目錄
- 什么是PostgreSQL？
- 什么是pgAdmin？
- 環境規格：
- 第一步：更新Linux服務器軟體包
- 第二步：安裝Postgres官方Yum存盤庫
- 第三步：CentOS 8上安裝Postgres資料庫服務器
- 第四步：配置Postgres資料庫服務以進行網路訪問
- 第五步：Postgres資料庫服務配置Linux防火墻
- 第六步：CentOS 8上安裝pgAdmin Yum存盤庫
- 第七步：CentOS 8上安裝pgAdmin Web UI
- 結論
PostgreSQL是最高級的RDBMS，而pgAdmin是Postgres的Web UI，在這里，您將看到如何在CentOS 8上使用pgAdmin安裝PostgreSQL，
什么是PostgreSQL？
PostgreSQL（也稱為Postgres）是一個免費的開源關系資料庫管理系統（RDBMS），強調可擴展性和SQL遵從性，PostgreSQL最初被命名為POSTGRES，指的是Ingres資料庫的后繼者，在1996年，該專案被更名為PostgreSQL，以反映其對SQL的支持，
PostgreSQL的事務具有原子性，一致性，隔離性，耐久性（ACID）屬性，自動可更新視圖，實體化視圖，觸發器，外鍵和存盤程序，它旨在處理各種作業負載，從單臺機器到具有多個并發用戶的資料倉庫或Web服務，它是macOS Server的默認資料庫，也可用于Linux，FreeBSD，OpenBSD和Windows，（來源：維基百科）
PostgreSQL是一個免費軟體，并根據PostgreSQL許可證發行（免費和開放源代碼，允許），
什么是pgAdmin？
pgAdmin是用于Postgres資料庫服務器的免費開放源代碼圖形用戶界面（GUI）管理工具，
pgAdmin在桌面和Web界面中可用，pgAdmin是PostgreSQL的其他管理工具中功能豐富且最受歡迎的功能，
就像PostgreSQL一樣，pgAdmin也是一個免費軟體，它也根據PostgreSQL許可證分發，
環境規格：
- CPU ：3.4 GHz（2核）
- 記憶體：2 GB
- 儲存空間：20 GB
- 作業系統：CentOS 8.2
- 主機名：postgres.lianglab.cn
- IP地址：192.168.6.160/24
第一步：更新Linux服務器軟體包
使用SSH客戶端并登錄到postgres.lianglab.cn作為根用戶，
使用dnf命令更新Linux服務器軟體包，
[root@postgres ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname postgres.lianglab.cn
[root@postgres ~]#dnf update -y
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
我們的Linux作業系統已經是最新的，
檢查Linux作業系統和內核版本，
[root@postgres ~]# uname -r
4.18.0-193.28.1.el8_2.x86_64
[root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 8.2.2004 (Core)
第二步：安裝Postgres官方Yum存盤庫
盡管Linux yum存盤庫中提供了Postgres資料庫服務器，但是要安裝最新版本，我們必須在Linux服務器中添加PostgreSQL官方yum存盤庫，
[root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-8-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 1:47:55 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 07:50:22 PM CST.
pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm 15 kB/s | 11 kB 00:00
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================
Installing:
pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-14 @commandline 11 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 11 k
Installed size: 11 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch
Complete!
通過執行以下命令，在標準yum存盤庫中禁用PostgreSQL模塊，
[root@postgres ~]# dnf list postgresql
PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 191 kB/s | 511 kB 00:02
PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 9.2 kB/s | 196 kB 00:21
PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 8.0 kB/s | 418 kB 00:52
PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 18 kB/s | 608 kB 00:34
PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 135 kB/s | 411 kB 00:03
PostgreSQL 9.6 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 3.1 kB/s | 400 kB 02:09
PostgreSQL 9.5 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 4.4 kB/s | 356 kB 01:20
Available Packages
postgresql.x86_64 10.14-1.module_el8.2.0+487+53cc39ce AppStream
[root@postgres ~]#
[root@postgres ~]# dnf -qy module disable postgresql
[root@postgres ~]# dnf list postgresql
Last metadata expiration check: 0:10:17 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 09:45:13 PM CST.
