環境風險的認識“，
接著就到了后一句：
a larger G.D.P. doesn’t necessarily mean a rise in human well-being
GDP的增長并不總意味著人類福祉的提升
=沒有能夠保障人民的幸福感
 A選項正確，
B. economic growth was promoted inefficiently（經濟增長未得到高效地提升）
文中沒有提到，事實上，過去幾十年最顯著的特征就是經濟高速增長，B選項錯誤，
C. economists fail to predict the right outcome（經濟學家沒能準確地預測結果）
文中沒有提到，經濟學家很少能準確地預測未來，但這不影響他們的理論成為主流政策，C選項錯誤，
D. it is no longer popular among policy-makers（它在政策制定者中間不再受歡迎）
文中沒有提到，政策制定者還是鐘愛極易量化和操作的GDP評價體系，D選項錯誤，

Day 13

The government removed the cap on student numbers, encouraging institutions to compete with each other for applicants: but admissions rose quicker than staff numbers, inevitably reducing the quality of education. There’s another consequence of marketisation: as debt-laden students head for degrees they think will maximize their earning potential, many vital courses suffer. The University of Sunderland is axing its history, politics and foreign language courses, for example, expressing a desire for a more “career-focused and professions-facing” approach.

思考題：
University of Sunderland has cut humanity courses because__.
A. the government makes the rule on it.
B. competent teachers are hard to find
C. they want to attract more applicants
D. these classes are of little significance

Part 1

詞匯

cap 上限

參考譯文：（英國）政府取消學生人數上限，鼓勵院校相互競爭，搶奪生源：但招錄人數的增長率高于教職人數，不可避免地降低了教育質量，

Part 2

There’s another consequence of marketisation: as debt-laden students head for degrees they think will maximize their earning potential（定語從句省略了that）, many vital courses suffer.

詞匯突破：

debt-laden 負債累累

參考譯文：
市場化的另一個后果是：負債累累的學生追求認為最能提升自己賺錢能力的學位，許多重要的課程都受到影響，

Part 3

The University of Sunderland is axing its history, politics and foreign language courses, for example, expressing a desire for a more “career-focused and professions-facing” approach.

詞匯

axing（砍去，減少）

參考譯文：
例如，桑德蘭大學正在削減其歷史、政治和外語課程，表示想采取“更注重職業和就業”的方法，

思考題決議：
A. the government makes the rule on it. (政府就此作出了規定）
政府并沒有就此作出規定，A選項不對，
B. competent teachers are hard to find（很難找到稱職的教師）
文中沒有提到招聘教師的問題，B選項也不對，
C. they want to attract more applicants（他們希望吸引更多的申請者）
學校希望把課程改得更利于學生找作業，進而吸引更多的人申請，C選項是正確答案，
而且上一句說了，學生就是想實用的課程，
D. these classes are of little significance（這些課一點也不重要）
人文類課程雖然不是高就業的熱門專業，但對個人對社會都非常重要，D選項錯誤，

2020/2/26

Day 14

On the surface, the answers to America’s housing crisis are simple: Build more housing and expand subsidies for people who can’t afford what the private market has to offer. But the lack of moderately priced housing is a decades-old problem—and a problem that has resisted numerous efforts to solve it.

思考題：
The author believes that solutions to the housing crisis __.
A. can be easily carried out
B. are hard to be applied
C. are proven to be outdated
D. are shown to be irresistible

Part 1

On the surface, the answers to America’s housing crisis are simple: Build more housing and expand subsidies for people who can’t afford what the private market has to offer.

tips:
what= something that （大家以后可以按這個思路來理解，）
People can’t afford （what the private market has to offer 賓語從句）.
= People can’t afford something that the private market has to offer.
(that=something 充當offer（提供）的賓語)
人們沒法負擔私有市場提供的房產，
=人們沒法負擔私有市場的價格

參考譯文：
從表面上看，解決美國住房危機的方法很簡單：建造更多的住房，增加對負擔不起私有市場價格的人群的補貼，

Part 2

But the lack of moderately priced housing is a decades-old problem—and a problem that has resisted numerous efforts to solve it.

詞匯：

moderately adv. 適度地,有節制地

resisted vt. & vi. 使用武力阻止(某事)發生[取得成功]; 抵抗; 對抗

參考譯文：
但缺少價格適中的住房是一個幾十年的老問題，無數試圖解決它的努力都失敗了，

思考題決議：
A. can be easily carried out（能被輕易地實施）
文中說解決方法從表面上看很簡單，但實際上各種努力都沒有成功，即實際上實施真正有效的措施并不容易，A選項錯誤，
B. are hard to be applied（很難應用）
各種努力都被“resist“（抗拒）了，所以解決方法很難被應用，B選項正確，
C. are proven to be outdated（被證明過時了）
文中說問題是個老問題，但沒說解決方案過不過時的事，C選項錯誤，
D. are shown to be irresistible（被顯示是不可抵擋的）
若解決方法不可抵擋，就意味著非常有效，從上面的分析可以看出，還沒有有效的嘗試，D選項錯誤，

outdate vt. 使過時；使廢棄；使陳舊

irresistible adj. 不可抵抗的；不能壓制的；極為誘人的

Day 15

News of the laboratory fraud allegations comes at a time of growing fears among consumer and environmentalists that corporate-driven “science” is doing much to protect corporate profits but little to protect public health and safety. When corporations pay for the research, invariably the findings seem to support the safety of whatever products the corporations are trying to sell.

思考題：
Scientific studies sponsored by corporations tend to__.
A. produce unreliable results
B. protect interests of society
C. get published much harder
D. have limited access to data

Part 1

詞匯

allegations n. 陳述, 宣稱, 辯解;陳詞

corporate 公司的

句子決議：
News of the laboratory fraud allegations comes（主干）at a time of growing fears among consumer and environmentalists（定語） that corporate-driven “science” is doing much to protect corporate profits but little to protect public health and safety（fear的同位語從句）.

參考譯文：
實驗室被指控欺詐的訊息傳來之際，消費者和環保人士正越來越擔心，企業驅動的"科學"大力維護企業利益，但在保護公眾健康和安全方面卻無所作為，

Part 2

When corporations pay for the research, invariably the findings seem to support the safety of whatever products the corporations are trying to sell.

詞匯：

invariably adv. 始終不變地

句子賞析:
When corporations pay for the research（狀語從句）, invariably the findings seem to support the safety（主干） of whatever products（定語） the corporations are trying to sell.（省略了that的定語從句）

參考譯文：
當企業為研究付費時，研究結果似乎總是支持企業試圖銷售的任何產品的安全性，

思考題決議：
A. produce unreliable results（產生不可靠的結果）
文中說企業贊助的科研常常產生有利于企業的結果，換句話說，結果的可靠性存疑，即不可靠，A選項正確，
B. protect interests of society（保護社會的利益）
這和第一句說法的矛盾的，企業支持的研究維護的是企業的利益，企業的利益是不是社會利益我們不得而知，B選項錯誤，
C. get published much harder（更難被發表）
文中沒有提發表文章的事，發文章的難易程度和第一作者的咖位及期刊的評級關系更大一些，當然企業支持的通常不缺APC（文章處理費），C選項錯誤，
D. have limited access to data（資料訪問更有限）
獲取資料的能力和企業是否支持并不直接相關，這個還是和研究團隊的資源更相關，D選項錯誤，

Day 16

Many colleges—often obscure ones of middling selectivity—have converted to universities in recent years, seemingly in the hopes of raising their profiles. But whether there’s a material distinction between a college and a university depends on whom you ask—and many people don’t know the difference. Yet even so, many people, if only subconsciously, do think of a university as somehow higher quality than a college.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A.colleges are much cheaper than universities
B.most people prefer university to college
C.the British do not use the word “college”
D.it cost nothing to change school name

Part 1

Many colleges—often obscure ones of middling selectivity—have converted to universities in recent years, seemingly in the hopes of raising their profiles.

詞匯：

obscure adj.無名的;鮮為人知的;費解的;難以理解的 v.使模糊;使隱晦;使費解

middling selectivity 選材標準位于中游的

selectivity n. 選擇性

converted vt. & vi. (使)轉變, (使)轉化

profile n. 側面，輪廓，外形，剖面

參考譯文：
近年來，許多學院——往往是寂寂無名的普通學校——已經改成大學，似希望借此提高知名度，

Part 2

But whether there’s a material distinction between a college and a university depends on whom you ask—and many people don’t know the difference.

詞匯：

distinction n. 區別, 明顯差別, 特征

句子決議：
But whether there’s a material distinction between a college and a university （主語從句）depends on whom you ask（動詞+賓語從句）—and many people don’t know the difference（并列句二）.

參考譯文：
但學院和大學之間是否有實質性差別取決于你發問的物件，很多人不知道兩者的區別，

Part 3

Yet even so, many people, if only subconsciously, do think of a university as somehow higher quality than a college.

詞匯：

subconsciously adv. 潛意識地

somehow adv. 莫明其妙地；以某種方法

caliber n.質量；規，量規，能力；才干；水準

句子決議：
Yet even so, many people, if only subconsciously, do（強調作用） think of a university as somehow higher caliber than a college.

參考譯文：
然而即便如此，許多人（即使只是下意識地）真的認為大學在某種程度上比學院高一檔，

思考題決議：
A. colleges are much cheaper than universities（學院比大學便宜）
文中沒有提到學費的問題，通常不管是學院還是大學，私立比公立貴，所以公立的大學常常或私立的學院貴，A選項錯誤，
B. most people prefer university to college（大多數人更青睞大學，而不是學院）
最后一句說雖然大多數人不知道學院和大學的區別，但都會覺得大學更好一些，B選項正確，
C. the British do not use the word “college”（英國人不用“學院”一詞）
英國也有”學院“一詞，但英國的大學建制中學院和大學的區別很清楚，大學是得到皇家特許可以發學位的教育機構，學院是大學內的住宿式學習社區（包含許多專業，和國內按學科領域分的學院也大不相同），例如大名鼎鼎的倫敦國王學院就是倫敦大學的創校學院之一，在美國，這兩個詞的區別就仁者見仁，智者見智了，C選項錯誤，
D. it cost nothing to change school name（改校名沒什么成本）
文中沒提到改校名的成本問題，而且實際上改校名涉及各方面的改頭換面，市場宣傳方面的成本是不菲的，D選項錯誤，

Day 17

The house of Windsor is perpetually said to be in “crisis.” Not because it is but because this is the language that headline writers prefer. For examples of monarchies that have been in crisis, we might remember the royal families of Russia, Germany, Italy, and Greece, among others. By comparison not just with these, but with almost every other institution on earth, the British royal family is an unparalleled success.

思考題：
According to the author, the British royal family is often said to be in crisis because__.
A.its members are involved in scandals
B.news media want to draw attention
C.it is the most successful royal house
D.it features frequently in the front page

Part 1

The house of Windsor is perpetually said to be in “crisis.”

詞匯：

The house of Windsor（溫莎王室）就指的是英國王室，

perpetually adv. 永恒地終身地,不斷地
參考譯文：溫莎王室一直被認為處在"危機"之中，

Part 2

Not because it is but because this is the language that headline writers prefer.

句子決議：
這句話其實是第一句的原因狀語從句，單獨大寫另寫一句了，目的是為了引人注意，這是很常見的新聞寫作方式，
比如：
The findings show that the economy has recovered. That the stock market is booming. That the sense of happiness is promoted.
后面兩個句子就是第一句的賓語從句，為了強調，單獨寫了，
他來了，不僅因為他想來而且因為他必須來，

參考譯文：
并不因為果真如此，而是因為這是標題黨喜歡用的詞，

Part 3

For examples of monarchies that have been in crisis, we might remember the royal families of Russia, Germany, Italy, and Greece, among others.

詞匯：

monarchies 君主政體，王室；

among others 等等

參考譯文：
對于陷入危機的王室的例子，我們可能還記得俄國、德國、意大利和希臘等國的皇室家族，

Part 4

By comparison not just with these, but with almost every other institution on earth，the British royal family is an unparalleled success.

詞匯：
unparalleled success：無法超越的成功

參考譯文：
不僅與這些皇室，而且與世界上幾乎所有其他機構相比，英國王室的成功都是無法超越的，

思考題決議：
A. its members are involved in scandals（其成員陷入丑聞）
作者認為，雖然媒體老說“皇室危機”，但實際上并不是真正的危機，確實是新聞，甚至有些是丑聞，但遠比不上歷史上真正的“皇室危機”，真正讓皇室屢次被說陷入危機的是希望吸引讀者的標題黨們，A選項錯誤，
B. news media want to draw attention（媒體想要吸引注意力）
參考上面的翻譯，尤其是第二句！可知B選項正確，
C. it is the most successful royal house（它是最成功的皇室）
雖然文中提到了這點，但作者只是用來反駁媒體的“陷入危機”之說，并不是皇室被說陷入危機的原因，C選項錯誤，
D. it features frequently in the front page（它經常出現在頭版）
文中沒有提到，雖然可能是個事實，但和題干不存在因果聯系，D選項錯誤，

Day 18

Technology’s defenders claim that the traditional tools of macroeconomics can’t possibly capture the magic of a smartphone. Look up from your textbooks, they tell economists: Everything is getting better except our ability to measure how much better everything is getting. But no matter how aggressively you torture the numbers, the computer age has coincided with a decline in the rate of economic growth.

思考題：
The views of economists and author on economy of computer age are_____
A. identical
B. slightly conflicting
C. complimentary
D. opposite

Part 1

Technology’s defenders claim that the traditional tools of macroeconomics can’t possibly capture the magic of a smartphone.

詞匯：

defenders n. 防御者;守衛者;保護者;辯護者

macroeconomics n. 宏觀經濟學

句子決議：
Technology’s defenders claim that 主謂 the traditional tools of macroeconomics can’t possibly capture the magic of a smartphone. （賓語從句）

參考譯文：
科技的捍衛者聲稱，傳統的宏觀經濟學工具沒能捕捉智能手機的神奇力量，

Part 2

Look up from your textbooks, they tell economists: Everything is getting better except our ability to measure how much better everything is getting.

句子賞析：
Look up from your textbooks, （賓語從句的一部分）they tell economists（主謂充當插入語）: Everything is getting better except our ability to measure how much better everything is getting（狀語）.（賓語從句）

參考譯文：
他們告訴經濟學家，別再看教科書了：一切都在變好，除了我們衡量一切改善的能力，

Part 3

But no matter how aggressively you torture the numbers, the computer age has coincided with a decline in the rate of economic growth.

詞匯：

torture vt. 折磨；拷問；歪曲

age 時代, 時期

coincided vi. 一致，符合；同時發生

decline n. 下降, 減少, 衰退

句子決議：
But no matter how aggressively you torture the numbers, the computer age has coincided with a decline in the rate of economic growth.
But后面就是作者的觀點！
記住：沒有說是誰的觀點，就是作者的觀點！
（這句話是考研閱讀的重要軍規！）

參考譯文：
但是無論你多使勁地擺弄資料，計算機時代都伴隨著經濟增長率的下降，

題目決議：
The views of economists and author on economy of computer age are_____
經濟學家和作者對計算機時代經濟的看法是：
這段話里其實有三方人物：
1.Technology’s defenders
2.economists 
3.author 
第一句科技的捍衛者在指責經濟學不懂科技的神奇，
第二句科技的捍衛者繼續指責經濟學家不會衡量美好事物（也就是經濟發展），
第三句作者提出自己觀點：計算機時代經濟發展速度就是在級訓，
這就說明作者和經濟學家的觀點是一致identical的，
D. opposite   
這個肯定不對，
B. slightly conflicting 
我估計選這個的可能比較多，不要被slightly這個詞給迷惑了，
關鍵在conflicting就不對，這就是方向性的錯誤，
比如原文說：凱文帥
選項說：凱文有一點點丑 (不對！！方向就不對!) 
C. complimentary  
互為補充
這個是文章中沒有提到的，

identical adj. 同一的

complimentary adj. 表示敬意的，贊美的，恭維的
opposite adj. 相反的；對面的；對立的

2020/2/27

Day 19

Even if paper catalogues sent through the mail is an imperfect medium, it still might be the best way for independent businesses to avoid getting sucked into the Amazon-Google-Facebook vortex—and for internet-weary consumers to avoid seeing the whole world through the filters of the Big Three’s algorithms. “Something we talk about a lot is data-privacy issues,” Agle says,“Obviously electronic advertising is more sustainable, but it’s not necessarily better for society.”

