實驗題

1）準備3臺虛擬機，一臺Windows虛擬機PC1（不限制win7或者win10）、一臺Linux服務器server1（IP是172.16.100.100/24）和一臺空虛擬機server2，虛擬機網路使用僅主機模式，（10分）
2）server1提供DHCP服務給PC1和server2分配對應網段的IP地址，（10分）
3）server1提供PXE服務，能夠使server2可以自動安裝Centos7 Linux作業系統，（10分）
4）在server1安裝和啟動httpd服務對外提供Web服務，并搭建DNS服務負責決議地址www.kgc.com，使得PC1能夠使用域名www.kgc.com訪問Web服務器，（10分）
5）在server2安裝NFS服務，提供共享目錄/share
，在/share目錄中創建檔案index.html，檔案內容自定義，把server2的/share目錄通過NFS掛載到server1的/var/www/html目錄下，使得PC1訪問Web服務時能夠顯示自定義的內容，（10分）

PXE

在PXE裝機中因為使用的是172.16.100.100，使用主機模式，要將DHCP關閉，如果不關閉所在DHCP服務器網段為192.168.30.0和題目要求的172.16.100.0不在同一網段，分配時就看客戶機先分配到誰，就會得到哪個網段

設定成主機模式，修改網卡

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

重啟網卡

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart network


[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0  /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護，將以只讀方式掛載

配置本地yum源倉庫

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir repos.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repos.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd repos.bak/
[root@localhost repos.bak]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@localhost repos.bak]# cd -
/etc/yum.repos.d
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache

安裝TFPT

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install tftp-server xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable tftp
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/tftp.socket to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable xinetd

安裝DHCP并啟動服務

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install dhcp

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cp：是否覆寫"/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf"？ y


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf        #修改DHCP組態檔

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start dhcpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/dhcpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service.

準備 Linux 內核、初始化鏡像檔案

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護，將以只讀方式掛載
mount: /dev/sr0 已經掛載或 /mnt 忙
       /dev/sr0 已經掛載到 /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 上
       /dev/sr0 已經掛載到 /mnt 上
[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/images/pxeboot
[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp vmlinuz /var/lib/tftpboot/   #將Linux內核檔案復制到tftp根目錄下
[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp initrd.img /var/lib/tftpboot/    #將初始化鏡像檔案（linux引導加載模塊）復制到TFTP根目錄下
[root@localhost pxeboot]# ls /var/lib/tftpboot/
initrd.img  vmlinuz

準備 PXE 引導程式

PXE引導程式由軟體包 syslinux 提供所以安裝syslinux
[root@localhost pxeboot]# yum -y install syslinux   
復制PXE引導程式到tftp根目錄下
[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost pxeboot]# ls /var/lib/tftpboot/
initrd.img  pxelinux.0  vmlinuz

安裝FTP，準備CentOS7安裝源

[root@localhost pxeboot]# yum -y install vsftpd

[root@localhost pxeboot]# mkdir /var/ftp/centos7         #創建安裝源目錄
[root@localhost pxeboot]# cp -rf /mnt/* /var/ftp/centos7/  將鏡像檔案全部復制到安裝源目錄

[root@localhost pxeboot]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@localhost pxeboot]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.

配置啟動選單檔案

[root@localhost pxeboot]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost pxeboot]# vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

關閉防火墻

[root@localhost pxeboot]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost pxeboot]# setenforce 0 

新建虛擬機

在Windows中選用DHCP自動分配獲取地址

DNS

開啟httpd服務，httpd服務適用于域名的，開啟了才能用網址

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd.service 

安裝bind包

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install bind
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc bind
/etc/logrotate.d/named
/etc/named.conf
/etc/named.iscdlv.key
/etc/named.rfc1912.zones
/etc/named.root.key
/etc/rndc.conf
/etc/rndc.key
/etc/sysconfig/named
/var/named/named.ca
/var/named/named.empty
/var/named/named.localhost
/var/named/named.loopback

配置主組態檔

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf

配置區域組態檔

[root@localhost ~]# vim  /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost xyw.com        復制模板
[root@localhost named]# ls                               #檔案已復制
data     named.ca     named.localhost  slaves
dynamic  named.empty  named.loopback   xyw.com