Error: No matching Packages to list
第三步：CentOS 8上安裝Postgres資料庫服務器
【1】使用dnf命令在Linux服務器上安裝Postgres資料庫服務器13（在撰寫本文時為最新），
[root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y postgresql13-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:11:15 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 09:45:13 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
============================================================================================
Installing:
postgresql13-server x86_64 13.1-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 5.6 M
Installing dependencies:
postgresql13 x86_64 13.1-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 1.4 M
postgresql13-libs x86_64 13.1-1PGDG.rhel8 pgdg13 410 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================
Install 3 Packages
Total download size: 7.4 M
Installed size: 31 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 9.1 kB/s | 410 kB 00:45
(2/3): postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 9.6 kB/s | 1.4 MB 02:27
(3/3): postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm 5.3 kB/s | 5.6 MB 17:46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 7.1 kB/s | 7.4 MB 17:46
warning: /var/cache/dnf/pgdg13-e81daebfc8b779ec/packages/postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL/CentOS 8 - x86_64 1.6 MB/s | 1.7 kB 00:00
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
Userid : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <[email protected]>"
Fingerprint: 68C9 E2B9 1A37 D136 FE74 D176 1F16 D2E1 442D F0F8
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/3
Running scriptlet: postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/3
Installing : postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/3
Running scriptlet: postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/3
Running scriptlet: postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 3/3
Installing : postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 3/3
Running scriptlet: postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 2/3
Verifying : postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 3/3
Installed products updated.
Installed:
postgresql13-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64 postgresql13-libs-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64
postgresql13-server-13.1-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64
Complete!
【2】執行一次以下命令來初始化Postgres資料庫，
[root@postgres ~]# /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
【3】啟用并啟動Postgres資料庫服務，
[root@postgres ~]# systemctl enable --now postgresql-13
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postgresql-13.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service.
【4】檢查Postgres資料庫服務的狀態
[root@postgres ~]# systemctl status postgresql-13.service
● postgresql-13.service - PostgreSQL 13 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-13.service; enabled; vendor preset: d>
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-12-19 22:18:10 CST; 3min 55s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/13/static/
Process: 945378 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-13/bin/postgresql-13-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code>
Main PID: 945384 (postmaster)
Tasks: 8 (limit: 23840)
Memory: 17.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-13.service
├─945384 /usr/pgsql-13/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/
├─945385 postgres: logger
├─945387 postgres: checkpointer
├─945388 postgres: background writer
├─945389 postgres: walwriter
├─945390 postgres: autovacuum launcher
├─945391 postgres: stats collector
└─945392 postgres: logical replication launcher
Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 13 database server...
Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn postmaster[945384]: 2020-12-19 22:18:10.802 CST [94538>
Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn postmaster[945384]: 2020-12-19 22:18:10.802 CST [94538>
Dec 19 22:18:10 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 13 database server.
【5】檢查Postgres資料庫服務埠監聽資訊
[root@postgres ~]# netstat -anptl| grep postmaster
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 945384/postmaster
[root@postgres ~]# ss -anptl| grep postmaster
LISTEN 0 244 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* users:(("postmaster",pid=945384,fd=6))
【6】檢查已安裝的PostgreSQL服務器的版本，
[root@postgres ~]# psql -V
psql (PostgreSQL) 13.1
【7】切換到postgres用戶并連接到psql shell來設定管理員用戶密碼，
[root@postgres ~]# su - postgres
[postgres@postgres ~]$ psql
psql (13.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'liang123';
ALTER ROLE
postgres=# \q
[postgres@postgres ~]$ exit
logout