思考題：
Agle believes that paper catalogues send by the mail is_____.
A.a much more efficient way to protect the environment
B.a wise business approach to avoid online competition
C.a good way to avoid manipulation by internet giants
D.a marketing method designed to protect consumer privacy

Part 1

詞匯：

catalogue n. 目錄, 一覽表;系列;vt. 為…編目錄, 登記分類

imperfect adj. 有缺點的,有瑕疵的

medium n. 媒介, 手段, 方法, 工具

get sucked into 卷入

vortex 漩渦

Internet-weary 厭倦互聯網

algorithm 演算法

filters 過濾器

句子決議：
Even if paper catalogues sent through the mail（定語） is an imperfect medium,（狀語從句）// it still might be the best way for independent businesses // to avoid getting sucked into the Amazon-Google-Facebook vortex—(這里的破折號相當于一個逗號，起個間隔作用） and for internet-weary consumers //to avoid seeing the whole world through the filters of the Big Three’s algorithms.

參考譯文：
即便郵寄紙質目錄這種媒介并不完美，然而對于想避免卷入亞馬遜-谷歌-臉書漩渦的獨立企業，對于厭倦了互聯網、不想透過三巨頭的演算法過濾器看整個世界的消費者，它可能是最好的方法，

Part 2

“Something we talk about a lot is data-privacy issues,” Agle says，“Obviously electronic advertising is more sustainable, but it’s not necessarily better for society.”

詞匯：

sustainable adj. (對自然資源和能源的利用)不破壞生態平衡的, 合理利用的

參考譯文：
艾格爾說："我們經常談論資料隱私問題，很明顯，電子廣告更具可持續性（環保），但并不一定更有益于社會，"

Agle believes that paper catalogues send by the mail is_____.
Agle認為郵寄的紙質版的目錄是
A. a much more efficient way to protect the environment
（更高效的保護環境的方式）
文中說了郵寄紙張并不完美，而電子廣告可持續性更強，A選項錯誤，
B. a wise business approach to avoid online competition
（避免線上競爭的明智商業策略）
商品目錄策略在網路時代仍有其意義，仍可以吸引一些消費者，但沒法幫助企業避免線上競爭，來自線上的競爭是物體經濟用什么策略都很難避免的，B選項錯誤，
C. a good way to avoid manipulation by internet giants
（是避免受制于互聯網巨頭的好辦法）
文中說對于不想和亞馬遜、谷歌和臉書打交道的企業和消費者，郵寄廣告可能是最好的方法，即不想受制于互聯網巨頭，紙質產品目錄是個好辦法，C選項正確，
D. a marketing method designed to protect consumer privacy
（旨在保護消費者隱私的營銷手段）
雖然紙質廣告不會像網路演算法一樣跟蹤你，但紙質廣告也不是旨在保護消費者隱私的營銷手段，“能夠保護”和“旨在保護”是截然不同的兩個概念，D選項錯誤，

manipulation n. (熟練的)操作；操縱；控制

文章來源背景和來源：
The Restoration Hardware Catalogs Won’t Die
RH的產品目錄不會消失
Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/03/why-restoration-hardware-sends-catalogs-the-size-of-a-toddler/605524/
背景：美國高端家居用品零食商RH（Restoration Hardware）通過積極布局新的“藝術館戰略”成功扭轉逆境，很快成為網紅店，同時RH仍保留了其商品目錄策略，每年花費數百萬美元向會員提供印刷精美的產品目錄，2019年的產品目錄厚達730頁，用紙講究，遠觀就像一期新的時尚雜志，郵寄產品目錄的成功顯得與智能手機時代格格不入，但資料顯示，與電子廣告相比，紙媒廣告的轉化率更高，許多消費者對互聯網的定位廣告感到厭倦，和無時不刻不在跟蹤和分析自己的演算法相比，紙媒廣告反映了制作者的匠心和篩選建議，提供了完全獨立的產品選購體驗，另外，喜歡紙媒廣告的人群不僅僅包含不信任網路的年長者，還有很多已經厭倦在技術浪潮中無力選擇的中青年，和電視購物一樣，郵寄產品目錄還沒有消亡，

2020/2/29

Day 20

The cooperative nature of science had been understood long before Edison built the world’s first factory of invention. When Isaac Newton wrote, “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants,” he was acknowledging that invention is a team sport, even if Newton’s team was mostly dead people.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the passage that_______
A.Edison is a solitary genius of multiple inventions.
B.Newton is not good at teamwork with living scholars.
C.Edison understood the cooperative nature of science.
D.Newton proved that Edison has borrowed ideas.

Part 1

The cooperative nature of science had been understood long before Edison built the world’s first factory of invention.

詞匯

long before: 早在…之前；before long= soon 很快

factory of invention 發明工廠（愛迪生找了一群人在里面搞發明）

cooperative adj. 合作的, 協作的

參考譯文：
早在愛迪生建立世界上第一座發明工廠之前，人們就意識到了科學協作的本質，

Part 2

When Isaac Newton wrote, “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants,” he was acknowledging that invention is a team sport, even if Newton’s team was mostly dead people.

參考譯文：
當牛頓寫下“如果我比別人看得更遠些，那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上”之時，他就是在認可發明是個團隊活，雖然牛頓的團隊成員主要是已不在世的前輩，

思考題決議：
It can be inferred from the passage that_______
從文章中可以推出_____
A. Edison is a solitary genius of multiple inventions.
愛迪生是一個有著多項發明的孤獨的天才
（文章沒有任何線索說明愛迪生孤獨）
B. Newton is not good at teamwork with living scholars.
牛頓不擅長和學者的協作，
雖然牛頓的團隊成員主要是不在世的前輩，這也不能說明牛頓不擅長和在世的學者協作，
我最近早上都吃的包子，你不能說我不喜歡吃面條，
你只能說我可能喜歡吃包子，
C. Edison understood the cooperative nature of science.
愛迪生懂得科學協作的本質，
這是正確答案
兩個線索：
        1.愛迪生創立了發明工廠
            當然很多人不知道什么是發明工廠那我們就從做題的邏輯入手：
          2.早在阿拉伯人____之前，中國人就在使用數字了，
            （A）使用數字，（B）吃包子，
如果是填空的話，你是填A還是B？這兩句話之間是應該有一個話題的連貫和一致性，這就是解題的線索，
所以第一句話：
在愛迪生__________之前，人們就意識到了科學協作的本質，
這里就可以填上：懂得科學協協作的本質；
閱讀的軍規來了：
話題是有連貫和一致性的
D. Newton proved that Edison has borrowed ideas.
牛頓證明了愛迪生借鑒了創意，
這個在文章中沒有提到，而且你要知道borrowed ideas通常是一個貶義的表達，所以就更加不選了，

文章的和來源和背景：
Thomas Edison’s Greatest Invention
愛迪生最偉大的發明
Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2019/11/edmund-morris-edison/598357/
背景：愛迪生無疑是美國歷史上最具爭議的發明家和企業家，有人說他是天才，擁有超過2000項發明；有人說他是小偷，因為很多發明并不是他的獨創，但搶注專利他總是第一；有人說他是英雄，因為他建立了世界上第一個交叉學科的發明工廠——“門羅公園“；有人說他是貪婪的資本家，因為他常常不愿給手下漲薪或發獎金，在互聯網時代，他更是因為埃隆·馬斯克（Elon Musk）對尼古拉·特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）的推崇而圈了一眾黑粉（特斯拉是交流電的發明者，他曾為愛迪生效力，辭職后被愛迪生打壓，最終在困厄中離世），但愛迪生最偉大的貢獻也許并不是那些發明，而是他對科學本質的深刻洞悉：團隊協作才是出成果的不二法門，

2020/3/4

Day 21

The far more important reason we’ve engaged in these energy-intensive activities is our tendency to behave as our peers do. But here is the cause for hope: Where contagion creates a problem, it can also help solve it. Just as in the case of smoking, where peer effects aggravated and then reduced the prevalence of the practice, so too could contagion help us meet the climate challenge.

思考題：
The peer effects have caused people to______.
A.take up smoking
B.become contagious
C.be more innovative
D.consume wisely

Part 1

The far more important reason we’ve engaged in these energy-intensive activities is our tendency to behave as our peers do.

詞匯

energy-intensive activities 所謂高能源消耗活動就是不環保的活動

參考譯文：
我們進行這些高能源消耗活動更重要的原因是—我們希望像我們的同齡人一樣行事的傾向（我們的從眾傾向）

Part 2

But here is the cause for hope: Where contagion creates a problem, it can also help solve it.

詞匯

contagion n. 傳染,接觸傳染

參考譯文：
但這也是希望所在：“傳染”造成的問題也能靠它來解決，

Part 3

Just as in the case of smoking, where peer effects aggravated and then reduced the prevalence of the practice, so too could contagion help us meet the climate challenge.

詞匯

aggravated ：惡化，加劇

prevalence n. 流行,盛行;普遍,廣泛

句子決議
主句是個倒裝：so contagion could help us meet the climate challenge too.

參考譯文：
正如在吸煙這件事上，同伴效應加劇了吸煙問題，后來又降低了吸煙率，“傳染”也有助于我們應對氣候挑戰，

思考題決議：
The peer effects have caused people to______.
同齡人壓力導致人們：
A. take up smoking（吸煙）
文中說從眾心理一開始加劇了吸煙問題，后來又降低了吸煙率，所以說它引起了吸煙問題沒錯，說它解決了吸煙問題也沒錯，A選項正確，
B. become contagious（感染疾病/變得有感染力）
迷惑項，
文中說的contagion是指的一種社會性的影響和傳播，不是指疾病的傳染，
但若說一個人become contagious，一般則是指這個人患上疾病，
如果一定要翻譯為：變得有感染力，那也不對，因為文中沒有說同齡人壓力會使人變得有感染力，屬于沒有提及選項，
B選項錯誤，
C. be more innovative（更有創新性）
根據作者的說法，從眾心理可以幫助解決社會問題，但并不能讓個人更具創新性這屬于沒有依據的選項，C選項錯誤，
D. consume wisely（理性消費）
文章只是希望可以，應該可以，
是否可以，還不知道，
而題干是現在完成時態，
D選項錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
In Praise of the Herd Mentality
點贊從眾心理
Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/03/climate-change-peer-pressure/605515/
背景：談及地球的嚴峻生態問題，許多人認為政府和個人行動遲緩，情況不容樂觀，也許希望正藏于人性之中，雖然現代人鋪張浪費的真正根源是追求體面的從眾心理，但同伴效應既是根源也是解法，以煙草的使用為例，1959年美國近一半的男性和30%的女性吸煙，而現在總共只有不到15%的煙民，煙草的重稅開啟了一個良性回圈，青少年接觸煙草的機會減少，美國人開始發現一起吐煙圈的同伴減少，從眾的壓力開始反向，進一步加速了去煙草化，同樣地，和自然和諧相處，我們仍大有可為，訴諸從眾心理，也許能在短時間內帶來根本性改變，

Day 22

Americans are hungering to live in extended and forged families, in ways that are new and ancient at the same time. This is a significant opportunity, a chance to thicken and broaden family relationships, a chance to allow more adults and children to live and grow under the loving gaze of a dozen pairs of eyes, and be caught, when they fall, by a dozen pairs of arms.

思考題：
According to the author, the hunger for extended families is a chance to_______.
A.create more jobs in local markets
B.build much stronger family ties
C.improve the public education
D.allow us to pursue ambitions

Part 1

Americans are hungering to live in extended and forged families, in ways that are new and ancient at the same time.

詞匯

extended and forged families 大家庭

forge 鑄造，打造，建構，努力加強，穩步前進;偽造

參考譯文：
美國人渴望生活在大家庭中，這是一種又嶄新又古老的方式，

Part 2

This is a significant opportunity, a chance to thicken and broaden family relationships, a chance to allow more adults and children to live and grow under the loving gaze of a dozen pairs of eyes, and be caught, when they fall, by a dozen pairs of arms.

詞匯

loving gaze 充滿愛的注視

參考譯文：
這是一個重要的機會，一個擴大和增強家庭關系的機會，一個讓更多的成人和兒童在十幾雙眼睛的慈愛注視下生活和成長的機會，一個失足時可以被十幾雙手臂抓住的機會，

思考題決議：
A. create more jobs in local markets（在本地市場創造更多就業）
文中沒提到家庭結構和就業市場的關系，不選，A選項錯誤，
B. build much stronger family ties（建立更堅實的家庭關系）
文中說這是一個“thicken”和“broaden”家庭關系的重要機會，相當于“build stronger ties”，B選項正確，
C. improve the public education（提振公立教育）
文中沒提到家庭結構和公立教育的關系，不選，也許大家庭會更有利于孩子的教育，因為孩子可以獲得更多的注意、關心和幫助，C選項錯誤，
D. allow us to pursue ambitions（允許我們追求抱負）
大家庭的缺點在于個人也需要貢獻許多時間和精力去維護它，所以讓個人的追求受限；核心家庭才是放飛了個人抱負的那種家庭結構，D選項錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
The Nuclear Family Was a Mistake
核心家庭是個錯誤
Source: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/03/the-nuclear-family-was-a-mistake/605536/
背景：你也許聽說過這樣的家庭傳奇：眾多家庭成員齊聚一堂，坐在臨時拼湊的大桌旁，聽老人說那些傳來傳去已經面目全非的陳年舊事，這就是美國歷史上大多數時候的家庭結構，人們生活在數代同堂、結合緊密的大家庭中，自20世代60年代以來，美國進入一對父母兩個孩子的核心家庭時代，新的家庭系統解放了富人，同時讓工薪和貧困階層備受摧殘，大家庭的好處在于抗逆力強，不管出現什么樣的家庭危機，都可能有其他的親緣關系來緩沖和支持，例如母親生病離世，姑姨、叔伯、祖父母、兄弟姐妹可以幫忙，和老爸鬧僵，也還有親戚能投靠，核心家庭的優點在于自由，有利于成年人實作個人抱負，但缺少親緣關系網的緩沖，抗危機（比如夫妻離婚）能力極弱，不利于孩童的成長，對于那些沒有金錢和資源的普通家庭來說更是如此，

2020/3/7

Day 23

As companies try to scale up their online experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but shared behaviors, beliefs, and values. For every experiment that succeeds, nearly 10 don’t—and in the eyes of many organizations that emphasize efficiency, predictability, and “winning,” those failures are wasteful. To successfully innovate, companies need to make experimentation an integral part of everyday life—even when budgets are tight.

思考題：
Many organizations that emphasize efficiency have failed to__.
A.realize the importance of innovation
B.access the experimentation technology
C.create an experimentation atmosphere
D.make a feasible company budget

Part 1

As companies try to scale up their online experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but shared behaviors, beliefs, and values.

詞匯

scale up 按比例增加

參考譯文：
公司在試圖擴大在線試驗能力時，常常發現障礙不是工具和技術，而是共同的行為模式、信念和價值觀，

Part 2

For every experiment that succeeds, nearly 10 don’t—and in the eyes of many organizations that emphasize efficiency, predictability, and “winning,” those failures are wasteful.

詞匯

emphasize vt. 強調; 加強語氣; 重讀

參考譯文：
每個成功的實驗背后都幾乎有十個失敗的實驗，在許多強調效率、可預測性和“勝利”的組織眼中，這些失敗太浪費，

Part 3

To successfully innovate, companies need to make experimentation an integral part of everyday life—even when budgets are tight.

詞匯

integral adj. 構成整體所必需的

feasible adj. 可行的；可能的；可實行的
參考譯文：
為了成功創新，公司應將試驗作為日常作業不可或缺的一部分——即使當預算緊張之時，

思考題決議：
A. realize the importance of innovation（意識到創新的重要性）
這些公司只是覺得試驗常態化需要給許多失敗方案埋單，太浪費，并不是沒有意識到創新重要，準確講他們知道創新重要，但是不知道如何創新，
A選項錯誤，我知道很多人選了，這個答案，
你們先自己想想，我明天再來復盤，
B. access the experimentation technology（獲取試驗技術）
文中說試驗常態化不能進行的原因不在于技術和工具，而在于文化，所以這些公司并不是沒能獲取試驗技術，B選項錯誤，
C. create an experimentation atmosphere（營造試驗的氛圍）
試驗文化的缺失才是這些公司不及的地方，C選項正確，
該不該點在看！
D. make a feasible company budget（制定可行的公司預算）
迷惑項，文中提到了預算，但是說即使預算緊張，也應給試驗留空間，不是說這些公司的預算不可行，D選項錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
Building a Culture of Experimentation
建立試驗文化
Source: https://hbr.org/2020/03/productive-innovation
背景：酒店預訂網站繽客（Bookings）每年進行超過25000次在線測驗，每個時間點都有成千億個登陸頁面在線，這意味著兩個在同一地點的用戶不太可能看到同一版頁面，這種試驗精神讓這家荷蘭的初創企業在不到20年的時間內成長為世界上最大的酒店預訂網站，雖然許多人都知道創新的重要性，但實際上每年運行超過1000次在線測驗的公司鳳毛麟角，《哈佛商業評論》的這篇文章指出，大多數公司沒能利用積極試驗的原因是缺少鼓勵創新鼓勵犯錯的企業文化，畢竟CEO們更強調的是效率最大化，

Day 24

What makes Google v. Oracle still more intriguing is that legal scholars are genuinely uncertain of the outcome. Unlike issues such as abortion and gun control, Supreme Court justices’ views on copyright are seldom scrutinized during the appointment process, making it harder to predict how they’ll rule.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that___
A. the copyright case is more complicated than the case of abortion or gun control.
B. the stance of Justices on the abortion is much harder than that on copyright.
C. the legal scholars are familiar with the justices’ views on abortion or gun control.
D. Google v. Oracle case makes it harder to predict justices’ ruling on copyright.

