jenkins部署專案

jenkins

1.先說說CI/CD

生產環境下，提前需要備份，再操作

集成：個人研發的部分與軟體整體部分交付的程序，代碼集成流程：編譯，測驗，打包

CI（continuous Integration）：持續集成，在持續集成環境中，開發人員將會頻繁的提交代碼到主干，這些新提交在最終合并到主線之前，都需要通過編譯和自動化測驗流進行驗證，這樣做是基于之前持續集成程序中很重視自動化測驗驗證結果，以保障所有的提交在合并主線之后的質量問題，對可能出現的一些問題進行預警，一般用于測驗環境和開發環境，

CD：代碼持續互動，持續交付就是講我們的應用發布出去的程序，這個程序可以確保我們盡可能快的實作交付，這就意味著除了自動化測驗，我們還需要有自動化的發布流，以及通過一個按鍵就可以隨時隨地實作應用的部署上線，

持續部署的程序要手動部署

而jenkins中提供的插件可以實作CI/CD功能

幾種發布流程場景：

2.jenkins介紹

jenkins官網

jenkins是一個開源軟體專案，是基于java開發的一種持續集成工具，用于監控持續重復的作業，提供一個開放易用的軟體平臺，使軟體專案可以持續集成，

jenkins可以在每個人git代碼后，自動檢測到代碼的變動，自動的打包，測驗，提交，出現問題會以郵件的方式提醒，

3.jenkins包下載

4.jenkins部署

[root@jenkins ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@jenkins ~]# setenforce 0
#下載jenkins.war包
[root@jenkins ~]# wget https://get.jenkins.io/war-stable/2.303.2/jenkins.war
#下載openJDK環境
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install java-17-openjdk*
#下載tomcat包
[root@jenkins ~]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.54/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.54.tar.gz

#部署jenkins專案
[root@jenkins ~]# tar -xf apache-tomcat-9.0.54.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@jenkins ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.54/ /usr/local/jenkins
[root@jenkins ~]# mkdir /backup       
[root@jenkins ~]# cp -r /usr/local/jenkins/webapps/* /backup/   #備份webapps下默認的目錄
[root@jenkins ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/jenkins/webapps/*
[root@jenkins ~]# cd /usr/local/jenkins/webapps/
[root@jenkins webapps]# cp /root/jenkins.war .     #war包傳到webapps專案中
[root@jenkins webapps]# ls
jenkins.war
[root@jenkins webapps]# /usr/local/jenkins/bin/catalina.sh start   #開啟tomcat也就是jenkins專案
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/jenkins/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/jenkins/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/jenkins/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Tomcat started.
[root@jenkins webapps]# ls
jenkins  jenkins.war       #會發現war包自動解壓了

進行jenkins訪問

#jenkins國內源
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/jenkins/updates/update-center.json

全域工具內配置

maven中pom,jar，war
1.pom是maven依賴檔案
2.jar是java普通專案打包檔案
3.war是javaweb專案打包檔案

系統配置

5.jenkins手動部署java專案

發布java專案的步驟
1.拉取代碼并且打包
	git clone xx
	mvn clean package
2.提前做好專案備份	
3.war包傳到目標服務器上的webapps目錄中（做免密登錄）
4.重啟目標服務器的tomcat服務（會自動解壓包）
5.修改專案的配置
6.重啟tomcat服務

5.1jenkins服務開啟

#啟動jenkins
[root@jenkins ~]# /usr/local/jenkins/bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/jenkins
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/jenkins/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/jenkins/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/jenkins/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:   
Tomcat started.
[root@jenkins ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q                Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process     
LISTEN      0           5                         127.0.0.1:631                 0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN      0           128                         0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN      0           128                         0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN      0           5                             [::1]:631                    [::]:*                    
LISTEN      0           1                [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005                      *:*                    
LISTEN      0           128                            [::]:111                    [::]:*                    
LISTEN      0           100                               *:8080                      *:*                    
LISTEN      0           128                            [::]:22                     [::]:*  

瀏覽器登錄到jenkins界面
先來模擬一個自帶的hello world小專案





5.2java開發人員已經把代碼放在了gitee倉庫，我們第一步應該開始拉代碼并且打包

#下載git（拉代碼用），maven（打包用）
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install git maven
#拉取代碼
[root@jenkins src]# git clone  https://gitee.com/forgotten/tomcat-java-demo.git
正克隆到 'tomcat-java-demo'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 558, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (558/558), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (316/316), done.
remote: Total 558 (delta 217), reused 558 (delta 217), pack-reused 0
接收物件中: 100% (558/558), 5.08 MiB | 771.00 KiB/s, 完成.
處理 delta 中: 100% (217/217), 完成.
#進行打包
[root@jenkins src]# cd tomcat-java-demo/
[root@jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# mvn clean package
[root@jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# ls
db  deploy.yaml  Dockerfile  jenkinsfile  LICENSE  pom.xml  README.md  src  target（包在此目錄下）
[root@jenkins tomcat-java-demo]# cd target/
[root@jenkins target]# ls
classes            ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT      maven-archiver
generated-sources  ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war  maven-status