第四步：配置Postgres資料庫服務以進行網路訪問
PostgreSQL的默認服務埠是5432/tcp，執行以下命令以驗證PostgreSQL服務正在偵聽此埠，
[root@postgres ~]# ss -tulpn | grep 5432
tcp LISTEN 0 244 127.0.0.1:5432 0.0.0.0:* users:(("postmaster",pid=945384,fd=6))
您可能會注意到PostgreSQL服務最初僅在localhost介面上運行，但是，要使我們的Postgres資料庫可用于網路客戶端，必須將PostgreSQL配置為在所有（或某些特定）介面上運行，
在vi文本編輯器中編輯PostgreSQL組態檔，
[root@postgres ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
在其中搜索以下指令，
# listen_addresses = 'localhost'
并用以下指令替換它，
listen_addresses = '*'
[root@postgres ~]# cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf| grep listen_addresses
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
[root@postgres ~]# vi /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf
[root@postgres ~]# cat /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/postgresql.conf| grep listen_addresses
#listen_addresses = 'localhost' # what IP address(es) to listen on;
listen_addresses = '*'
[root@postgres ~]#
現在，您的Postgres資料庫服務已配置為在所有網路介面上進行偵聽，
允許192.168.6.0/24網路客戶端訪問pg_hba.conf檔案中的PostgreSQL服務，
[root@postgres ~]# echo "host all all 192.168.6.0/24 md5" >> /var/lib/pgsql/13/data/pg_hba.conf
重新啟動Postgres資料庫服務以應用更改，
[root@postgres ~]# systemctl restart postgresql-13.service
再次使用ss命令檢查網路服務，
[root@postgres ~]# ss -tulpn | grep 5432
tcp LISTEN 0 244 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* users:(("postmaster",pid=946059,fd=6))
tcp LISTEN 0 244 [::]:5432 [::]:* users:(("postmaster",pid=946059,fd=7))
Postgres Service現在在所有網路介面上運行，
第五步：Postgres資料庫服務配置Linux防火墻
在CentOS 8中，我們已經為PostgreSQL提供了防火墻服務，因此我們可以通過使用firewall-cmd命令來允許它
[root@postgres ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=postgresql
success
[root@postgres ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
Postgres資料庫服務器已安裝在Linux服務器上，
第六步：CentOS 8上安裝pgAdmin Yum存盤庫
pgAdmin是一個流行的Web界面，用于PostgreSQL資料庫的資料庫管理，
在PostgreSQL官方yum存盤庫中也提供了pgAdmin，但這在我們的CentOS 8服務器沒有作用的
因此，我們正在從pgAdmin官方yum存盤庫中安裝pgAdmin的最新穩定版本，
首先需要從Linux服務器上洗掉PostgreSQL yum存盤庫，
[root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo | grep pgdg| wc -l
33
[root@postgres ~]# dnf remove -y pgdg-redhat-repo
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:
pgdg-redhat-repo noarch 42.0-14 @@commandline 11 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package
Freed space: 11 k
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Erasing : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch 1/1
Installed products updated.
Removed:
pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-14.noarch
Complete!
[root@postgres ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo | grep pgdg| wc -l
cat: /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-redhat-all.repo: No such file or directory #####pgdg-redhat-all.repo檔案已經被洗掉掉，
0
[root@postgres ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1752 Sep 28 10:01 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1220 Sep 28 10:01 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 200 Dec 18 23:12 mongodb-org-4.4.repo
[root@postgres ~]#
在您的Linux作業系統中添加pgAdmin官方yum存盤庫，
[root@postgres ~]# dnf install -y https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/yum/pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch.rpm
Last metadata expiration check: 2:56:09 ago on Sat 19 Dec 2020 07:50:22 PM CST.
pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch.rpm 3.0 kB/s | 6.6 kB 00:02
Dependencies resolved.
========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
pgadmin4-redhat-repo noarch 1-1 @commandline 6.6 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 6.6 k
Installed size: 4.0 k
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch 1/1
Verifying : pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
pgadmin4-redhat-repo-1-1.noarch
Complete!
現在需要安裝阿里云EPEL（Enterprise Linux的額外軟體包） yum存盤庫，因為pgAdmin需要一些標準yum存盤庫中不可用的軟體包，
使用dnf命令并安裝EPEL yum存盤庫，
[root@postgres yum.repos.d]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
[root@postgres yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
[root@postgres yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*
為新安裝的yum存盤庫構建快取，
[root@postgres yum.repos.d]# dnf makecache
CentOS-8 - Base - mirrors.tongdun.cn 1.8 MB/s | 3.9 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - Extras - mirrors.tongdun.cn 811 kB/s | 1.5 kB 00:00
CentOS-8 - AppStream - mirrors.tongdun.cn 2.7 MB/s | 4.3 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64 17 kB/s | 3.0 kB 00:00
Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64 37 kB/s | 4.7 kB 00:00
MongoDB Repository 1.6 kB/s | 2.5 kB 00:01
pgadmin4 2.3 kB/s | 2.9 kB 00:01
Metadata cache created.
第七步：CentOS 8上安裝pgAdmin Web UI
已添加所有存盤庫，現在，您可以使用dnf命令安裝pgAdmin ，
[root@postgres tdops]# dnf install -y pgadmin4
...