Part 1

What makes Google v. Oracle still more intriguing is that legal scholars are genuinely uncertain of the outcome.

詞匯

Google v. Oracle 一看V這個符號就應該知道這是一個案件的名稱，
Kevin V. Coca-Cola (凱文訴訟可口可樂案)
-intriguing 有意思，使人好奇，耐人尋味

genuinely 真的

句子決議
What makes Google v. Oracle still more intriguing （主語從句）is that legal scholars are genuinely uncertain of the outcome（表語從句）.

參考譯文：
使谷歌-甲骨文案更耐人尋味的是，法學專家真的不確定結果如何，

Part 2

Unlike issues such as abortion and gun control, Supreme Court justices’ views on copyright are seldom scrutinized during the appointment process, making it harder to predict how they’ll rule.

詞匯

scrutinize 審查

appointment process 任命流程

stance n. 姿態；位置；立場；準備擊球姿勢

句子決議

Unlike Kevin，Tom have read this book.
（說明Kevin沒有讀過這本書！）

It 是形式賓語= to predict how they’ll rule

參考譯文
與墮胎和槍支管制等問題不同，最高法院大法官的任命程序中極少審查他們對著作權的看法，這令預測他們如何裁決更加困難，

思考題決議：
It can be inferred from the text that___ 
從文中可以推斷出___
A. the copyright case is more complicated than the case of abortion or gun control.
（著作權案件比墮胎或槍支管制案件更復雜，）
文章沒有說過這個案件更復雜，只是說不知道法官會怎么判決，
B. the stance of Justices on the abortion is much harder than that on copyright. 
（法官對墮胎的立場比對著作權的立場要強硬的得多，）
法官的態度不得而知，所以根本說不上更強硬，
C. the legal scholars are familiar with the justices’ views on abortion or gun control. 
（法律學者熟悉大法官們對墮胎和控槍的看法，）
正確，對應第二句：“與墮胎和槍支管制等問題不同，最高法院大法官的任命程序中極少審查他們對著作權的看法，”正話反說，說明大法官們對于墮胎和控槍的態度在任命的時候是受過總統審查的，而且一定會公布的，比如奧巴馬作為左派的民主黨總統，在任命大法官的時候就是確定這位法官是反對持槍支持墮胎的，所以只要任命一公布，學者們就知道這個法官對于這兩件事的態度，我知道大家確實吃了沒文化的虧，明天給大家復盤介紹美國的左派和右派！

D. Google v. Oracle case makes it harder to predict justices’ ruling on copyright. 
谷歌訴甲骨文案使得法官在著作權問題上的裁決更加難以預測，
（這是一個典型的拼多多）
第二句是的：making it harder to predict how they’ll rule.
一定要知道是什么make！
“與墮胎和槍支管制等問題不同，最高法院大法官的任命程序中極少審查他們對著作權的看法，這令預測他們如何裁決更加困難，”

文章來源背景和來源：
Tech’s Trial of the Century
科技之世紀審判
Source:https://fortune.com/2020/02/17/google-oracle-supreme-court-case-apis/
背景：本月24日，美國最高法院將開庭審理數十年來最重要的技術案件——谷歌和甲骨文的API著作權訴訟案，其結果要么為未來的創新提供保障，要么給一家無法無天的科技巨頭一記猛擊；當然，對結果的解讀取決于你的立場，甲骨文認為谷歌在未獲得著作權許可的情況下，在安卓開發中使用了37個Java API，侵犯了自己的知識產權，而谷歌則認為API——應用程式介面——不應受到著作權保護，簡單來說就是，甲骨文指責谷歌是小偷，谷歌反駁說“我造福社會，你是攔路的強盜”，兩家公司近十年來在起訴-判決-不服-上訴的回圈斗爭中不斷升級，終于來到最高法院的門前，但這次一錘定音的審判結果極難預測，一方面，程式代碼的著作權保護例來極具爭議性，另一方面，大法官們年紀都比較大，對技術的了解相對不足，而且他們對著作權保護的立場也從未被審視過，

2020/3/8

Day 25

On a deeper level, the gig economy is erasing what was for many the traditional goal of working: to buy free time. Instead we are being seduced and coerced into thinking that it is good to commercialize our leisure time and possessions.

思考題：
What is the author’s attitude towards the gig economy?
A.neutral
B.supportive
C.critical
D.amazing

Part 1

On a deeper level, the gig economy is erasing what was for many the traditional goal of working: to buy free time.

詞匯：

erase 去除，抹去

句子決議
On a deeper level,the gig economy is erasing what was for many the traditional goal of working（賓語從句）: to buy free time.

參考譯文：
從更深的層次來看，零時經濟抹去了許多人的傳統作業目標：賺取空閑時間，

Part 2

Instead we are being seduced and coerced into thinking that it is good to commercialize our leisure time and possessions.

詞匯

seduce v. 引誘；慫恿

coerce v.強制，強迫，脅迫，迫使

commercialize vt. (尤指不擇手段地)利用…牟利;商業化

possessions n. 財產，所有物

句子決議
Instead we are being seduced and coerced into thinking that it is good to commercialise our leisure time and possessions.（賓語從句）

參考譯文：
相反，我們被傭訓和挾持，陷入這樣一種思維，即商品化閑暇和財產對我們有好處，

思考題決議：
A.neutral（中立的）
作者對零時經濟的反對態度是鮮明的，
從“erase“”seduce“”coerce“這些帶有貶義的詞就能看出，所以A錯，
你是吃了不認識單詞感情色彩的虧！
B.supportive (支持的)
顯然作者不支持
作者雖然觀點明確，但并不情緒化，故不選B，
C.  critical（批判性的）
兩個句子就深挖了零時經濟的消極社會影響，帶有批判性，故C對，
D. amazing （驚訝）
這個詞是個正態度的詞，即使你不知道是正態度的，這里也沒有資訊支持這個選項，所以不對！

文章來源背景和來源：
The Guardian view on the gig economy: stop making burnout a lifestyle
【衛報觀點】零時經濟：別把過勞當成生活方式
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/dec/30/the-guardian-view-on-the-gig-economy-stop-making-burnout-a-lifestyle
背景：零工經濟(Gig Economy) 什么是零工經濟,零工經濟指的是由作業量不多的自由職業者構成的經濟領域，利用互聯網和移動技術快速匹配供需方，主要包括群體作業和經應用程式接洽的按需作業兩種方式，美國學者黛安娜·馬爾卡希在《零工經濟》一書中這樣描述零工經濟時代的作業方式：用時間短、靈活的作業形式，取代傳統的朝九晚五作業形式，包括咨詢顧問、承接協定、兼職作業、臨時作業、自由職業、個體經營、副業，以及通過自由職業平臺找到的短工，優步是零時經濟的名片企業，它的商業模式是靠補助低價出行掃平所有競爭者，從而建立市場壟斷地位，雖然從來沒有營利過，但這家企業的創始人還是在優步上市后成為了億萬富翁，然而優步司機們卻付出了沉重的代價，資料顯示他們的平均每小時收入是5英鎊，而政府規定的員工最低時薪是8.21英鎊，社交網路的發展讓調動勞動力變得容易，在一定程度上讓失業率數字變得喜人，但勞動者的實際時薪不升反降，更讓一種“時刻待工“”休息就是犯罪“的不良風氣流行起來，要作業，也要有生活，別讓零時經濟搶走我們所有的時間，

Day 26

Instead, Harari predicts that the key skills they need to survive and thrive in the 21st century will be emotional intelligence (it is still difficult to imagine a computer caring for a sick person or a child), and the ability to deal with change. If we can predict nothing else about the future, we know that it is going to involve a rapidly accelerating pace of change, from the growth of AI to a warming climate. Coping with this level of uncertainty will require adaptability and psychological resilience.

思考題：
Harari believes that to be successful in the future one has to__.
A.have hands-on experience in the caring industry
B.command the ability to memorize tons of new facts
C.be highly skillful at a range of different professions
D.be able to persist in the face of unpleasant events

Part 1

句子決議
Instead, Harari predicts that the key skills they need to survive and thrive in the 21st century 定語從句will be emotional intelligence賓語從句 (it is still difficult to imagine a computer caring for a sick person or a child順便舉個例), and the ability to deal with change賓語從句并列部分.

參考譯文：
相反，赫拉利預測，在21世紀生存和發展所需的關鍵技能將是情商（仍然很難想象用電腦照顧病人或孩子）以及應變能力，

Part 2

If we can predict nothing else about the future, we know that it is going to involve a rapidly accelerating pace of change, from the growth of AI to a warming climate.

詞匯

involve vt. 包含；牽涉；使陷于；潛心于

accelerating adj. 加速的,促進的;催化的

pace n. 步速; 計劃進度

參考譯文：
雖然我們無法預測未來，但我們知道未來的變化步伐將急劇加速，從人工智能的發展到氣候變暖，不一而足，

Part 3

Coping with this level of uncertainty will require adaptability and psychological resilience.

詞匯

psychological adj. 心理的; 精神的

resilience n. 彈回;彈性

參考譯文：
應對這種程度的不確定性需要適應力和心理韌性，

思考題決議：
Harari believes that to be successful in the future one has to______.
(整段話都可以認為這是他的觀點)
A. have hands-on experience in the caring industry
（在護理行業有實際經驗）
A選項錯誤，這個太局限了吧，文中只是一個例子！
B. command the ability to memorize tons of new facts
（掌握記憶無數新事實的能力）
B選項錯誤,文中可沒有這么說！
C. be highly skillful at a range of different professions（
在一系列不同的職業上都技藝高超）
C選項錯誤，文中也沒有這么說，
D. be able to persist in the face of unpleasant events
（能面對不愉快的事件仍堅持不懈）
D選項正確，對應的就是最后一句！
以及這個段落的主題！都在說情商的問題！
只要這個選項和情商也關系！

文章來源背景和來源：
Instead of rote learning useless facts, children should be taught wellbeing
與其教孩子死背無用的事實，不如教他們幸福
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/02/instead-rote-learning-useless-facts-children-need-taught-wellbeing
背景：以色列歷史學家、暢銷書作家尤瓦爾·諾亞·赫拉利（Yuval Noah Harari）在《21世紀的21堂課》中預測，到2050年，所有基于資訊的職業，不管是在新聞行業還是在醫藥行業，都會陷入“存亡”危機，新時代的年輕人傍以進身的本領將不再是傳統的學術技能，比如解方程式或學習代碼，這些技能將會被淘汰，因為未來的電腦在這些領域會比人類做得更快、更好，相反，真正硬核的未來能力不是智商，而是情商和應對變化的抗逆力，赫拉利認為，將來人類的作業將集中在那些看似缺少技術之光的地方，比如藝術、護理和兒童教育，另外，他也呼吁教育體系能朝培養批判性思維和創新力的方向改革；在一個被無用資訊淹沒的未來世界中，清晰就是力量（Clarity is power），

Day 27

In November 2013, venture capitalist Aileen Lee published an article coining the term “unicorn” to describe a startup that’s less than a decade old and worth at least $1bn. She chose the word carefully, to convey a mix of rarity and magic power. What Lee seemingly didn’t anticipate was that just a few years later it would have become a misnomer: these days there’s nothing rare about unicorns.

思考題：
At present, the term “unicorn” ___.
A.aptly captures the traits of tech startup
B.has been too overused to be accurate
C.is known to be a chosen word by linguists
D.has been used wrongly by entrepreneurs

Part 1

In November 2013, venture capitalist Aileen Lee published an article coining the term “unicorn” to describe a startup that’s less than a decade old and worth at least $1bn.

詞匯

capitalist n. 資本家投資人

coining v. 創造(新詞語)

term 術語

參考譯文：
2013年11月，風險投資家艾琳·李（Aileen Lee）發表文章，首創“獨角獸”一詞來描述成立不到十年、市值超過10億美元的初創企業，

Part 2

She chose the word carefully, to convey a mix of rarity and magic power.

詞匯

a mix of 混合

參考譯文：
她謹慎地選用了這個詞，來同時表達稀有和“魔力”，

Part 3

What Lee seemingly didn’t anticipate was that just a few years later it would have become a misnomer: these days there’s nothing rare about unicorns.

詞匯

anticipate 預感, 期望

misnomer n. 用詞不當；寫錯姓名；誤稱

句子決議
What Lee seemingly didn’t anticipate (主語從句）was that// 表語從句來了：just a few years later（狀語）it would have become a flagrant （臭名遠揚的）misnomer（不恰當的說法）:解釋來了： these days there’s nothing rare about unicorns.

參考譯文：
但李似乎沒有預料到，僅僅幾年后，“獨角獸”就變成了一個極其不當的誤稱：現在獨角獸已經一點都不罕見了，

思考題決議：
A. aptly captures the traits of tech startup 
(恰如其分地描述了科技初創公司的特點)
A選項錯誤，
剛好相反，已經不準確了，
B. has been too overused to be accurate (已經因過度使用而不準確)
B選項正確
對應的就是最后一句：
a misnomer: these days there’s nothing rare about unicorns. 
雖然你不認識misnomer
但你應該之后冒號后的內容！也就是不準確了！
雖然你可能覺得overuse 沒有對應，但是這個就是最佳了！
C. is known to be a chosen word by linguist (被認為是語言學家選擇的詞)
C選項錯誤，文章也沒有談到
D. has been used wrongly by entrepreneurs (被企業家錯誤地使用)
D選項錯誤，文中沒有談到！

文章來源背景和來源：
For our overhyped, overvalued tech startups, soon the reckoning will come
對于炒作過度、過于高估的科技初創公司來說，清算很快就會到來
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/03/overhyped-overvalued-tech-startups
背景：“獨角獸”一詞最早由美國著名投資人艾琳·李用來分類估值10億美元以上的初創企業，隨后這個新概念迅速流行于硅谷，并席卷全球，雖然這個詞剛開始帶有“稀缺”的意思，但到了現在獨角獸企業不再少見，2019年，就有142家新公司達到10億美元估值的標準，令獨角獸的總數膨脹至500家，總體估值2萬億美元，這讓“獨角獸”一詞顯得非常不恰當，初創企業的普遍高估值顯著表明，目前國際經濟又一次進入非理性繁榮，也許對于工資上漲停滯的普通人來說，這聽起來有些不可思議，但商業界實際上現金泛濫，在超過一半未償政府債券負利率的全球背景下，投資者輕而易舉地就把錢投給了硅谷那些閃亮的新企業，所以，我們現在常常看到非常荒謬的高估值，

Day 28

Charles Darwin’s place in the scientific pantheon is deservedly secure, but he made his share of blunders. One of the gravest was maintaining that the effects of natural selection, the key link of evolution, could not be observed in a single human lifetime.

思考題：
According to the author, the effects of natural selection__.
A) were mistakes made by Charles Darwin
B) can be detected within decades years
C) have been condemned by researchers
D) were always invisible to the naked eye

Part 1

Charles Darwin’s place in the scientific pantheon is deservedly secure, but he made his share of blunders.

詞匯

pantheon 萬神殿；名人堂

blunder n. (因無知、粗心等造成)的錯誤

deservedly adv. 應得地;當然地

secure adj. 牢固的; 可靠的

參考譯文：
查爾斯·達爾文在科學萬神殿中的地位當之無愧，但他也犯了一些錯誤，

Part 2

One of the gravest was maintaining that the effects of natural selection, the key link of evolution, could not be observed in a single human lifetime.

