Zabbix 5.x的Template Module ICMP Ping淺析

Zabbix 5.*默認自帶了模板Template Module ICMP Ping，它用來監控主機或設備的存活狀態以及網路情況，主要是監控丟包率和回應時間兩個指標，Template Module ICMP Ping模板有三個item，如下截圖所示：

Template Module ICMP Ping的配置

1：檢查或安裝fping

Zabbix使用外部命令fping處理ICMP ping的請求，而不是ping命令，而fping不含在Zabbix的發行版本中，所以需要額外安裝fping命令的相關包，

檢查是否安裝了fping命令：

[root@Zabbix ~]# yum list installed | grep fping

fping.x86_64            3.16-1.el8       @zabbix-non-supported  

如果沒有安裝過fping，就必須安裝fping，如果沒有配置yum源的話，需要用其它方式安裝，例如可以下載安裝包進行RPM安裝，此處略過，

#yum install fping -y

由于fping默認是root權限作業，而Zabbix Proxy 或Zabbix Server是zabbix用戶運行的，所以需要對fping程式設定setuid權限，如果在自定義key的時候需要用到netstat命令，也同樣要設定setuid，否則不能獲取到資料，而日志中提示權拒絕，

# locate fping

/usr/sbin/fping

/usr/sbin/fping6

/usr/share/doc/fping

/usr/share/doc/fping/COPYING

/usr/share/doc/fping/ChangeLog

/usr/share/doc/fping/README

/usr/share/man/man8/fping.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/fping6.8.gz

#chown root:zabbix /usr/sbin/fping

#chmod 4710 /usr/sbin/fping

2：在Zabbix Server和Zabbix Proxy端的組態檔里面打開注釋

在zabbix_server.conf或zabbix_proxy.conf中把FpingLocation或Fping6Location路徑修改為剛安裝的fping命令的路徑，如果安裝路徑和組態檔中FpingLocation/Fping6Location默認的路徑一致，其實也可以不用修改，

默認設定如下所示：

### Option: FpingLocation

#       Location of fping.

#       Make sure that fping binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.

#

# Mandatory: no

# Default:

# FpingLocation=/usr/sbin/fping

### Option: Fping6Location

#       Location of fping6.

#       Make sure that fping6 binary has root ownership and SUID flag set.

#       Make empty if your fping utility is capable to process IPv6 addresses.

#

# Mandatory: no

# Default:

# Fping6Location=/usr/sbin/fping6

3：在被監控的主機或設備上應用這個模板，或者在其他模板中參考這個模板(很多翻譯是“鏈接的模板”，個人感覺這個翻譯怪怪的)，如下所示，在Template OS Windows by Zabbix agent中參考了Template Module ICMP Ping模板，那么只要應用模板Template OS Windows by Zabbix agent 就會監控主機或設備了，

Template Module ICMP Ping的選項介紹

在被監控的主機或設備上對應的“最新資料”（Latest data）——“Status”下面有三個監控項

    ICMP loss

    ICMP ping

    ICMP response time

關于這些item的key，可以參考官方檔案，下面節選部分內容如下：

Defaults, limits and description of values for ICMP check parameters:

In addition Zabbix uses fping options -i interval ms (do not mix up with the item parameter interval mentioned in the table above, which corresponds to fping option -p) and -S source IP address (or -I in older fping versions). Those options are auto-detected by running checks with different option combinations. Zabbix tries to detect the minimal value in milliseconds that fping allows to use with -i by trying 3 values: 0, 1 and 10. The value that first succeeds is then used for subsequent ICMP checks. This process is done by each ICMP pinger process individually.

Auto-detected fping options are invalidated every hour and detected again on the next attempt to perform ICMP check. Set DebugLevel>=4 in order to view details of this process in the server or proxy log file.

Warning: fping defaults can differ depending on platform and version - if in doubt, check fping documentation.

Zabbix writes IP addresses to be checked by any of three icmpping* keys to a temporary file, which is then passed to fping. If items have different key parameters, only ones with identical key parameters are written to a single file.

All IP addresses written to the single file will be checked by fping in parallel, so Zabbix icmp pinger process will spend fixed amount of time disregarding the number of IP addresses in the file.

ICMP loss掉包的案例截圖：

ICMP ping掉包的案例截圖

ICMP response time 就是時延或者回應時間

參考資料：

https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/config/items/itemtypes/simple_checks#icmp_pings

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