Installed:
apr-1.6.3-9.el8.x86_64
apr-util-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-bdb-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
apr-util-openssl-1.6.1-6.el8.x86_64
avahi-libs-0.7-19.el8.x86_64
centos-logos-httpd-80.5-2.el8.noarch
cups-libs-1:2.2.6-33.el8.x86_64
dejavu-fonts-common-2.35-6.el8.noarch
dejavu-sans-fonts-2.35-6.el8.noarch
fontconfig-2.13.1-3.el8.x86_64
fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-22.el8.noarch
glx-utils-8.4.0-4.20181118git1830dcb.el8.x86_64
graphite2-1.3.10-10.el8.x86_64
harfbuzz-1.7.5-3.el8.x86_64
httpd-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.x86_64
httpd-filesystem-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.noarch
httpd-tools-2.4.37-21.module_el8.2.0+494+1df74eae.x86_64
libICE-1.0.9-15.el8.x86_64
libSM-1.2.3-1.el8.x86_64
libX11-1.6.8-3.el8.x86_64
libX11-common-1.6.8-3.el8.noarch
libX11-xcb-1.6.8-3.el8.x86_64
libXau-1.0.8-13.el8.x86_64
libXdamage-1.1.4-14.el8.x86_64
libXext-1.3.3-9.el8.x86_64
libXfixes-5.0.3-7.el8.x86_64
libXrender-0.9.10-7.el8.x86_64
libXxf86vm-1.1.4-9.el8.x86_64
libglvnd-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
libglvnd-egl-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
libglvnd-glx-1:1.2.0-6.el8.x86_64
libjpeg-turbo-1.5.3-10.el8.x86_64
libwayland-client-1.17.0-1.el8.x86_64
libwayland-server-1.17.0-1.el8.x86_64
libxcb-1.13.1-1.el8.x86_64
libxshmfence-1.3-2.el8.x86_64
mailcap-2.1.48-3.el8.noarch
mesa-libEGL-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
mesa-libGL-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
mesa-libgbm-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
mesa-libglapi-19.3.4-2.el8.x86_64
mod_http2-1.11.3-3.module_el8.2.0+486+c01050f0.1.x86_64
pcre2-utf16-10.32-1.el8.x86_64
pgadmin4-4.28-1.el8.noarch
pgadmin4-desktop-4.28-1.el8.x86_64
pgadmin4-server-4.28-1.el8.x86_64
pgadmin4-web-4.28-1.el8.noarch
python3-mod_wsgi-4.6.4-4.el8.x86_64
python3-pip-9.0.3-16.el8.noarch
python3-setuptools-39.2.0-5.el8.noarch
python36-3.6.8-2.module_el8.1.0+245+c39af44f.x86_64
qt5-qtbase-5.12.5-4.el8.x86_64
qt5-qtbase-common-5.12.5-4.el8.noarch
qt5-qtbase-gui-5.12.5-4.el8.x86_64
xcb-util-0.4.0-10.el8.x86_64
xcb-util-image-0.4.0-9.el8.x86_64
xcb-util-keysyms-0.4.0-7.el8.x86_64
xcb-util-renderutil-0.3.9-10.el8.x86_64
xcb-util-wm-0.4.1-12.el8.x86_64
Complete!