詞匯

grave 嚴重
maintain 堅持; 主張

參考譯文：
其中最嚴重的是：堅持自然選擇的影響——進化的關鍵——不可能在個人短暫的一生中被觀察到，

思考題決議：
According to the author, the effects of natural selection__.
作者認為，自然選擇的效果（進化論）：
A.were mistakes made by Charles Darwin
（達爾文犯的錯）
文中說達爾文雖然已經封神且地位不容動搖，但他也犯了一些錯，其中一個就是認為進化的影響不可能在人短暫的生命跨度中被觀察到，
但不能說自然選擇的效果是達爾文犯的錯啊！
B.can be detected within decades of years. 
（能在幾十年的時間中被識別）
“進化的影響不可能在人短暫的生命跨度中被觀察到”既然是錯的，那么也就是進化的影響可能在這個時間段中被觀測到，人生一世，幾十春秋，完成替換！所以正確答案是B，（A說B錯，這是不對的，=B對）
C.have been condemned by researchers（已經被研究員批判）
文章不僅沒有提到，記住題干主語是自然選擇的效果，所以C錯誤，
D.were always invisible to the naked eye（會一直無法用肉眼識別）
文章沒有提到，同時，達爾文是通過肉眼考察世界上許多地區的動植物特性后寫出《物種起源》的，不要慣性思維地認為重大的科學發現一定依賴于高大上的儀器，說到底還是靠腦子，D選項也錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
How Cities Reshape the Evolutionary Path of Urban Wildlife
城市如何重塑城市野生動物的進化軌跡
Source: https://www.wired.com/story/urban-wildlife-evolution-climate-change/
背景：鴿子、老鼠、蜥蜴，這些城市動物的進化和它們的鄉野同類越來越不同，也讓它們快速地適應了不利的棲息環境，科學家近年來對“城市進化”這個領域的興趣與日俱增，因為不管人類的行為怎樣大幅地改變了某些生物的生存環境，它們都能存活，甚至旺盛生長，這些生物的進化速度之快不僅推翻了達爾文關于進化很難在一代人的時間內發生的假設，也為人類如何更好地適應氣候變化提供了一個新的研究方向，

2020/3/10

Day 29

When it comes to building tools that help solve the world’s truly wicked problems, it’s the older visionaries who’ll get it done. Consider the recent findings of a group of academics from MIT who examined the success rates of startups. When they homed in on elite “high-growth” tech firms, they discovered the average age of the founders was 45.

It can be learned from the passage that_____
(A) people’s age plays the pivotal role in startups’ success.
(B) the old vision will help the sound growth of tech firms
(C) the wicked problems can be addressed without elites
(D) the success of startups is determined by research findings.

Part 1

When it comes to building tools that help solve the world’s truly wicked problems, it’s the older visionaries who’ll get it done.

句子決議：
When it comes to building tools that help solve the world’s truly wicked problems, it’s the older visionaries（這是一個強調句） who’ll get it done.

詞匯

visionary 有遠見的人

wicked adj. 棘手的

參考譯文：
一旦到要構建工具來解決真正棘手的世界性難題時，能成事的是那些年紀稍大又有遠見的人，

Part 2

Consider the recent findings of a group of academics from MIT who examined the success rates of startups.

參考譯文：
思考一下麻省理工學院的學者最近一個調查的結果；這個調查研究了初創企業的成功率，

Part 3

When they homed in on elite “high-growth” tech firms, they discovered the average age of the founders was 45.

詞匯

home in on 專注于…

elite n. 〈法〉精華,精銳,中堅分子

參考譯文：
他們在關注“高增長”的精英科技公司時發現，創始人的平均年齡是45歲，

思考題決議：
It can be learned from the passage that_____ 
(A) people’s age plays the pivotal role in startups’ success. 
人的年紀在創業公司的成功中扮演的重要的角色，
“一旦到要構建工具來解決真正棘手的世界性難題時，能成事的是那些年紀稍大又有遠見的人，” 還有最后一句：the average age of the founders was 45.  對了這個語境下高速成長的科技公司=startups; 這樣的概念沒有明確去區分就是同義改寫，
所以可以知道A選項就是正確選項！
 (B) the old vision will help the sound growth of tech firms 
老的視野能幫助科技公司健康發展，
older visionaries不等于old vision 
年紀稍大又有遠見的人他們有的不一定是old vision (老的視野)，說不定視野很新！
(C) the wicked problems can be addressed without elites 
沒有精英，這些棘手的問題也能解決，
文章沒有提到，所以屬于Not Given.所以不選！
(D) the success of startups is determined by research findings.  
創業公司的成功是由研究成果決定的，
文章沒有提到，所以屬于Not Given.所以不選！

文章來源背景和來源：
Old School
老派
Source: https://www.wired.com/story/most-successful-entrepreneurs-middle-aged/
背景：2007年，22歲的扎克伯格在Y Combinator創業公司學校的一次演講中說：創業要趁早，技術行業里橫著走的都20多，時間并沒有證明他的話，我們一邊看著山呼海嘯的假訊息席卷社交網路，一邊想讓這些傲慢而青澀的極客重塑公共空間是不是太不妥了，年輕人雖然在技術上思維敏捷，但缺少真實世界的經歷，他們對網路暴力、流量注水和假新聞泛濫毫無準備，于是，有了我們現在的網路生態，MIT的一個研究發現，與市面上流傳的創業神話不同，高增長初創企業創造人的平均年齡在45歲左右，他們擁有更強的人際交往能力，視野更加全面，不像年輕創業者那樣有許多盲點，想想喬布斯，他20多歲的時候參與創辦蘋果公司，但直到他51歲執掌iPhone的設計后，蘋果才真正發展成為一個影響世界的科技巨頭，

Day 30

Many of today’s younger workers – who make up almost half of the US workforce – grew up in a world of diplomas for graduating fourth grade, likes for Facebook comments, rewards for behaving well at parties and even medals when their little league teams finished last. It is also a generation that wants to be heard and wants to work for bosses that respect their feedback.

思考題：
What can be said of the younger generation of workers?
A. They are at fault for making an unstable workforce.
B. They are not as competent as the older workers.
C. They are raised in an accommodating environment.
D. They have become bored of rewards and medals.

Part 1

詞匯

diplomas n. 畢業文憑；學位證書；執照

medals n. 獎章；勛章

league n. 聯盟；社團；范疇

參考譯文：
現在許多年輕工人（幾乎占美國勞動力的一半）在這樣一個世界中成長：四年級畢業就能拿到文憑，臉書上發表的評論會被點贊，即使在聚會上表現好也能得到獎勵，甚至所在的球隊在小聯賽中拿最后一名也能獲得獎杯，

Part 2

It is also a generation that wants to be heard and wants to work for bosses that respect their feedback.

句子決議
It（代詞之前的一代人，） is also a generation that wants to be heard and wants to work for bosses （定語從句） that respect their feedback（定語從句）.

參考譯文：
這代人同時也希望被傾聽，希望為尊重他們反饋的老板作業，

思考題決議：
A. They are at fault for making an unstable workforce.
（他們對勞動力不穩定負有責任）
沒有提到！是不是不知道be at fault for sth=對...負有責任
A選項錯誤，
B. They are not as competent as the older workers.
（他們沒有老一輩的工人稱職）
文中沒有提到B選項錯誤，
C. They are raised in an accommodating environment.
（他們成長在一個友好的環境中）
作者說年輕一代在成長程序中總能獲利各種獎勵和贊美，與成長在“友好的環境中”意見相近，C選項正確，
D. They have become bored of rewards and medals.
（他們已經厭倦了獎勵和獎章）
雖然有可能，但是文中沒有提到，也沒法通過任何表述推理出來，D選項錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
Take the time to talk to your employees – or they may not stick around
花點時間和員工交流——不然他們也許不會留下來
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/feb/16/employees-feedback-leave-job-small-business
背景：對于一家小企業來說，失去一位關鍵員工可能是毀滅性的打擊，那么想想更可怕的情況：失去三分之二的員工，北美一項年度調查發現，只有三分之一的受訪者表示會留在當前的崗位，他們認為雇傭者要么“很糟糕”要么“一般般”，企業管理者若想吸引新一代工人，必須改變老式的互動模式，即平時缺少交流，只在年度考核時才讓員工提意見，這一代年輕人在成長程序中一直備受關注和鼓勵，這是件好事，他們因而更加自信，更有勇氣，也更具創新能力，但需要同時升級的是企業主的管理理念，在作業環境中更多地鼓勵和認可，平時多方面與員工交流，傾聽和采納意見都是值得一試的做法，

2020/3/11

Day 31

Nurses are often put on a pedestal when things go right, and blamed when things go wrong, but too often they are simply not part of the conversation. The longstanding view that care is a naturally feminine skill or characteristic overlooks and devalues the high levels of skill and professionalism nurses have.

思考題：
The author implies in the text that nurses are often__.
A.the ones accountable for mistakes
B.promoted for professional expertise
C.the scapegoats when accidents occur
D.treated as someone with good career

Part 1

Nurses are often put on a pedestal when things go right, and blamed when things go wrong, but too often they are simply not part of the conversation.

詞匯

pedestal n. 基架，基座；基礎

put sb on a pedestal 把某人當偶像崇拜

conversation n. 交談, 談話, 會話

句子決議
Nurses are often put on a pedestal （固定搭配，被崇拜））when things go right, and blamed when things go wrong, but too often they are simply not part of the conversation.

參考譯文：一切順利的時候，護士常常被當成偶像膜拜；一出差子，他們就會被責備，但他們往往完全沒有發言權，

Part 2

The longstanding view that care is a naturally feminine skill or characteristic overlooks and devalues the high levels of skill and professionalism nurses have.

詞匯

longstanding adj. 長時間的；長期存在的
devalues vt. 使貶值；降低…的價值

參考譯文：
長期以來，護理被認為是一種天然的女性技能或特征，這種看法忽視和低估了護士的高水平技能和專業精神，

思考題決議：
A. the ones accountable for mistakes（對錯誤負有責任）
文中說一有問題，護士就會被責備，但不能說護士們是對錯誤負有責任的人，A選項錯誤，
B. promoted for professional expertise（因為專業能力被提拔）
文中說護士的專業能力常常被忽視，因此可知她們也很難因為專業能力被提拔，B選項錯誤，
C. the scapegoats when accidents occur（事故發生后的替罪羊）
從選項A的決議可得出，護士常常是替罪羊，C選項正確，
D. treated as someone with good career（被當作擁有遠大前程的人對待）
文中說護士常常被忽視和低估，所以其實大部分人并不是太把護士當成有潛力的職業的，D選項錯誤，

詞匯

accountable adj. 負有責任的, 應對自己的行為做出說明的

promoted for 晉升為

scapegoats n. 代人受過的人;替罪羊

文章來源背景和來源：
Nurses have been invisible and undervalued for far too long
護士們被無視和低估太久了
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2020/jan/29/nurses-invisible-devalued-women-inequality-change
背景：護士無疑是當代社會最被低估的職業之一，平日無事時，人們從不吝嗇贊美，被捧成偶像被視為天使，但治療一出現問題就會被多方責難，然而實際上，護士通常沒有什么話語權，雖然護士實際上是一個自主、對安全至關重要的純技術性崗位，但卻擺脫不了醫生的女性幫手這一刻板印象，同時女護士的晉升空間非常有限，雖然90%的護士都是女性，但是在管理崗位只有少于三分之一是女性，不管護士崗位的缺口有多大，也不管供需多么失衡，若結構性歧視不能在根本上被改變，護士在作業量、收入和事業發展機會上都仍將忍受顯著的不公，

Day 32

Last October, the University of Nottingham advertised a ￡9.65-an-hour role for a temporary worker to monitor the overflow live stream for first-year law students. Overflow rooms typically accommodate large audiences when well-known figures give public lectures. All the named universities said that overflow classes were a short-term arrangement to cover busy periods at the beginning of the academic year.

思考題：
Why did the University of Nottingham advertise for a temporary position?
A.To teach temporarily first-year law students.
B.To serve the large audiences in overflow rooms.
C.To escort and assist the well-known figures.
D.To promote online courses for the law school.

Part 1

Last October, the University of Nottingham advertised a ￡9.65-an-hour role for a temporary worker to monitor the overflow live stream for first-year law students.

詞匯

overflow : 超員的，多的
live stream 現場直播

參考譯文：
去年10月，諾丁漢大學發布了一個每小時9.65英鎊的臨時工職位，負責監控大法律系大一學生的“超員”直播課，

Part 2

Overflow rooms typically accommodate large audiences when well-known figures give public lectures.

詞匯

accommodate vt. 容納

參考譯文：
名人進行公開演講時，通常用超員教室來容納大量聽眾，

Part 3

All the named universities said that overflow classes were a short-term arrangement to cover busy periods at the beginning of the academic year.

參考譯文：
所有提及的大學都表示，超員教室只是短期安排，以應付學年初的繁忙時段，

思考題決議：
A. To teach temporarily first-year law students（臨時教大一的法學學生）
諾丁漢大學招臨時工，是為了有人管理超員直播課，A選項錯誤，
B. To serve the large audiences in overflow rooms（為超員教室的眾多觀眾服務）
管理直播課也能說為超員課堂的學生服務，B選項正確，（monitor在這里替換為serve沒毛病！）
C. To escort and assist the well-known figures（陪同和服務名人）
干擾項，文中解釋了超員課堂通常的用途是名人演講，但沒說這個臨時崗和名人的關系，C選項錯誤，
D. To promote online courses for the law school（為法學院的線上課程宣傳）
文中沒有說臨時空缺的職責是宣傳線上課程，D選項錯誤，

詞匯

escort n. 陪同；護送者；護航艦；護衛隊

文章來源背景和來源：
No room for you in lectures, top universities tell first-year students
頂尖大學告訴大一學生，“講座里沒有你的位置，“
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/15/students-in-top-universities-told-no-room-for-you-in-lectures
背景：英國多所頂尖大學近來出現了勸學生看直播課的怪現象，曼徹斯特大學的學生在600人課堂上數學課時被告知可以去咖啡館或者旁邊的大禮堂看YouTube直播課，不用搶座擠位，很多學生表示，學校這種唯利是圖的做法嚴重損害了學生的利益，好不容易擠進課堂的學生面對攢動的人頭無法集中注意力，而看視頻的學生則無法和老師有效地互動，大學則解釋，直播課只是忙碌時期的特別應對措施，并不是常態，

2020/3/12

Day 33

These crises, industry insiders say, spring from a culture that consistently put short-term rewards to shareholders ahead of engineering-driven decisions and long-term strategy. For all of Boeing’s business coups and innovation, one stark statistic has come to symbolize the company’s priorities: Over the past six years, Boeing spent $43.4 billion on stock buybacks, compared with $15.7 billion on research and development for commercial airplanes.

思考題：
According to industry insiders, Boeing_______.
A.has an existing culture of corruption and fraud.
B.has given priority to engineering-driven decisions.
C.has put stock price before engineering research.
D.has given small rewards to shareholder and strategy.

Part 1

These crises, industry insiders say, spring from a culture that consistently put short-term rewards to shareholders ahead of engineering-driven decisions and long-term strategy.

詞匯

insiders n. 局內人；內部人員
consistently adv. 一貫地;堅持地；固守地
put A ahead of B 把A放在B前面
spring 泉, 源泉
shareholders n. 股東

句子決議
These crises, industry insiders say（主謂充當插入語）, spring from a culture that consistently put short-term rewards to shareholders ahead of engineering-driven decisions and long-term strategy（定語從句）.

參考譯文：
業內人士表示，這些危機源于一種始終將短期股東利益放在工程決策和長期戰略之前的文化，

Part 2

For all of Boeing’s business coups and innovation, one stark statistic has come to symbolize the company’s priorities:

詞匯

coup n. 政變,努力辦到難辦的事;
stark adj. 僵硬的, 光禿禿的, 荒涼的
symbolize vt. 象征;作為…的象征
n. 優先；優先權；優先次序；優先考慮的事

參考譯文：
對于波音所有的業務變革和創新，統計數字已經鮮明地代表了其優先事項：

Part 3

Over the past six years, Boeing spent $43.4 billion on stock buybacks, compared with $15.7 billion on research and development for commercial airplanes.

