一、VRRP
1.1VRRP作業原理
(1)VRRP：Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol，即虛擬路由器冗余協議，
(2)利用VRRP，一組路由器協同作業，但只有一個處于master狀態，處于該狀態的路由器（的介面）承擔實際的資料流量轉發任務，在一個VRRP組內的多個路由器介面共用一個虛擬IP地址，該地址被作為局域網內所有主機的預設網關地址，
(3)VRRP決定哪個路由器是Master，Master路由器負責接收發送至用戶網關的資料包并進行轉發，以及相應PC對于其網關IP地址的ARP請求，
(4)Backup路由器偵聽Master路由器的狀態，并在Master路由器發生故障時，接替其作業，從而保證業務流量的平滑切換
1.2VRRP主備切換程序
(1)設定了優先級優先級大的優先優先級一樣的時候比較介面的mac地址
(2)路由器配置好以后，互相是不知道對面的配置，會互相發送通告報文，選舉主備路由器
(3)選舉出主備路由器
(4)選舉出主備后， backup 就不再發送報文
(5)master 始終在周期性發送通告報文
(6)master發生故障，主備切換程序
(7)原來的主路由器恢復,則主備回切
1.3VRRP基本配置
拓撲圖：
實驗結果：
抓包VRRP：
代碼：
R1：
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.30 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.10 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0] vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1 #設定為1組 配置虛擬網關
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 #配置優先級為120
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 5 #延時搶占5秒
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/1 reduced 30 #監聽上行埠，如果上行埠斷開master優先級將30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis th #查看當前視窗配置
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.10.30 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
vrrp vrid 1 priority 120
vrrp vrid 1 preempt-mode timer delay 5
vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 reduced 30
#
return
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.20.20#添加路由去往10網段，子網掩碼，嚇一跳
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.40.0 24 192.168.20.20
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
R2：
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.10.40 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.30.10 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1 #設定為1組 配置虛擬網關
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.10.40 255.255.255.0
vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1
#
return
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.40.0 24 192.168.30.20
R3：
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R3
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.20.20 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.30.20 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]int LoopBack #進入回環地址介面也就是自己的介面
[R3-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.40.10 24 #設定路由
[R3-LoopBack1]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 192.168.40.10 255.255.255.0
#
return
[R3-LoopBack1]q
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.20.10 #添加主路由到10段，子網掩碼，下一跳
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dis th
[V200R003C00]
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
ip address 192.168.30.10 255.255.255.0
#
return
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 192.168.30.10 preference 70 #添加備路由，到10段，子網掩碼，下一跳，優先級10
二、DHCP
2.1DHCP優點
(1)減少作業量
(2)減少出錯，出現IP地址沖突
(3)節約地址
(4)簡單
2.2DHCP基本原理
2.3DHCP報文型別
2.4DHCP基本配置
拓撲圖：
實驗結果：
實驗代碼：
<Huawei>u t m
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
<Huawei>sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sys R1
[R1]dhcp enable #開啟dhcp功能
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
[R1]int g0/0/0 #進入介面
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.254 24 #添加網關，并且規定了地址范圍
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp select interface #選擇介面模式
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server lease day 10 #設定租期10天
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]dhcp server dns-list 8.8.8.8 #設定dns
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