要配置SELinux策略，pgAdmin設定腳本需要semanage命令，該命令在policycoreutils-python-utils軟體包中提供，
因此，您應該在執行pgAdmin安裝腳本之前安裝它，
[root@postgres tdops]# dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repo Size
================================================================================
Installing:
policycoreutils-python-utils
noarch 2.9-9.el8 BaseOS 251 k
Installing dependencies:
checkpolicy x86_64 2.9-1.el8 BaseOS 348 k
python3-audit x86_64 3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8 BaseOS 86 k
python3-libsemanage x86_64 2.9-2.el8 BaseOS 127 k
python3-policycoreutils noarch 2.9-9.el8 BaseOS 2.2 M
python3-setools x86_64 4.2.2-2.el8 BaseOS 601 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install 6 Packages
Total download size: 3.6 M
Installed size: 11 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/6): python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f87 27 kB/s | 86 kB 00:03
(2/6): policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.n 44 kB/s | 251 kB 00:05
(3/6): python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 46 kB/s | 127 kB 00:02
(4/6): checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 40 kB/s | 348 kB 00:08
(5/6): python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 85 kB/s | 601 kB 00:07
(6/6): python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 125 kB/s | 2.2 MB 00:18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 147 kB/s | 3.6 MB 00:25
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64 1/6
Installing : python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64 2/6
Installing : python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64 3/6
Installing : checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64 4/6
Installing : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 5/6
Installing : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 6/6
Running scriptlet: policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 6/6
Verifying : checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64 1/6
Verifying : policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 2/6
Verifying : python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64 3/6
Verifying : python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64 4/6
Verifying : python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch 5/6
Verifying : python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64 6/6
Installed:
checkpolicy-2.9-1.el8.x86_64
policycoreutils-python-utils-2.9-9.el8.noarch
python3-audit-3.0-0.17.20191104git1c2f876.el8.x86_64
python3-libsemanage-2.9-2.el8.x86_64
python3-policycoreutils-2.9-9.el8.noarch
python3-setools-4.2.2-2.el8.x86_64
Complete!
pgAdmin軟體帶有撰寫良好的配置腳本，用于配置pgAdmin Web服務，
執行它以創建管理員用戶，配置SELinux策略和Apache Web服務器以部署pgAdmin Web服務，
[root@postgres tdops]# /usr/pgadmin4/bin/setup-web.sh
Setting up pgAdmin 4 in web mode on a Redhat platform...
Creating configuration database...
NOTE: Configuring authentication for SERVER mode.
Enter the email address and password to use for the initial pgAdmin user account:
Email address: [email protected]
Password:
Retype password:
pgAdmin 4 - Application Initialisation
======================================
Creating storage and log directories...
Configuring SELinux...
The Apache web server is not running. We can enable and start the web server for you to finish pgAdmin 4 installation. Continue (y/n)? y
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
Apache successfully enabled.
Apache successfully started.
You can now start using pgAdmin 4 in web mode at http://127.0.0.1/pgadmin4
上面的腳本安裝了一個組態檔（/etc/httpd/conf.d/pgadmin4.conf），以將pgAdmin部署在Apache Web服務器上，
此檔案中不需要自定義，您僅需要啟用和啟動httpd服務，
[root@postgres tdops]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/pgadmin4.conf
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
WSGIDaemonProcess pgadmin processes=1 threads=25 python-home=/usr/pgadmin4/venv
WSGIScriptAlias /pgadmin4 /usr/pgadmin4/web/pgAdmin4.wsgi
<Directory /usr/pgadmin4/web/>
WSGIProcessGroup pgadmin
WSGIApplicationGroup %{GLOBAL}
<IfModule mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.4
Require all granted
</IfModule>
<IfModule !mod_authz_core.c>
# Apache 2.2
Order Deny,Allow
Deny from All
Allow from 127.0.0.1
Allow from ::1
</IfModule>
</Directory>
[root@postgres tdops]# systemctl enable --now httpd.service
[root@postgres tdops]# systemctl status httpd.service
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-12-19 23:22:01 CST; 1min 57s ago
Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
Main PID: 948184 (httpd)
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"
Tasks: 241 (limit: 23840)
Memory: 34.6M
CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
├─948184 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─948198 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─948199 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─948200 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
├─948201 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
└─948202 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
Dec 19 23:22:01 postgres.lianglab.cn systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
配置Linux防火墻，以允許傳入流量到Apache Web服務器，
[root@postgres tdops]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
success
[root@postgres tdops]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
在網路瀏覽器中打開URL http://192.168.6.160/pgadmin4
以setup-web.sh腳本創建的管理員用戶身份登錄pgAdmin ，
成功登錄后，您可以訪問pgAdmin儀表板，
要將您的PostgreSQL資料庫服務器添加到pgAdmin清單中，請單擊“添加新服務器”，
提供服務器名稱，然后單擊“連接”選項卡，
我們的Postgres資料庫服務器已添加到pgAdmin中，您可以在左側面板中看到資料庫服務器的樹，
結論
在此安裝指南中，您學習了如何在CentOS 8服務器上使用pgAdmin安裝PostgreSQL，為了學習更多關于Postgres的資料庫，
轉載請註明出處，本文鏈接：https://www.uj5u.com/shujuku/237525.html
標籤：PostgreSQL
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