詞匯

buybacks 回購
commercial adj. 商業的, 商務的

參考譯文：在過去的六年中，波音公司花費434億美元進行股票回購，而在商用飛機上的研發支出是157億美元，

思考題決議：
According to industry insiders, Boeing_______.
據業內人士稱，波音公司，
A. has an existing culture of corruption and fraud.
存在腐敗和欺詐的文化，
這倒沒有提到，雖然這家公司確實很爛，不選，
B. has given priority to engineering-driven decisions. 
優先考慮工程驅動的決策，
這個原文是矛盾的，就再去看看我的句子分析，你切分錯了！
C. has put stock price before engineering research. 
（將股票價格放在工程研究之前）
重股價，輕研發！輕長期戰略！這就是波音公司的罪！
曾經的美帝榮光！今日的傷！正確答案就是這個！
D. has given small rewards to shareholder and strategy. 
給股東的回報是短期回報，至于多少就不知道了，
給戰略的回報多少也沒有說，
其實這個選項就是一個拼多多，就是我把這些詞拼起來的，但意思和原文無關或相反，屬于視覺干擾你的，

文章來源背景和來源：
Boeing’s Long Descent
波音的長期下行
Source:https://fortune.com/longform/boeing-737-max-crisis-shareholder-first-culture/
背景：在一年前開啟的波音737Max危機中，軟體故障導致兩架飛機墜毀，346人喪生，在隨后的多次檢查中，737Max被發現油箱內有異物碎片，安裝不合格零部件，因此兩次被美國政府開出罰單，總金額超過900萬美元，至令波音公司仍未走出自已一手造就的危機，737Max還處于全球停飛的狀態，業界人士普遍認為，波音的困境出自于企業文化的墮落，而其平庸化則源自1997年對麥道公司的收購，這場并購讓麥道的管理層實質上接管了波音（這是個經典的“引狼入室”并購案），使公司的重點從工程技術轉向以金融手段博取短期利益，近年來波音不斷通過股票回購推高股價，成為華爾街的寵兒，但在研發上的支出卻相形見絀，過去20多年只推出了一款全新飛機787，波音已經不是當初那家不計成本研發飛機的制造企業，它是否能重新找回工程之心，走出當下的困境？

Day 34

Companies are delegating considerable HR responsibility to machines, and the list of personnel tasks in which A.I. plays a role is likely only to grow. Low unemployment and tight labor markets are putting employers under pressure to take any technological advantage they can get in the war for talent.

思考題：
We can learn from the passage that______
A.companies will recruit more HR staff in the war for talent.
B.A.I. will make labor employment much cheaper.
C.machines will replace personnel in the war for talent.
D.employers will use more A.I. help in the war for talent.

Part 1

Companies are delegating HR considerable responsibility to machines, and the list of personnel tasks in which A.I. plays a role is likely only to grow.

詞匯決議：

delegate ：委派，分配
personnel ：人事的
considerable adj. 相當大(或多)的

參考譯文：
企業將大量人力資源責任派給機器，人工智能參與的人事任務清單可能只會越來越長，

Part 2

Low unemployment and tight labor markets are putting employers under pressure to take any technological advantage they can get in the war for talent.

詞匯

unemployment n. 失業
employers n. 雇主，老板
Put sb under pressure 給某人帶來壓力
the war for talent 人才大戰

參考譯文：
低失業率和緊俏的勞動力市場給雇主帶來壓力，要求他們在人才之戰中利用任何他們能用到的技術優勢，

思考題決議：
We can learn from the passage that______
A. companies will recruit more HR staff in the war for talent. 
企業將在人才爭奪戰中招聘更多的人力資源人員，
這個和第二句矛盾，不是使用更多的員工，而是使用更多的技術，
B. A.I. will make labor employment much cheaper. 
A.I.將使勞動力更便宜，
這個文章中沒有說到，排除！
C. machines will replace personnel in the war for talent. 
在爭奪人才的戰爭中，機器將取代人員，
這個也沒有說到，排除！
D. employers will use more A.I. help in the war for talent. 
雇主將在人才爭奪戰中使用更多的人工智能幫助，
第二句中的：take any technological advantage= use more A.I. help 在這個語境中AI就等于技術優勢；“利用任何”就等于使用更多，正確！

文章來源背景和來源：
Siri, Did I Ace the Interview?
Siri，我通過面試了么？
Source: https://fortune.com/longform/hr-technology-ai-hiring-recruitment/
背景：世界許多大公司正在使用人工智能技術來幫助構建更強大的人力資源，一位卡夫食品的招聘主管說，自己負責的40到50個職位總共能收到12000份申請，所以不得不借力于線上游戲來助力篩選，候選人需要花半個小時完成Pymetrics開發的認知和行為測驗游戲，一些人事專家認為，智能招聘演算法可以避免一些人類易犯的偏見，更客觀全面地評價求職者，但一些實際的例子警示我們，機器學習系統的客觀程度和訓練它們的資料相關，演算法延續現實世界偏見的風險極高，亞馬遜曾耗時數年建設一種簡歷分析演算法，但最后卻因結果顯著歧視女性而從未投入使用，由于大多數用來訓練演算法的真實簡歷都是男性的，所以演算法最終形成了男性更優秀的錯誤邏輯，

2020/3/14

Day 35

For decades the holy grail of AI for education has been the creation of an autonomous tutor: an algorithm that can monitor students’ progress, understand what they know and what motivates them, and provide an optimal, adaptive learning experience. However, autonomous tutors of 2020 look quite different from this ideal. Education with auto-tutors usually engages students with problems designed to be easy for the algorithm to interpret—as opposed to joyful for the learner.

思考題：
The author holds that AI for education _______.
A. missed its original purpose
B. makes students sad and down
C. is no longer the holy grail of AI
D. is not suitable for the algorithm

Part 1

詞匯

holy adj. 神圣的, 圣潔的
grail n. 杯；大盤；圣杯（（比喻某個領域最高的成就）
tutor n. 導師
optimal 最佳的
adaptive 自適應的
algorithm 演算法

句子決議
For decades （狀語） the holy grail of AI for education （定語）has been the creation of an autonomous tutor: an algorithm（同位語指代前面的autonomous tutor） that can monitor students’ progress, understand what they know and what motivates them, and provide an optimal, adaptive learning experience.（定語從句）

參考譯文：
幾十年來，造出自主型私教一直是教育人工智能的“圣杯”——一種能監控學生的學習進度，了解他們的知識水平及什么能激勵他們，并提供最佳的自適應學習體驗，

Part 2

However, autonomous tutors of 2020 look quite different from this ideal.

參考譯文：
但是，2020年的自主型私教看起來與這一理想大相徑庭，

Part 3

Education with auto-tutors usually engages students with problems designed to be easy for the algorithm to interpret—as opposed to joyful for the learner.

詞匯

engages 吸引
interpret 解釋
as opposed to 而不是
engage sb with/in sth: 使某人從事，參加或做…

句子決議
Education with auto-tutors usually engages students with problems designed to be easy for the algorithm to interpret—as opposed to（而不是） joyful (problems 補全 ) for the learner.

參考譯文：
用自主型私教的教育通常讓學生處理一些演算法容易解釋的問題（designed to就不翻譯了，這樣更通順，意思也沒變，），而不是那些給學習者帶來樂趣的問題，

思考題決議：
作者認為教育中的人工智能，
A. missed its original purpose
A.沒達到最初的目的
結合第一句和第二句就知道教育中的人工智能沒有達到最初的目的，
第三句就在解釋和說明，其實可以不看第三句了，
出題人想法就是用第三句出干擾選項了，
B. makes students sad and down
B.讓學生傷心失望
沒有設計帶給學生歡樂的問題，也不能說是讓學生傷心失望吧，
還有一種可能就是學生沒有情緒的變化呢，所以不對，
C. is no longer the holy grail of AI 
C.不再是人工智能的圣杯
本來沒說這是人工智能的圣杯
也就更談不上說不再是人工智能的圣杯了，
D. is not suitable for the algorithm 
D.不適合演算法
這就是拼湊了，錯！

文章來源背景和來源：
A Vision of AI for Joyful Education
對人工智能的快樂教育愿景
Source: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/a-vision-of-ai-for-joyful-education/
背景：許多人將人工智能工具視作提升教育質量的法寶，當然他們許多充分的理由，我們看到線上教育內容激增，智能技術的興起似乎讓大規模的個性化教育服務觸手可及，但在解決社會問題方面，技術有著糟糕的記錄，常常帶來意外的傷害，因此在為教育AI大唱贊歌之前，我們必須謹慎地考量潛在的消極影響，一方面讓工程師在更全面的視角下構建技術，一方面預先制定相應的行為規范，教育并不只是灌輸知識那么簡單，學生去學校的目的，不僅僅是掌握死的知識，還包括學習思維方式，發展社會情感能力，建立師生和同窗情誼，雖然傳統的教育系統和人類教師有很多缺陷和不足，但若貿然取代現有的結構，我們將付出不小的代價，教育這個領域和醫療一樣，是基本的社會民生事業，同樣應以希波克拉底氏誓言（Hippocratic oath）為指南：首先，請勿造成傷害，

Day 36

Unhappy shareholders made their voices heard this year too. Most notably, WeWork’s board pressured Adam Neumann to step down in an effort to salvage a troubled IPO. But the fact that more CEOs are leaving because of bad behavior doesn’t necessarily mean leadership is declining.

思考題：
According to the text, the increase of CEO turnover originates from __.
A. the loose board scrutiny
B. their poor performance
C. the declining leadership
D. the failure of IPO plan

Part 1

Unhappy shareholders made their voices heard this year too.

參考譯文：
今年不滿的股東也讓人們聽到了自己的聲音，

Part 2

Most notably, WeWork’s board pressured Adam Neumann to step down in an effort to salvage a troubled IPO.

詞匯

Salvage: 拯救
pressure：這里是動詞：敦促，迫使
in an effort to （短語）目的是為了…=in order to
troubled IPO 陷入困境的IPO (股票首次公開發行，考試的時候不會考這樣的縮寫，)
notably：值得注意的是
board 委員會, 董事會
step down 辭職

參考譯文：
最值得注意的是，WeWork的董事會迫使亞當·諾伊曼辭職，以挽救陷入困境的IPO，

Part 3

But the fact that more CEOs are leaving because of bad behavior doesn’t necessarily mean leadership is declining.

參考譯文：但事實是，越來越多的高管因不良行為而離職，并不一定意味著領導力正在下降，

思考題決議：
According to the text, the increase of CEO turnover originates from __.
根據原文，CEO離職的增加源于_____
A. the loose board scrutiny 
松散的董事會監管，

- loose: adj. 不牢固的；不精確的；寬松的；散漫的
- scrutiny：監管，監察
原文董事會的監管是加強了的，

B. their poor performance 
他們糟糕的表現
對應：bad behavior
所以正確！對，就這么明顯！
考研很多時候也有這樣的答案！

C. the declining leadership 
領導力的下降
不構成原因，
在文章中已經說了領導力沒有衰退，

D. the failure of IPO plan 
上市計劃的失敗，
這里只是一個例子，不能作為大家的原因，而且也沒說失敗，

文章來源背景和來源：
The Year of CEO Exodus
高管出走的一年
Source: https://fortune.com/2019/12/23/ceo-exodus-adam-neumann-steph-korey-larry-page/
背景：根據勞務中介公司Challenger Gray & Christmas的資料，去年12月離職的高管同比增加12%，達到1480位，比經濟危機下動蕩不安的2008年相比，只少了4位，慮及近期向好的企業表現，這個趨勢與歷史資料背離，令分析人士感到吃驚，這意味著高管們的就業前景沒有以往樂觀，消費者和股東們越來越仔細地審視他們的表現，通過多種方式表達不滿，逼迫表現欠佳的高管離任，并引入外部的新鮮血液，但相關并不意味著因果（correlation is not causation），更多高管的出局不代表當下領導力正在下降，而是我們看待高管的眼光更加嚴苛了，

2020/3/16

Day 37

In recent years, GPS has become so reliable and so ubiquitous that you can forget it’s even there—much less that it can fail. But it’s surprisingly easy, it turns out, to knock the system into disarray. The shipping industry, meanwhile, appears underprepared to cope with breakdowns and unwilling to invest in self-defense in the absence of a frightening disaster it has so far been fortunate to avoid.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that the GPS system is__.
A.particularly susceptible to the attack
B.not trustworthy in terms of positioning
C.not as widely used now as in the past
D.developed by the shipping industry

Part 1

In recent years, GPS has become so reliable and so ubiquitous that you can forget it’s even there—much less that it can fail.

詞匯

reliable adj. 可靠的, 可信賴的
ubiquitous adj. <正>普遍存在的;無處不在的
much less 更不必說，何況，更少

句子決議
In recent years, GPS has become so reliable and so ubiquitous 廣泛存在）(句子主干that +狀語從句（so... that）you can forget （that） it’s even there—(破折號相當于and)much less(更) //that （forget 的賓語從句）it can fail.

參考譯文：
近年來，全球定位系統（GPS）發展得如此可靠，應用如此廣泛，以至于你甚至忘了它的存在——更不會想到，它也會失靈

Part 2

But it’s surprisingly easy, it turns out, to knock the system into disarray.

詞匯

it turns out 事實證明
disarray n. 無秩序；雜亂；衣冠不整

參考譯文：
但事實證明，讓這個系統陷入混亂容易得令人吃驚，

Part 3

The shipping industry, meanwhile, appears underprepared to cope with breakdowns and unwilling to invest in self-defense in the absence of a frightening disaster it has so far been fortunate to avoid.

詞匯

shipping n. 海運；運送；船舶，船舶噸數
underprepared adj. 準備不足的,準備不充分的
invest vt. 投資；耗費；授予；覆寫；包圍
absence n. 缺席, 離開, 不在場

參考譯文：同時，航運業似乎在應對（系統）崩潰上準備不足，也不愿在沒有可怕災難的情況下在，在自我保護上進行投入，但迄今為止，航運業只是幸運才避免了這些可怕的災難，
但是把in the absence of翻譯為原因狀語，會更加的簡潔通順，請看：參考譯文：同時，航運業似乎在應對（系統）崩潰上準備不足，也不愿在自我保護上進行投入，因為迄今為止，航運業走運地避免了可怕的災難，

思考題決議：
(A) particularly susceptible to the attack 
(特別容易受到攻擊的傷害)
來自原文的第二句：
It’s surprisingly easy, it turns out, to knock the system into disarray. 
事實證明，讓系統陷入混亂是驚人的簡單，
正確！
我估計你是不認識susceptible這個詞，
- susceptible adj. 易受影響的; 易動感情的

(B) not trustworthy in terms of positioning
（就定位而言，不可靠）
文章沒有說到定位不可靠，錯！
(C) not as widely used now as in the past
現在不像過去那樣廣泛使用
文章沒有提到，錯！
(D) developed by the shipping industry
由航運業開發
文章沒有提到，只說了GPS的漏洞會讓航運業風險增加，錯！

文章來源背景和來源：
When GPS Gets Lost
當GPS信號丟失
Source: https://fortune.com/longform/gps-outages-maritime-shipping-industry/
背景：近兩年來，塞浦路斯海域上全球定位系統（GPS）的信號時常變得不穩定，給輪船的夜間導航造成極大不便，專家們一致表示，全球出現越來越多的GPS信號干擾事件，如在黑海的港口附近，數百船只報告GPS信號突然間轉移到數十英里的內陸；這些信號消失和錯亂的事件警示人們，GPS導航系統雖然定位技術可靠，但其實非常脆弱，極易被干擾和破壞，GPS的通用程度更讓失去信號的相關風險不容小覷，但航海業和各國政府都沒有采取相應舉措加強防護，畢竟真正的大海難發生之前，所有人都會心存僥幸；反而，只要開始應對就得投入真金白銀，希望所有的船只都能一直幸運下去，

2020/3/17

Day 38

The worsening outlook on sea-level rise is prompting a change in how people think about flooding and plan for it. “People realize that it’s just not possible to prevent all floods, so you have to learn to live with the water and accept that it will sometimes have an impact,” says Hallegatte. “We cannot live behind taller and taller walls, because at one point, the consequences of one of those walls failing becomes too big.”

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that____.
A.not all floods can be avoided
B.coastal cities will disappear
C.high walls will bring us hope
D.swim skills are now mandatory

Part 1

The worsening outlook on sea-level rise is prompting a change in how people think about flooding and plan for it.

參考譯文：海平面上升不斷惡化的前景促使人們思考洪水和計劃防洪的方式發生了變化，

Part 2

“People realize that it’s just not possible to prevent all floods, //so you have to learn to live with the water and accept that it will sometimes have an impact,” says Hallegatte.

參考譯文：
哈勒加特說：“人們意識到，不可能防止所有洪水，因此必須學會與水共生，并接納它有時會帶來沖擊這個事實，”

Part 3

“We cannot live behind taller and taller walls, because at one point, the consequences of one of those walls failing becomes too big.”