配置區域資料組態檔

[root@localhost named]# vim /var/named/xyw.com 

重啟服務，關閉防火墻

[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named
[root@localhost named]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost named]# setenforce 0

添加DNS服務器地址

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart network

測驗DNS決議

[root@localhost named]# host www.kgc.com
www.kgc.com has address 172.16.100.100


[root@localhost named]# nslookup www.kgc.com
Server:		172.16.100.100
Address:	172.16.100.100#53

Name:	www.kgc.com
Address: 172.16.100.100

Windows中測驗

NFS

檔案服務器（可用PXE自動安裝的虛擬機，DHCP分配IP為172.16.100.103）

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q rpcbind nfs-utils
rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64

停止行程

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
/var/run/yum.pid 已被鎖定，PID 為 4226 的另一個程式正在運行，
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  另一個應用程式是：PackageKit
    記憶體： 26 M RSS （437 MB VSZ）
    已啟動： Mon Dec 14 22:43:48 2020 - 00:03之前
    狀態  ：睡眠中，行程ID：4226
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  另一個應用程式是：PackageKit
    記憶體： 26 M RSS （437 MB VSZ）
    已啟動： Mon Dec 14 22:43:48 2020 - 00:05之前
    狀態  ：睡眠中，行程ID：4226
^C

Exiting on user cancel.
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 4226

因為沒有配置yum倉庫本地源，所以安裝不了

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
14: curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrorlist.centos.org; 未知的錯誤"


 One of the configured repositories failed (未知),
 and yum doesn't have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only
 safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:

     1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem.

     2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working
        upstream. This is most often useful if you are using a newer
        distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the
        packages for the previous distribution release still work).

     3. Run the command with the repository temporarily disabled
            yum --disablerepo=<repoid> ...

     4. Disable the repository permanently, so yum won't use it by default. Yum
        will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it
        again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage:

            yum-config-manager --disable <repoid>
        or
            subscription-manager repos --disable=<repoid>

     5. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable.
        Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands,
        so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much
        slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice
        compromise:

            yum-config-manager --save --setopt=<repoid>.skip_if_unavailable=true

Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64

安裝yum源倉庫

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 寫保護，將以只讀方式掛載
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir repos.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repos.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all && yum makecache

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind

配置共享目錄

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/share
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /opt/share/

設定輸出的各項配置：物件，權限等

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/exports
bash: cd: /etc/exports: 不是目錄
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ls
exports                     nfs.conf                  system-release
exports.d                   nfsmount.conf             system-release-cpe
[root@localhost etc]# vim /etc/exports

啟動 NFS 服務程式

手動加載NFS共享服務時，應該先啟動rpcbind，再啟動nfs
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl start nfs
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@localhost etc]# systemctl enable nfs
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.

[root@localhost etc]# netstat  -anpt  |  grep  111 

創建檔案、配置內容

[root@localhost etc]# cd /opt/share
[root@localhost share]# touch indel.html
[root@localhost share]# ls
indel.html  index.html
[root@localhost share]# vim index.html 

發布并查看共享

[root@localhost etc]# exportfs -rv
exporting 172.16.100.100/24:/opt/share
[root@localhost etc]# showmount -e
Export list for localhost.localdomain:
/opt/share 172.16.100.100/24

最后記得關防火墻

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

客戶機IP：172.16.100.100

安裝 nfs-utils、rpcbind 軟體包

[root@localhost named]# cd ~
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q rpcbind nfs-utils
rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
已加載插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
軟體包 1:nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.48.el7.x86_64 已安裝并且是最新版本
軟體包 rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 已安裝并且是最新版本
無須任何處理
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start rpcbind
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind

關閉防火墻

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

因為在檔案服務器中沒有關閉防火墻所以獲取不到

[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 172.16.100.103
clnt_create: RPC: Port mapper failure - Unable to receive: errno 113 (No route to host)

關閉后即可獲取

[root@localhost html]# showmount -e 172.16.100.103
Export list for 172.16.100.103:
/opt/share 172.16.100.0/24

掛載

[root@localhost html]# mount 172.16.100.103:/opt/share /var/www/html/

查看發現已經實時共享

[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
indel.html  index.html

[root@localhost html]# vim index.html 

Windows中web服務顯示