#jenkins做免密登錄
[root@jenkins target]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:q0QOr+cNeRCkbnWDw8AuSG7txPMHh/SwQvgRqFOpz2M root@jenkins
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|  o+o .          |
| +oo.B .         |
|++=.+ @ o        |
|=o.O.= * .       |
|.+o.B = S        |
|  Eo * + .       |
| . .  B o        |
|     o.=         |
|    .oo .        |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@jenkins target]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.136.233
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.136.233 (192.168.136.233)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:z1v69UX9NnT1/ikGZRDxB+Yeqgwi2YRfOMJ1t5ZTHtU.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.136.233's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.136.233'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

#jenkins服務器上將打包好的war包，傳到tomcat服務器上
[root@jenkins ~]# scp /usr/src/tomcat-java-demo/target/ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war 192.168.136.233:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war                                        100%   17MB 217.8MB/s   00:00  
#tomcat服務器上查看
[root@tomcat ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@tomcat webapps]# ls
docs  examples  host-manager  ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war  manager  ROOT
#修改包的名字
[root@tomcat webapps]# mv ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war clq.war
#啟動tomcat服務
[root@tomcat webapps]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
#再次查看，專案包會自動解壓
[root@tomcat webapps]# ls
clq  clq.war  docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT

6.jenkins自動部署java專案

配置jenkins中的tests專案

腳本修改為（公有倉庫拉取進行部署）

pipeline {
    agent any

    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                // Get some code from a GitHub repository
                git 'https://gitee.com/forgotten/tomcat-java-demo.git'

                // Run Maven on a Unix agent.
                sh "mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package"

                // To run Maven on a Windows agent, use
                // bat "mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package"
            }

        }
    }
}

如果報Could not initialize class sun.nio.fs.LinuxNativeDispatcher錯誤
解決方法：重啟jenkins服務,再次執行即可

最終腳本修改

pipeline {
    agent any

    stages {
        stage('Build') {
            steps {
                // 此處git拉取的是不用輸入用戶和郵箱的java代碼塊
                git 'https://gitee.com/forgotten/tomcat-java-demo.git'

                // Run Maven on a Unix agent.
                sh "mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package"
                sh "mv target/ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war target/app.war"
                // To run Maven on a Windows agent, use
                // bat "mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package"
            }
        
            
        }
        stage("publish"){
            steps{
                // 備份資料，第一次沒有資料的時候可以先注釋掉，之后打開就行
                sh "ssh root@192.168.136.233 'tar -Jcf /opt/backup/app-\$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.xz /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/clq'"
                //傳war包到目標服務器上
                sh "scp target/app.war root@192.168.136.233:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/"
                //重啟 tomcat
                sh "ssh root@192.168.136.233 '/usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh stop;sleep 3; /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start'"
            }
        }
    }
}

構建運行

以上是拉取的公開的倉庫，如果是要拉取私有的倉庫呢

最后復制生成的連接粘貼到腳本中的git這一行命令就完工了

7.jenkins腳本語法擴展

流水線腳本擴展

簡單結構語法:
stages{
	stage(''){
		steps{
			commands
		}
	}
}

#常規命令的寫法:
  sh "mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package"
  sh "mv target/ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war target/app.war"
#命令3點寫法：
  sh '''
  	mvn -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true clean package
  	mv target/ly-simple-tomcat-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.war target/app.war
  '''

#環境變數的使用
environment{
	DISABLE_AUTH = 'true'
	DB_ENGINE = 'sqlite'
}
stages{
	stage('hello'){
	steps{
			echo DISABLE_AUTH
			echo DB_ENGINE
		}
	}
}


#清理和通知
#post部分會在pipeline結束的時候運行，所以可以添加通知去完成步驟清理
#deleteDir是固定寫法，可以清理workspace目錄下的檔案
post{
	always{
	deleteDir()
	}
	success{
		echo '清理成功'
	}
	failure{
		echo '清理失敗'
	}
}



#電子郵箱
post{
	failure{
		mail to: '主題',
			subject: "Failed Pipeline: ${currentBuild.fullDisplayName}",
			body: "XXX ${env.BUILD_URL}"
	}
}

#部署（重點）
#持續交付肯定會有3個階段，構建，測驗，部署，穩定的構建和測驗階段是任何部署的前提
pipeline{
	agent any
	stages{
		stage('Build'){
			steps{
				echo '命令1'
		}
	}
		stage('Test'){
			steps{
				echo '命令2'
		}
	}
		stage('Deploy') {
			steps{
				echo '命令3'
			}
		}	
	}
}

#input命令會等待你的確認命令