參考譯文：
“我們不能住在越來越高的墻后面，因為總有一個時刻，任何一堵墻失靈的后果都不堪設想，”

思考題決議：
A. not all floods can be avoided
不是所有洪水都能避免
A選項正確，
B. coastal cities will disappear
沿海城市將消失
沒有提及，選項錯誤，
C. high walls will bring us hope
高墻會帶給我們希望
帶來的是災難，選項錯誤，
D. swim skills are now mandatory
游泳技能現在已經是必須的了
沒有提及，選項錯誤，

文章來源背景和來源：
Five Cities That Are Vulnerable to Rising Seas
五個易受海平面上升影響的城市
Source: https://www.newsweek.com/these-five-cities-are-vulnerable-rising-seas-including-miami-new-york-1486575
背景：南極的思韋茨冰川（Thwaites Glacier）面積與美國佛羅里達州相當，若全部融化，將導致全球海平面上升3.5米，這一可怕前景讓它獲得了“末日冰川”的稱號，還有更可怕的，思韋茨冰川保護著西南極冰蓋（West Antarctica Ice Sheet）免受溫暖海水的侵蝕，西南極冰蓋全部融化能讓海平面上升61米，未來的一個世紀沿海城市面臨嚴峻挑戰，這已經是不爭的事實，我們急需改變對洪水的看法和應對措施，因為“堵”的作用非常有限，海水堤壩越高其倒塌的風險也越大，而“順”水以及和學會與水共存才是長久之道，荷蘭在這方面走在世界前列，采取了基于自然的解決方案，一方面在城市的低人口密度區域建立蓄洪空間，另一方面在高人口密度區域建立防護機制，

Day 39

In the years since Earth Day, something weird and wonderful has happened: we ingenious humans figured out how to tread more lightly on our planet, even as we become more numerous and prosperous over time. This happy phenomenon is most advanced in the richest countries, but it’s spreading around the world. Almost nobody anticipated that it would happen, and even today very few people are aware that the apparently unchallenged trade-off between human prosperity and the state of nature has been eased.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that____.
(A) there is disjunction between the real picture and our anticipation.
(B) the existence of trade-off is beyond most people’s anticipation.
(C) the environmental crisis is worse than we have expected.
(D) happy phenomenon cannot prevail in developing countries.

Part 1

詞匯

tread vt. 踏；踩；踐踏；跳；踩出
figured out 弄明白

句子決議
In the years since Earth Day, something weird and wonderful has happened: /we ingenious humans figured out how to tread more lightly on our planet(賓語從句）, even as（即使） we become more numerous and prosperous over time.

參考譯文：自（第一個）地球日以來的數年里，發生了一些奇妙的事：機智的人類弄明白了怎么在自己的星球上放輕腳步（比喻保護環境），即便隨著時間的推移，我們人數變得更多，也發展得更繁榮，

Part 2

This happy phenomenon is most advanced in the richest countries, but it’s spreading around the world.

詞匯

advanced 成熟的

參考譯文：
這種令人欣喜的現象在富裕國家進展最為成熟，但也同時在世界各地傳播，

Part 3

Almost nobody anticipated that it would happen, and even today very few people are aware that the apparently unchallenged trade-off between human prosperity and the state of nature has been eased.

詞匯

anticipate 預感, 期望
trade-off 權衡
the state of nature 大自然的狀態

參考譯文：
幾乎沒人預料到它會發生，即使在今天，也很少有人意識到，人類繁榮與大自然的狀態之間看似不可挑戰的權衡已經被緩和，

思考題決議：
It can be inferred from the text that____.
可以從文中推斷出___，
(A) there is disjunction between the real picture and our anticipation. 
（A）真實的情況和我們的預期之間存在脫節，
這是正確選項；
根據最后一句，確實真實情況和人們的預期之間存在不符，也就是存在脫節，

- disjunction n. 分離

(B) the existence of trade-off is beyond most people’s anticipation. 
（B）權衡的存在超出了大多數人的預期，
不是權衡的存在超越了預期，而是權衡的緩解超出預期，

(C) the environmental crisis is worse than we have expected. 
（C）環境危機比我們預期的更嚴重，
比我們預計的要輕，所以你選這個選項就是沒有讀懂文章，別掙扎！

(D) happy phenomenon cannot prevail in developing countries. 
（D）快樂現象不能在發展中國家盛行，
已經在開始擴散（spreading）了,所以不能生活不能盛行，排除！

文章來源背景和來源：
Growth Can Be Green
增長可以是綠色的
Source: https://www.newsweek.com/how-we-can-have-green-growth-increasing-human-population-prosperity-while-taking-better-care-1486342
背景：1970年，美國超過2萬人走上街頭，參加了歷史上首次“地球日“活動，我們現在回首看50年前，很容易理解當時的人們為何如此關注環境問題，二十世紀（尤其是戰后的幾十年）見證了人類歷史上最快速的增長，全球人口比以往任何時候增長都要快，人們生活水平不斷提高，經濟也突飛猛進，這種史無前例的增長帶來了嚴重的環境問題，人們一度認為，若要與自然和諧共存，只能反方向走“去增長”的路線，當然沒有政府采納“去增長”的政策，可是現狀如何？雖然我們仍面臨嚴峻的環境問題，但事實卻沒有當初預想得那么糟糕，重要的生活和生產資源并沒有耗竭，反而變得越來越便宜，先進的技術和激烈的市場競爭使得今天的人類能從等量的自然資源中制造更多的產品，人類和自然的關系并不是打不破的零和博弈，也許我們能夠放輕腳步，更有智慧地和自然一起繁榮，

Day 40

Sure, both Visa and MasterCard have zero-liability policies that say you won’t be held responsible for unauthorized card charges as long as you report the fraud promptly. But wording in the fine print adds a warning: to qualify, the cardholder must use care to protect the card. Could a password that’s easy to crack violate those rules?

思考題：
The zero-liability policies of Visa and MasterCard_A_.
A. arouse the concern of its interpretation
B. are to protect the authorized card use
C. intends to safeguard the cybersecurity
D. guarantee the safety and interest of users.

Part 1

Sure, both Visa and MasterCard have zero-liability policies that say you won’t be held responsible for unauthorized card charges as long as you report the fraud promptly.

詞匯

liability n. 責任, 義務; 傾向
unauthorized adj. 未經授權的;未經許可的;未經批準的
promptly adv. 敏捷地;迅速地;立即地

參考譯文：
當然，維薩和萬事達都有免責政策，即你只要及時舉報詐騙，就不用為未經授權的支出負責，

Part 2

But wording in the fine print adds a warning: to qualify, the cardholder must use care to protect the card.

詞匯

fine print 小字體印刷的內容
wording n. 表述；語法；用語；措辭

參考譯文：
但小號的細則的表述還加了一條警告：要滿足條件，持卡人須謹慎保護卡，

Part 3

Could a password that’s easy to crack violate those rules?

詞匯

crack vt. & vi. 破解，(使…)開裂, 破裂
violate vt. 違反, 違背

參考譯文：
容易被破解的密碼是否違反這些規則？

文章來源背景和來源：
How to Create a Hack-Proof Password You Can Actually Remember
如何創建既能防黑客，又能真正記住的密碼
Source: https://www.newsweek.com/7-tips-create-hack-proof-password-youll-actually-remember-1486319
背景：網路安全事件屢見不鮮，每年約有1400百美國人身份被盜竊，但眾多消費者仍保持一些讓行騙者有可乘之機的線上習慣，比如，特別好猜的密碼，雖然銀行和信用卡組織有針對被盜卡用戶的免責政策，但也用小字規定了免責的前提——用戶要盡到合理謹慎的義務，這個前提看似無比正確，卻既含糊又狡猾，用簡單的密碼算不算不謹慎？加拿大一家銀行今年就判定一位女學生需要為6800美元的盜刷買賬，因為她的密碼是電話號碼后四位，怎么創建安全又好記的密碼？首先，當然是避免那些不用一秒就被破解的密碼，比如“qwerty”和“iloveyou123”，其次，雖然用大小寫混雜和特殊符號可以讓密碼更安全，但如果你總是首字母大寫，隔兩個字母插一個數字，或是在字母和數字中間加個&或下滑線，其實也沒有太大意義，黑客程式在模式識別上比你要高明得多，不如把幾個毫無關聯的詞聯在一起，要知道”Tr0ub4dor&3“這種密碼不到三天就可被破解，而“correct horse battery staple”這樣的——需要550年，

2020/3/20

Day 41

Despite all the deep-learning promotion, AI struggles with the messiness of reality. Background noise, cross talk, non-Western accents all tend to confuse transcription AI. By contrast, humans interpret bad audio by understanding the context of the conversation, by deploying common sense.

思考題：
The author holds that transcription AI______
A. actually adds to humans’ workload
B. eliminate the role of humans
C. has room for further improvement
D. is to fail in the foreseeable future

Part 1

Despite all the deep-learning hype=promotion, AI struggles with the messiness of reality.

詞匯

Despite prep. 不管, 盡管
promotion 推廣，宣傳
messy 糟糕的(adj)；messiness 混亂的情況(n)

參考譯文：
盡管關于深度學習的宣傳頗多，人工智能仍在現實的混亂中掙扎，

Part 2

Background noise, cross talk, non-Western accents all tend to confuse transcription AI.

詞匯

transcription 把聲音轉錄為文字；文稿
cross adj. 交叉的，相反的；乖戾的

參考譯文：
背景噪音、串音、非西方口音都容易讓轉錄人工智能感到困惑，

Part 3

By contrast, humans decipher=interpret bad audio by understanding the context of the conversation, by deploying common sense.

詞匯

decipher vt. 破譯(密碼), 辨認(潦草字跡)
interpret 解讀，翻譯
deploying vt. (尤指軍事行動)使展開; 施展; 部署

參考譯文：
相比之下，人類通過理解對話的背景關系，并訴諸常識，來破譯質量不佳的音頻，

思考題決議：
The author holds that transcription AI______
A. actually adds to humans’ workload 
(實際上增加了人類的作業負擔)
沒有提到，雖然人工智能的轉錄作業還不完美，但也沒有說增加了人類作業負擔啊，
Add to 是短語，增加的意思，
B. eliminate the role of humans 
（消除了人類的作用）
也沒有提到消除，eliminate這個詞你是不是不認識啊？

- eliminate vt. 消除, 排除

C. has room for further improvement
（還有提升空間）
這種選項難道不應該是一看就覺得對的選項嗎？
人工智能做還不夠好，還不能識別一些口音，還不如人類，
那不就是還有提升空間嗎？
只要有缺點我們就可以說還有提升空間，沒有任何問題，
又是一個模糊而正確的選項！
拿出小本本趕快記下來！
D. is to fail in the foreseeable future
（將在可見的未來失敗）
文章沒有提到，直接排除，

文章來源背景和來源：
Word’s Worth
言語的價值
Source: https://www.wired.com/story/ai-transcription-economy-future-of-work/
背景：轉錄員曾經是美國一個典型的中產職業，2000年左右為企業轉錄會議記錄的時薪大概在40美元左右，但在過去十年，這個行當陷入低谷，隨著音頻的數字化和寬帶速度的突飛猛進，越來越多的企業選擇將轉錄業務外包到印度或菲律賓；初創企業又進一步把轉錄變成了按需接活的零工模式，令轉錄員的時薪降到了6-12美元，變化比想象的要模糊和古怪得多，因為多媒體技術的進步實際上令轉錄的需求大幅膨脹，有更多的會議錄音、警務錄音、電話錄音等需要被轉錄，但需求并沒有推高收入，因為懼怕人工智能的挑戰，轉錄公司競相調低價格，讓轉錄員現在的收入已經不如星巴克的服務生，可實際上人工智能雖然已經能讓我們對手機發出指令，但自然語言識別的準確率仍然顯著不及人工，仍無法解決錄音質量、背景干擾、復雜情境和非標準發音等諸多問題，

Day 42

Even with careful wording on the packaging, it’s easy to miss important limitations on a genetic test’s scope, or to misunderstand critical differences in the results. For some users, the desire for insights leads them to believe some information is better than none. And that is the danger: consumer-grade products are easily misinterpreted as appropriate medical tests and create false reassurances in patients.

思考題：

The author believes that consumer-grade genetic tests__.

A.serve no value to consumers in desire of information.

B.has not print proper guidelines on the package

C.will be misunderstood as the reliable medical indicator

D.may misguide patients with its package wording.

Part 1

Even with careful wording on the packaging, it’s easy to miss important limitations on a genetic test’s scope, or to misunderstand critical differences in the results.

詞匯

Even with 即使
packaging n. 包裝材料;包裝材料的設計和生產
limitations 局限
genetic adj. 遺傳的；起源的；基因的

參考譯文：即使包裝上措辭謹慎，也很容易忽視測驗范圍的重要局限，或誤解結果中關鍵的細微差別，

Part 2

For some users, the desire for insights leads them to believe some information is better than none.

參考譯文：
對于某些用戶來說，對洞察的渴望讓他們相信有資訊總比沒資訊好，

Part 3

And that is the danger: consumer-grade products are easily misconstrued as appropriate medical tests and create false reassurances in patients

詞匯

consumer-grade：不是專業級別的；
misconstrued vt. 誤解
reassurance 保證

參考譯文：這正是危險所在：消費者級產品很容易被誤解成恰當的醫學測驗，并會給予患者虛假的保證，

思考題決議：

The author believes that consumer-grade genetic tests__.

作者認為，消費者級別的基因測驗，

A. serve no value to consumers in desire of information. 

在資訊需求方面，對消費者沒有任何價值，

不能說沒有價值，直接排除！

B. has not print proper guidelines on the package

沒有在包裝上列印正確的指南

第一句就說了包裝上的措施是恰當的，所以 排除，

C. will be misunderstood as the reliable medical indicator

會被誤解為這就是醫學保證，也就是可靠的醫學指標，

其實這個這種級別的產品是不能替代醫學產品的，

正確答案，在最后一句有個單詞：misinterpreted= misunderstood

危險就在于，病人容易誤以為這就可以信賴的醫學測驗，

D. may misguide patients with its package wording.

可能會用包裝措辭誤導患者，

還是第一句，包裝措辭沒有問題，也沒有用包裝措辭誤導消費者，

加了may也不對！因為完全沒有依據

原文：劉一男是中國人，

選項：劉一男可能是個日本人，（不對！）

文章來源背景和來源：
The Problem with Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests
直接面向消費者的基因檢測的問題
Source: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/the-problem-with-direct-to-consumer-genetic-tests/
背景：技術創新讓我們能比以往更了解自己，我們可以迅速使用眾多消費級設備和程式來跟蹤頻數、監控心率和檢查血糖水平，但若涉及到疾病風險，快速和便捷也可能意味著不足和潛在危險，基因檢測是精密醫療的一部分，它使用基因和分子表達譜技術優化對病人的治療方案，但不是所有的檢測都“生來平等”，直接面對消費者的基因檢測并不能算是真正的醫學檢測，它們不能取代醫生建議或篩查，雖然根據法規，這些產品都會在包裝上有相應的警示，說明檢測范圍的有限性，但人們常常不能充分理解，并以此為據作出錯誤的決策，我們常常認為，知道一點總比不知道強，孰不知，對于健康，片面的資訊帶來的傷害極大，

Day 43

Macleod argues that learning how to say goodbye responsibly can actually help a company stay healthy. No business keeps all of its customers forever, and holding on to them too tightly may backfire: People seem to like that companies offer an easy way out of subscriptions and services, he says. Customer loss, of course, is not the final farewell. A company that sees its own death clearly also has a better chance of seeing its next boom.

思考題：
It can be inferred from the text that _____.

A.a responsible company can live forever

B.businessmen are not well-mannered

C.customer loss means the end of business

D.crisis-aware companies often fare better

Part 1

Macleod argues that learning how to say goodbye responsibly can actually help a company stay healthy.

參考譯文：
麥克勞德認為，學習如何負責任地告別實際上可以幫助企業保持健康，

Part 2

No business keeps all of its customers forever, and holding on to them too tightly may backfire: People seem to like that companies offer an easy way out of subscriptions and services, he says.

詞匯

backfire 發生意外, 產生事與愿違的后果
subscriptions 訂閱

參考譯文：
他說，沒有一家公司能永遠保留所有客戶，抓客戶抓得太緊可能會適得其反：人們似乎喜歡公司能提供簡單的取消訂閱和服務的方法，

Part 3

Customer loss, of course, is not the final farewell.

詞匯

farewell n. 告別, 歡送

參考譯文：
當然，損失客戶不是最后的再見，

思考題決議：

A. a responsible company can live forever

（一家負責任的公司能一直存在）

文中沒有提到

B. businessman are not well-mannered

（商人沒有禮貌）

文中沒有提到

B選項錯誤，

C. customer loss means the end of business

（客戶流失意味著生意的終結）

第三句說了，不是最后的再見，

C選項錯誤，

D. crisis-aware companies often fare better

（有危機意識的公司往往表現得更好）

一家清楚看到自己末日的公司=有危機意識的公司

也更有可能看到自己的下一次繁榮=fare better 表現得更好

fare better 這個詞是大綱詞匯，而且很寬泛，沒有說，什么表現好

總之就是表現好唄，在東山再起這件事上表現好也叫表現好！

D選項正確，

文章來源背景和來源：
End Games
終場賽
Source: https://www.wired.com/story/startups-prepare-for-downfall/
背景：2018年，全球智能家庭社交機器人鼻祖Jibo開始失去理智，它不再靈活地轉動頭部，而是對著墻面發呆，最后，Jibo給出了自己的臨終診斷：“服務器很快將關閉，我和你的互動將變得相當有限，”因為Jibo公司已經停業，對于購買過Jibo的消費者來說，他們關切的是機器人收集的個人資料會如何處理？被公司售賣還是洗掉？怎么洗掉？機器人的外殼如果處理？一家公司生氣正旺時，很少會制定退出策略，而末路之時，更無瑕顧及怎么給消費者一個圓滿的交待，能夠好好收場是一家優秀企業的表現，沒有一家技術公司能夠永遠不死（想想柯達，想想路邊的小黃車），它們會慢慢褪色，總有一天來到謝幕的那一刻，對于能夠認真給出簡單易行的退歡訓退訂政策的企業，人們往往更有好感，與其死活抓著顧客不放，不如利落友好地分手，別留下一地雞毛，畢竟客戶流失并不是最后的再見，失去市場信任才是，

Day 44

Rather than wait for students to apply, Idaho admits those meeting a combination of requirements to all of its public universities and community colleges, before they fill out a single form. The idea is not only to encourage these students to pursue degrees but to get them to stay in Idaho, which has experienced a brain drain of high school graduates leaving for college elsewhere and never coming back.

思考題：
The purpose of Idaho’s admission policy is _____
(A) to combine the requirements of public university and other colleges.
(B) to prevent the adverse tendency affecting its human resource strategy.
(C) to impose the stricter standards so as to prevent the brain drain trend.
(D) to attract those students who left for high education in other states.

Part 1

Rather than wait for students to apply, Idaho admits those meeting a combination of requirements to all of its public universities and community colleges, before they fill out a single form.

詞匯

admits 錄取
meeting 符合

參考譯文：
愛達荷州沒有等待學生申請，而是在他們填寫任何表格之前，就錄取那些符合其所有公立和社區大學的一系列要求的學生，

Part 2

The idea is not only to encourage these students to pursue degrees but to get them to stay in Idaho, which has experienced a brain drain of high school graduates leaving for college elsewhere and never coming back.

詞匯

a brain drain 人才流失

參考譯文：這個想法不僅意在鼓勵學生攻讀學位，也為了讓他們留在愛達荷州，愛達荷州面臨人才流失，高中畢業生們到州外上大學且不再回來，

思考題決議：
The purpose of Idaho’s admission policy is _____
愛達荷州入學政策的目的是 
(A) to combine the requirements of public university and other colleges. 
（A）結合公立大學和其他學院的要求，

(B) to prevent the adverse tendency affecting its human resource strategy.
（B）防止影響其人力資源戰略的不利趨勢，
雖然文章中沒有明確提到州的人力資源戰略，但是人才流失（brain drain）就是會影響一個地方的人力資源戰略的，這是同義替換，不是推理，而且其他三個選項錯成那樣了，你必須接受這個替換，

- Adverse:不利的，有害的，


(C) to impose the stricter standards so as to prevent the brain drain trend.
(C) 訂定更嚴格的標準，以防止人才流失的趨勢，
后半部分對了，但是前半部分錯了，不是制定更嚴格的標準，
(D) to attract those students who left for high education in other states.  
(D) 吸引往已經去其他州接受高等教育的學生，
吸引的是即將讀大學的學生，而不是已經去了的，
所以錯誤！

文章來源背景和來源：
Congratulations! You got into college without even applying
祝賀！你不用申請就被大學錄取了
Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/congratulations-you-got-into-college-without-even-applying/2020/03/14/588dabec-63f0-11ea-845d-e35b0234b136_story.html
背景：對于美國的高中生來說，申請大學是一件讓人崩潰的事，即復雜又耗時（這也是教育不公的一環，有資源的父母會自己或雇人指導孩子，而有些學生則可能會畏難而退），愛荷華大學的前校長Chuck Staben為了解這個流程的真實情況，曾嘗試填寫本校的申請表，他說，“申請流程真是糟糕透了，又慢又笨重又重復，”為此，他大力推動愛荷華州對公立大學申請流程進行改革，現在愛荷華州的高中生只要達到州內公立大學的一些標準就會自動收到多所大學的錄取信，即使他們并沒有申請，此舉不僅鼓勵了許多高中生繼續上大學，還有效地緩解了該州的人才流失問題，目前，南達科塔州也采取了相似的做法，而伊利諾伊州、夏威夷州和德克薩斯州正在討論是否效仿，

Day 45

The fossil fuel industry faces a classic business problem: Someone else has come up with a better technology. Even the car, which has helped define our culture and consumes vast quantities of fossil fuel, is changing fast. No honest person who has driven a Tesla will dispute that it’s a superior machine: fast, with few moving parts, and a quiet elegance that makes a rumbling muscle car seem more than a little old-fashioned.

思考題：
The author mentions Tesla to show that__.
A.fossil fuel is the classic solution
B.car consumes a lot of energy
C.fossil fuel is being challenged
D.it run fast and is well-designed

Part 1

The fossil fuel industry faces a classic business problem: Someone else has come up with a better technology.

詞匯

fossil adj. 化石的

參考譯文：
化石燃料行業面臨著一個典型的商業問題：其他人提出了更好的技術，

Part 2

Even the car, which has helped define our culture and consumes vast quantities of fossil fuel, is changing fast.

詞匯

consumes vt. 消耗, 消費, 耗盡
quantities n. 量，數量；總量；大量
define vt. 定義；使明確；規定

參考譯文：
即使是幫助定義我們文化并消耗大量化石燃料的汽車也正在迅速轉變，

Part 3

No honest person who has driven a Tesla will dispute that it’s a superior machine: fast, with few moving parts, and a quiet elegance that makes a rumbling muscle car seem more than a little old-fashioned.

詞匯

elegance n. 典雅；高雅
rumbling n. 隆隆聲；轆轆聲

參考譯文：
特斯拉是架出眾的機器，沒有一個開過它的誠實人會質疑：特斯拉很少活動部件，快捷、安靜、優雅，讓隆隆的力量型車看起來不止是有點過時，

思考題決議：
The author mentions Tesla to show that______.
作者提到特斯拉是為了表現_______
A, fossil fuel is the classic solution
A.化石燃料是經典的解決方法
B. car consumes a lot of energy
B.汽車消耗了大量的能量
C. fossil fuel is being challenged
C.化石燃料正受到挑戰
D. it is superior to traditional cars
D.它優于傳統的汽車（換一下，迷惑性會更大，）
這個題的關鍵不在于選項而在題干，大家看昨天復盤的時候，也看到了我說題干也是有難度設定的，這個題干是一個例證題，例證題就只能找例子對應的觀點，這里對應的觀點就是第一句：The fossil fuel industry faces a classic business problem: Someone else has come up with a better technology.所以只能是C. fossil fuel is being challenged 為正確選項，A選項原文完全沒有談到；其他B和D選項都屬于定位錯誤！就是本身表述沒有問題，但是和題干不匹配，不是我們要找的觀點或者結論，如果大家有問題就看明天的復盤吧，

文章背景和來源：
Putting the Money Squeeze on Fossil Fuels
讓化石燃料資金緊張
Source: https://fortune.com/longform/wall-street-fossil-fuels-divest-climate-change/
背景：2019年冬天，摩根大通公司的經濟學家團隊為高端客戶撰寫了一份報告，詳細地解釋了目前的環境危機并分析了相關政府政策，其中寫道“我們無法排除災難性后果，我們所知的人類生命正受到威脅”，換言之，世界如何應對化石燃料行業的問題，將決定人類的未來，要及時迅速地作出應對，政府的作用至關重要已是共識，但銀行、保險公司和資產管理人的影響力也不容忽視，金融界需要意識到，新能源技術不僅更環保也更出眾，持有過多化石能源資產存在極大風險，在商業上并不明智，金融界若能及時行動起來，那么錢荒也許能迅速倒逼能源業的綠色改革，

Day 46

Women weren’t held back because of trouble balancing the competing demands of work and family—men, too, suffered from the balance problem and nevertheless advanced. Women were held back because, unlike men, they were encouraged to take accommodations, such as going part-time and shifting to internally facing roles, which derailed their careers. The real reason was a general culture of overwork that hurt both men and women and locked gender inequality in place.

思考題：
According to the passage， women were hindered by _____
(A) the balance problem of work and family
(B) the general culture of overwork
(C) the stress and inequality caused by men
(D) the competing demands of career and work

Part 1

Women weren’t held back because of trouble balancing the competing demands of work and family—men, too, suffered from the balance problem and nevertheless advanced.

詞匯

held back 退縮；隱瞞；抑制；阻止

參考譯文：
女性不是因為難以平衡作業和家庭互不相容的需求而止步不前——男性也面臨同樣的平衡問題，但他們還是晉升了，

Part 2

Women were held back because, unlike men, they were encouraged to take accommodations, such as going part-time and shifting to internally facing roles, which derailed their careers.

詞匯

accommodations 妥協
internally adv. 內地；內部地
derailed v. 出軌

參考譯文：
女性止步不前的原因是因為，和男性不同，她們被鼓勵做出妥協，比如轉成兼職或者面向內部的崗位；這些都讓她們的職業偏軌，

Part 3

The real culprit was a general culture of overwork that hurt both men and women and locked gender inequality in place.

詞匯

culprit n. 犯人，罪犯；被控犯罪的人

參考譯文：
真正的罪魁禍首是一種普遍過度作業的文化，這種文化同時傷害了男性和女性，并鎖定了性別歧視，

思考題決議：
According to the passage， women were hindered  by _____
根據文章，婦女受到了不利的影響，
(A) the balance problem of work and family
（A）作業與家庭的平衡問題
(B) the general culture of overwork 
（B）普遍的加班文化 不用懷疑就是這個選項！來自最后一句！讀懂了，就是這么豪橫！一樣的內容也敢選！正確！
(C) the stress and inequality caused by men 
（C）由男性引起的壓力和不平等
(D) the competing demands of career and work
（D）職業和作業的相互競爭的需求
```

>文章來源背景和來源：
What’s Really Holding Women Back
真正阻礙女性前行的是什么？
Source: https://hbr.org/2020/03/whats-really-holding-women-back
背景：哈佛商學院的Robin J. Ely和弗羅里達州立大學的Irene Padavic在研究作業場所中的性別歧視問題時發現，許多受訪者，不論男女，都認為企業高層男女比例極度不均衡的原因是因為女性無法平衡事業和家庭，但他們通過長期的調研發現，資料并不支持這種流行的論斷，在表示因無法平衡事業和家庭而受感壓力的受訪者中，高達三分之二為男性，但只有一位男性受訪者實際作出了妥協，而幾乎所有作出職業妥協（比如減少出差頻率）的人（其中大多數為女性）則會被當下的企業文化污名化，同事或上級會下意識認為他們不求上進，作業上靠不住，從而失去晉升機會，這兩位研究者的結論是，職場上要達到真正的兩性平等，我們需要致力于改革過度作業的企業文化，這樣每個員工，不管男女，都能平衡好自己不同的社會角色，


#Day 47
But despite the large number of players seeking help with a hobby that has them hooked—and in extreme cases is ruining their lives—there is little agreement about what video game addiction is, or even if it is a genuine addiction. The World Health Organization added gaming disorder to its International Classification of Diseases, a diagnostic guide for clinicians. The hope is that by giving a label to a set of problematic behaviors, medical professionals—from doctors to insurance providers—can more readily identify and treat them.

思考題：
The gaming disorder was recognized by WHO so as to__.
A.give game players prompt warning
B.discourage playing video games
C.give effective guidance to doctors 
D.properly label various syndromes 


##Part 1
But despite the large number of players seeking help with a hobby that has them hooked—and in extreme cases is ruining their lives—there is little agreement about what video game addiction is, or even if it is a genuine addiction.

>詞匯
- despite prep. 不管, 盡管
- hooked adj. 鉤狀的；吸毒成癮的；入迷的
- genuine adj. 真實的，真正的；誠懇的

>參考譯文：
但是，盡管大量玩家正在就讓他們上癮的一種愛好（這種愛好在一些極端情況下正在毀壞他們的生活）尋求幫助，但對于什么是電子游戲成癮，或甚至它算不算真正的成癮，人們幾乎沒有達成一致，


##Part 2
The World Health Organization added gaming disorder to its International Classification of Diseases, a diagnostic guide for clinicians.

>詞匯
- disorder n. 混亂；騷亂
- diagnostic adj. 診斷的, 判斷的
- guide 引路; 指導
- clinicians n. 臨床醫生,臨床教師

>參考譯文：
世界衛生組織在其臨床醫生的診斷指南——國際疾病分類中增加了“游戲障礙”，


##Part 3
The hope is that by giving a label to a set of problematic behaviors, medical professionals—from doctors to insurance providers—can more readily identify and treat them.

參考譯文：
此舉希望通過標明一系列問題行為，讓醫療專業人員——從醫生到保險供應商——能夠更容易識別和治療它們，


```
思考題決議：
The gaming disorder was recognized by WHO so as to__.
世衛組織確認了這種游戲障礙,目的是為了_____，
(A) give game players prompt warning
給游戲玩家及時警告
沒有提到；排除！
(B) discourage playing video games
不鼓勵玩電子游戲
沒有提到；排除！
(C) give effective guidance to doctors 
給醫生有效的指導
正確答案
來自最后一句：
The hope is that by giving a label to a set of problematic behaviors, medical professionals—from doctors to insurance providers—can more readily identify and treat them.
此舉希望通過標明一系列問題行為，讓醫療專業人員——從醫生到保險供應商——能夠更容易識別和治療它們，
也就是給，醫生有效的指導
(D) properly label various syndromes 
適當地標注各種癥狀
這個選項就是答非所問，適當的標注各種癥狀不是世衛組織確認“游戲障礙”的目的，這就是確認“游戲障礙”的內容，


```


>文章來源背景和來源：
Video game addiction is now being recognized—what happens next?
Source: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614747/video-game-addiction-is-now-being-recognizedwhat-happens-next/
背景：為什么有人會對游戲上癮？游戲成癮會不會只是其它深層次問題的表征？比如抑郁？2019年5月，世界衛生組織正式將“游戲成癮”列為一種疾病，期望借此引起人們重視失控的游戲行為，及時尋求幫助和治療，但是，一些權威專家對此心存顧慮，他們認為病態化電子游戲這種世界上最流行的消遣為時過早，雖然游戲成癮的存在已無爭議，但對于其具體表現和流行程度還尚無定論，說游戲令人上癮，和說吃讓人胖一樣意義不大，因為魔鬼藏在細節里（Devil lies in the details），關鍵在于吃的什么，吃了多少；所以對于種類繁多的游戲來說也是如此，玩的什么，玩了多少非常重要，對抗游戲成癮這個問題的下一步應是細化評判標準，雖然要讓心理醫生、專家們達成一致將十分困難，不管怎樣，提出問題是解決問題的第一步，

#Day 48
We tend to take it for granted that new technologies work better than old ones— safer, faster, more accurate, more efficient, more convenient. Purists may extol the virtues of vinyl records, but nobody can dispute that a digital music collection is easier to carry and sounds almost exactly as good. Cash is a paradox—a technology thousands of years old that may just prove impossible to recreate in a more advanced form.

思考題：
The word “extol” is closest in meaning to_________.
(A) propel
(B) acclaim
(C) declare 
(D) denounce 

##Part 1
We tend to take it for granted that new technologies work better than old ones— safer, faster, more accurate, more efficient, more convenient. 

>參考譯文：我們傾向于理所當然地認為，新技術比舊技術更好——更安全、更快、更準確、更有效、更方便，

##Part 2
Purists may extol the virtues of vinyl records, but nobody can dispute that a digital music collection is easier to carry and sounds almost exactly as good. 

>詞匯
- Purists 純粹主義者
- extol vt. 頌揚；贊美；贊頌
- vinyl records 黑膠唱片

>參考譯文：
純粹主義者可能會贊美黑膠唱片的優點，但沒有人能反駁數字音樂庫更易攜帶，而且聽起來差不了多少，


##Part 3
Cash is a paradox—a technology thousands of years old that may just prove impossible to recreate in a more advanced form.

>參考譯文：
現金是一個悖論——這種千年前的技術可能被印證無法以更先進的形式再造，

```
（A）推動 （B）稱贊（C）宣布（D）譴責
答案選B，是不是就一目了然了啊！利用轉折關系，我知道你可能連選項的單詞都不認識，
```

>文章來源背景和來源：
Elegy for Cash
現金的挽歌
Source: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/614998/an-elegy-for-cash-the-technology-we-might-never-replace/
背景：想想你上次用現金是什么時候，花了多少錢？在哪兒花的？偶發的消費，還是經常性的？合法么？如果這些問題的答案你不想讓別人知道，那么恭喜你，只要你自己不說，就基本不會有人知道這筆交易和你有關，這就是銀行卡和APP沒法擁有的一種特性：自由，現金被稱為“無記名票據”，誰持有誰就是所有者，企業不能從現金交易中獲得我們的資料，發送定向廣告或給我們建立信用等級；政府也不能從中得知我們的行蹤，這種習以為常的自由也許有一天會消失，雖然目前現金仍在美國、日本和德國等地廣泛使用，在其他一些國家現金已經瀕臨淘汰，想想Apple Pay和Alipay，現金的消失還會引發技術上的難題，沒有紙鈔之后，國家政府必須發行數字貨幣，否則銀行賬戶的錢就會變成沒有價值支撐的數字，但目前掌握數字貨幣技術的卻并非是各國的中央銀行，而是黑客和技術企業，


#Day 49
There is a concern, especially in social sciences and medicine, about the mass of studies that have proved impossible to reproduce. If the original errors do not get corrected when scientists try to take the work further, then science’s capacity to remedy itself will be called into question. There are questions here about the value system in academic publishing and the funding mechanisms that have led to too many researchers thinking it is fine to move on from mistakes without publicly acknowledging them.

判斷題一：
Many researches are hampered by the current value system in academic publishing.
(Ture or False)

判斷題二：
There are still many concerns which have been illustrated impossible to regenerate.  
(Ture or False) 

##Part 1
There is a concern, especially in social sciences and medicine, about the mass of studies that have proved impossible to reproduce.

>詞匯
-  concern n. 關心；關系；關心的事

>參考譯文：
尤其是在社會科學和醫學領域，大量無法重復的研究引起人們的關切，

>題目：
There are still many concerns// which have been illustrated impossible to regenerate.  
仍然有許多擔心，這些擔心已經被證明是不可能再生的，
仔細看!不是擔心不能復制再生，而是研究！偷換！錯！
用后面的替換來勾引你！然后用偷換來干掉你！你要仔細！

##Part 2
If the original errors do not get corrected when scientists try to take the work further, then science’s capacity to remedy itself will be called into question.

>詞匯
- capacity n. 能力
- remedy 補救辦法, 糾正辦法

>參考譯文：
如果科學家進一步嘗試推進研究時，沒有糾正原始錯誤，那么科學的自我修復能力將受到質疑，

##Part 3
There are questions here about the value system in academic publishing and the funding mechanisms that have led to too many researchers thinking it is fine to move on from mistakes without publicly acknowledging them.

>詞匯
- mechanisms 機制

>參考譯文：
這里有關于學術出版價值體系和資助機制的問題，它們令太多的研究人員認為，在不公開承認錯誤的情況下繼續前進沒什么關系，

>題目
Many researches are hampered by the current value system in academic publishing.
第二句：如果科學家進一步嘗試推進研究時，沒有糾正原始錯誤，那么科學的自我修復能力將受到質疑，第三句：現有的學術價值體系有問題
=現有的學術價值體系，阻礙了研究，(正確！）

---

>文章來源背景和來源：
The Guardian view on scientific progress: it’s important to get things wrong
衛報觀點——科學進步：犯錯很重要
Source: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/08/the-guardian-view-on-scientific-progress-its-important-to-get-things-wrong
背景：科學進步更多來自于思考者所犯的錯，科學必須能夠自我糾錯，也必須允許甚至是最偉大的科學實踐者犯錯，歷史上散布著許多偉人犯錯的例子：查爾斯·達爾文因自然選擇和進化論聞名，但關于遺傳為什么是隨機的，他卻提出了一種奇怪且錯誤的理論，遺傳學之父格雷戈爾·孟德爾的遺傳法則后來糾正了達爾文的錯誤，每個世紀，每個學科，都記錄有輝煌的錯誤，訣竅是從中學習，進步總是意味著犯錯和認錯，因為我們都在努力，如果一位科學家因為錯誤的假設而走偏，人們不會嚴厲地批判他；但如果他們作業草率，研究程序經不起推敲，那就會一夜之間失去聲望，當下眾多無法被復制的科研論文就是如此，它們既不能證實一個理論的正確性，也不能告訴其他研究者此路不通，它們只是畸形評價機制的產物而已，


#Day 50
Among these women who made History are those whose contributions are infinitely more recognizable than they themselves ever were. To this day, educators struggle to close the confidence gap that discourages girls from going into science. Would it be any easier if more people knew the stories, grasped the possibilities represented by women like Rosalind Franklin, whose role in the identification of the DNA double helix was eclipsed by Watson and Crick? 

思考題：
The word “eclipsed” is closest in meaning to_________.
(A) affirmed 
(B) overshadowed 
(C) deprived 
(D) exaggerated 


##Part 1
Among these women who made History are those whose contributions are infinitely more recognizable than they themselves ever were.

>句子決議
Among these women（表語） /who made history (定語）are those （主語）whose contributions are infinitely more recognizable than they themselves ever were.（定語）


>參考譯文：
在這些創造歷史的女性中，有些人的貢獻比她們個人的知名度要高出太多


##Part 2
To this day, educators struggle to close the confidence gap that discourages girls from going into science.

>參考譯文：
直到現在，教育作業者都在努力縮小阻止女孩進入科學領域的信心差距，


##Part 3
Would it be any easier if more people knew the stories, grasped the possibilities represented by women like Rosalind Franklin, whose role in the identification of the DNA double helix was eclipsed by Watson and Crick? 

>詞匯
- identification n. 鑒定, 驗明, 認出
- eclipsed v. 引起日蝕；遮暗；使…失色

>參考譯文：
如果更多人知道這些故事，領悟到羅莎琳德·富蘭克林這樣的女性所代表的可能性——她對識別DNA雙螺旋結構中的貢獻被掩蓋在沃森和克里克之下，這種努力會更容易么？ 

```
答案公布：
The word “eclipsed” is closest in meaning to_________.
(A) affirmed 
(B) overshadowed 
(C) deprived 
(D) exaggerated 
（A）確認
（B）遮蓋，奪去光芒
（C）剝奪
（D）夸大的
正確答案B！
```

>文章來源背景和來源：
Why TIME Revisited 100 Women Who Made History
為什么《時代》回顧創造歷史的100位女性？
Source: https://time.com/5793734/time-100-women-of-the-year-issue/
背景：如果力量是推動進步的肌肉，那么影響就是磁極，引匯入們走向原本無從想象的可能性，在美國女性獲得參政權100周年紀念之際，《時代》周刊挑選了1920起至今的100位影響超越時代的女性，希望通過發現和重新發現這些非凡女性，啟發讀者探索更多的可能性，這些女性中既有發出時代先聲的政治家（如中共創始人之一的向警予），也有默默耕耘的科學家（如發現青蒿素的屠呦呦），她們擺脫了常規和束縛，拓寬了自己的人生，也照亮了周圍的世界，她們是不一樣的時代鼓手，一個世紀隆隆過去卻沒有聽見她們的節奏，重新講述她們的故事，也許會讓我們對共同的歷史感到自豪，也激勵我們去創造自己的歷史，


#Day 51
Unfortunately, we’re not likely to move forward on major infrastructure initiatives without broader shifts in governance and a public perception that addressing climate dangers is an urgent need. 

思考題：
The public awareness is critical to the progress of infrastructure projects. （True or False）

>詞匯
- infrastructure n. 基礎設施; 基礎結構
- initiativesn. 主動性, 首創精神
- broader 廣的
- governance 治理
- critical to ：對...很關鍵/很重要
- critical of :  批判，挑剔

```
思考題決議：
The public awareness is critical to the progress of infrastructure projects. 
公眾意識對基礎設施專案的進展至關重要，
這是典型的模糊替換：不用具體說明用大概念包含小概念！
相信我，你以后做真題就會發現這樣的答案很多！
正確！
```

>文章來源背景和來源：
Climate change means the US must start building big things again
氣候變化意味著美國必須重新開始大建設
Source: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615045/climate-change-green-infrastructure-us-public-works-building-boom/
背景：美國曾是大基建的象征，但今天，幾乎每一個大型基建專案如果沒有關停的話，就都遭遇了重度延遲和成本超支，美國已經變得不擅長造大工程，甚至在維護現有基建上也疏忽大意：大部分高速、橋梁、水管、港口、鐵路和輸電線都是半個世紀以前修建的，而目前修理經費的缺口已達1.4萬億美元，預計到2040年這個數字將達到5萬億美元，這一切對于美國應對氣候變化極為不利，因為應對氣候變化需要大力建設清潔能源技術能力，如清潔電網，從根本上講，這就是個基建問題，，


#Day 52
It has been clear for some time that tech giants seem to pay less tax than might be expected given their revenues. It is smart business and entirely legal for multinational companies to funnel profits through low-tax countries, but many argue that it robs nations of vital income. French is leading the charge by levying an additional 3 per cent rate of tax on about 30 tech firms worldwide.

思考題：
French has imposed additional tax on tech companies because__.
A.they pay less tax than their expected revenue. 
B.they deprive local companies of critical profit
C.they pay less tax than many local companies 
D.their tax is out of proportion to the revenue


##Part 1
It has been clear for some time that tech giants seem to pay less tax than might be expected given their revenues.

>詞匯
- given 考慮到
- revenues 稅收

>參考譯文：相比于科技巨頭們的收入，它們繳納的稅款少于預期早已顯而易見，

##Part 2
It is smart business and entirely legal for multinational companies to funnel profits through low-tax countries, but many argue that it robs nations of vital income.

>詞匯
- funnel 轉移
- multinational adj. 多國的

>參考譯文：
跨國公司通過低稅國家轉移利潤是精明之舉，而且完全合法，但許多人認為這種做法剝奪了許多國家的重要收入，


##Part 3
French is leading the charge by levying an additional 3 per cent rate of tax on about 30 tech firms worldwide.

>詞匯
- levy vt. 征收(稅收等)
- charge :攻擊

>參考譯文：
法國率先發起進攻，對全球約30家科技公司加征3％的稅率，


```
思考題決議：
French has imposed additional tax on tech companies because__.
法國對科技公司征收附加稅是因為，
A.they pay less tax than their expected revenue. 
他們交的稅比預計少，
這個選項挺唬人的，但仔細一想就不對啊：
如果交的稅比預期的收入多，那才有問題吧，是比預計稅收少！
錯！第一句：考慮到他們的收入，他們的稅比預期（該交的稅）少，
這屬于偷換比較物件！
B,they deprive local companies of critical profit
他們剝奪了很多當地公司的重要利潤，
剝奪的不是當地公司的重要利潤，而是當地政府的重要收入，
C.they pay less tax than local companies 
他們比很當地公司少交稅
這個沒有比較過！屬于沒有提及！當然就更不是原因了，
D.their tax is out of proportion to revenue
他們的稅收與收入不成比例
對應第一句：考慮到他們的收入，他們的稅比預期（該交的稅）少，

- proportion 比例

這是完美的同義替換！正確！
```


#Day 54
Plastic recycling enjoys ever-wider support among consumers: Putting yogurt containers and juice bottles in a blue bin is an eco-friendly act of faith in millions of households. But faith goes only so far. The tidal wave of plastic items that enters the recycling stream each year is increasingly likely to fall right back out again, casualties of a broken market.

思考題：
The failed market renders plastic recycling fall short of the expectation.

##Part 1
Plastic recycling enjoys ever-wider support among consumers: Putting yogurt containers and juice bottles in a blue bin is an eco-friendly act of faith in millions of households.

>詞匯
- yogurt n. 酸奶酪，酸乳
- eco-friendly  adj. 對生態環境友好的,不妨害生態環境的
- households n. 同住在一所房子里的人, 一家人, 戶

>參考譯文：
塑料回識訓得了消費者越來越廣泛的支持：將酸奶盒子和果汁瓶放進藍色垃圾箱是數百萬家庭的環保信仰，


##Part 2
The tidal wave of plastic items that enters the recycling stream each year is increasingly likely to fall right back out again, casualties of a broken market.

>詞匯
- tidal adj. 潮水的
- casualties n. 意外事故；傷亡人員；急診室

>參考譯文：
每年進入回收流的一浪又一浪的塑料制品越來越有可能回到環境中——這就是市場失靈的犧牲品，


```
思考題決議：
The failed market renders plastic recycling fall short of the expectation. 
市場的失敗導致塑料回收沒有達到預期，
（正確！）

Fall short of 是固定搭配，表示“沒有達到”，

Render：導致，使

你們應該是沒有讀懂第三句，尤其是最后的同位語：casualties of a broken market 這個部分指代的是前面的這個句子，

```

>文章來源背景和來源：
Plastic that travels 8,000 miles: the global crisis in recycling
行程八千英里的塑料：全球回收危機
Source: https://fortune.com/longform/plastics-global-recycling-problem/
背景：地球正在被塑料淹沒，回收的需求比以往任何時候都要急迫，但垃圾回收產業目前卻正徘徊在崩潰的邊緣，許多消費者相信、生產者聲稱可回收的產品實際并不會被再利用，原因是赤裸裸的經濟學，壓裂技術的發展令石油和天然氣的價格降到近二十年的最低水平，新塑料的價格也隨之下降，遠低于回收材料的成本，這個突然的變化讓原本能夠正常運轉的垃圾處理業瀕臨破產，低油價催生了更多的塑料生產和消費，卻沒有充分的廢物處理廠來進行回收，我們希望情況會好轉，但怎樣才能有轉變？


#Day 54
While Americans still prefer pickup trucks and large SUVs over small gas-saving cars, government policies that encourage electrification, such as ever higher miles per gallon requirements for new vehicles and allowance for buyers of electric or hybrid vehicles, remain in place. More would-be buyers are also noticing the lower operating costs of EVs, such as no oil changes. These advantages add up.

思考題：
It can be learned from the passage that________
(A) Car buyers may change their attitude for various benefits of EVs
(B) Government policies may add advantages to the pickup trucks 
(C) Buyers of electric car may face lower miles per gallon requirements
(D) The owners of SUVs may have the advantage of no oil changes. 


##Part 1
While Americans still prefer pickup trucks and large SUVs over small gas-saving cars, government policies that encourage electrification, such as ever higher miles per gallon requirements for new vehicles and allowance for buyers of electric or hybrid vehicles, remain in place. 

>詞匯
- Prefer A over B : 偏愛A而非B
- government policies remain in place. 政府政策仍在執行
- hybrid  adj. 雜種的；混合的
- allowance n. 津貼, 補助, 零用錢

>參考譯文：
雖然美國人仍偏愛皮卡和大型SUV，而非小型節能汽車，但鼓勵電氣化的政府政策仍在執行，如提高新車的單位里程油耗要求，以及購買電動或混合動力汽車可獲得補貼，


##Part 2
More would-be buyers are also noticing the lower operating costs of EVs, such as no oil changes.These advantages add up.

>參考譯文：更多潛在買家也注意到，電動汽車的運營成本較低，比如不用更換機油，這些優勢積少成多，



```
思考題決議：
It can be learned from the passage that________
(A) Car buyers may change their attitude for various benefits of EVs
(B) Government policies may add advantages to the pickup trucks 
(C) Buyers of electric car may face lower miles per gallon requirements
(D) The owners of SUVs may have the advantage of no oil changes. 
從文章中我們可以了解到________ 
四個選項都有may ,
（A）汽車購買者可能因為電動汽車的各種好處，而改變他們的態度，（正確答案） (文章是有依據的，而且加了may）
（B）政府政策可能會增加皮卡車的優勢
文章沒有依據，增加的應該是電動車的優勢，所以偷換了賓語，
加了may 也不對！
（C）電動汽車的購買者可能面臨更低的單位里程油耗要求，
（拼多多！錯！）
（D）越野車的車主可能有不換機油的優勢，(拼多多！錯！)
只要讀懂了句子了，這些都很容易排除！好好看句子，然后一一比對！
```

>文章來源背景和來源：
Electric-car sales will zoom over latest bumps
電動汽車銷售將在近期的起伏中急速提升
Source: https://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/the-monitors-view/2020/0320/Electric-car-sales-will-zoom-over-latest-bumps
背景：汽油價格正在下跌，不是因為人們不得不呆在家里，而是因為沙特決定壓低油價，對于家有油車的消費者來說，這無疑是個好訊息，但是這對于電動汽車的未來又意味著什么呢？《基督教科學箴言報》的這篇文章認為，雖然過去幾年油價的下跌都直接影響了混合動力車的銷售，比如豐田普銳斯，但隨著技術的不斷完善，電動汽車不僅將渡過當前的低谷，還會因為更卓越的性能和流暢的用戶體驗而占領市場，畢竟，電動汽車的優勢不單單只是環保而已，

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