前言

逮——小恐龍——哪里跑！！！

有段時間沒發過文章啦~

我估摸著一直給大家更新小白的案例，知識點，大家都看膩歪了，

今天栗子同學給大家安利一款新奇的簡單的小恐龍游戲案例，讓大家結合案例來學習嘛！

這不——隔壁的小表弟發來一系列小恐龍表情包祝賀：

正文

這里是Pygame游戲模塊寫的彩色版本的小恐龍游戲哦！

1）游戲規則：

只需按一下空格鍵（或者向上鍵），小恐龍就跑起來了，沿途遇到障礙（比如仙人掌🌵、飛鳥🐦）的時候，按一下向上鍵，幫助小恐龍跨越障礙，

堅持玩的時間越長，小恐龍就跑得越快，如果小恐龍撞上障礙，游戲就結束啦，你需要開啟下一輪

游戲（分數也會重置），按一下空格鍵，就可以重新開始游戲，

2）環境安裝

本文環境：Python3.7、Pycharm2021社區版、Pygame模塊，其他自帶的不介紹，

安裝庫：pip install pygame

3)素材圖片+音樂背景

4）組態檔cfg.py

'''組態檔'''
import os


'''螢屏大小'''
SCREENSIZE = (600, 150)
'''FPS'''
FPS = 60
'''音頻素材路徑'''
AUDIO_PATHS = {
    'die': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/audios/die.wav'),
    'jump': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/audios/jump.wav'),
    'point': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/audios/point.wav')
}
'''圖片素材路徑'''
IMAGE_PATHS = {
    'cacti': [
        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/cacti-big.png'),
        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/cacti-small.png')
    ],
    'cloud': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/cloud.png'),
    'dino': [
        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/dino.png'),
        os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/dino_ducking.png')
    ],
    'gameover': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/gameover.png'),
    'ground': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/ground.png'),
    'numbers': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/numbers.png'),
    'ptera': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/ptera.png'),
    'replay': os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/replay.png')
}
'''背景顏色'''
BACKGROUND_COLOR = (235, 235, 235)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)

5)主程式Game小恐龍.py

import cfg
import sys
import random
import pygame
from modules import *


'''main'''
def main(highest_score):
    # 游戲初始化
    pygame.init()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(cfg.SCREENSIZE)
    pygame.display.set_caption('彩版小恐龍游戲')
    # 匯入所有聲音檔案
    sounds = {}
    for key, value in cfg.AUDIO_PATHS.items():
        sounds[key] = pygame.mixer.Sound(value)
    # 游戲開始界面
    GameStartInterface(screen, sounds, cfg)
    # 定義一些游戲中必要的元素和變數
    score = 0
    score_board = Scoreboard(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['numbers'], position=(534, 15), bg_color=cfg.BACKGROUND_COLOR)
    highest_score = highest_score
    highest_score_board = Scoreboard(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['numbers'], position=(435, 15), bg_color=cfg.BACKGROUND_COLOR, is_highest=True)
    dino = Dinosaur(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['dino'])
    ground = Ground(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['ground'], position=(0, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]))
    cloud_sprites_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    cactus_sprites_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    ptera_sprites_group = pygame.sprite.Group()
    add_obstacle_timer = 0
    score_timer = 0
    # 游戲主回圈
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE or event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    dino.jump(sounds)
                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    dino.duck()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP and event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                dino.unduck()
        screen.fill(cfg.BACKGROUND_COLOR)
        # --隨機添加云
        if len(cloud_sprites_group) < 5 and random.randrange(0, 300) == 10:
            cloud_sprites_group.add(Cloud(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['cloud'], position=(cfg.SCREENSIZE[0], random.randrange(30, 75))))
        # --隨機添加仙人掌/飛龍
        add_obstacle_timer += 1
        if add_obstacle_timer > random.randrange(50, 150):
            add_obstacle_timer = 0
            random_value = random.randrange(0, 10)
            if random_value >= 5 and random_value <= 7:
                cactus_sprites_group.add(Cactus(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['cacti']))
            else:
                position_ys = [cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]*0.82, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]*0.75, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]*0.60, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]*0.20]
                ptera_sprites_group.add(Ptera(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['ptera'], position=(600, random.choice(position_ys))))
        # --更新游戲元素
        dino.update()
        ground.update()
        cloud_sprites_group.update()
        cactus_sprites_group.update()
        ptera_sprites_group.update()
        score_timer += 1
        if score_timer > (cfg.FPS//12):
            score_timer = 0
            score += 1
            score = min(score, 99999)
            if score > highest_score:
                highest_score = score
            if score % 100 == 0:
                sounds['point'].play()
            if score % 1000 == 0:
                ground.speed -= 1
                for item in cloud_sprites_group:
                    item.speed -= 1
                for item in cactus_sprites_group:
                    item.speed -= 1
                for item in ptera_sprites_group:
                    item.speed -= 1
        # --碰撞檢測
        for item in cactus_sprites_group:
            if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(dino, item):
                dino.die(sounds)
        for item in ptera_sprites_group:
            if pygame.sprite.collide_mask(dino, item):
                dino.die(sounds)
        # --將游戲元素畫到螢屏上
        dino.draw(screen)
        ground.draw(screen)
        cloud_sprites_group.draw(screen)
        cactus_sprites_group.draw(screen)
        ptera_sprites_group.draw(screen)
        score_board.set(score)
        highest_score_board.set(highest_score)
        score_board.draw(screen)
        highest_score_board.draw(screen)
        # --更新螢屏
        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
        # --游戲是否結束
        if dino.is_dead:
            break
    # 游戲結束界面
    return GameEndInterface(screen, cfg), highest_score


'''run'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    highest_score = 0
    while True:
        flag, highest_score = main(highest_score)
        if not flag: break

6）游戲開始界面gamestart.py

import sys
import pygame
from ..sprites import Dinosaur


'''游戲開始界面'''
def GameStartInterface(screen, sounds, cfg):
    dino = Dinosaur(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['dino'])
    ground = pygame.image.load(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['ground']).subsurface((0, 0), (83, 19))
    rect = ground.get_rect()
    rect.left, rect.bottom = cfg.SCREENSIZE[0]/20, cfg.SCREENSIZE[1]
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    press_flag = False
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE or event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    press_flag = True
                    dino.jump(sounds)
        dino.update()
        screen.fill(cfg.BACKGROUND_COLOR)
        screen.blit(ground, rect)
        dino.draw(screen)
        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(cfg.FPS)
        if (not dino.is_jumping) and press_flag:
            return True

7）游戲結束界面gameend.py

import sys
import pygame


'''游戲結束界面'''
def GameEndInterface(screen, cfg):
    replay_image = pygame.image.load(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['replay'])
    replay_image = pygame.transform.scale(replay_image, (35, 31))
    replay_image_rect = replay_image.get_rect()
    replay_image_rect.centerx = cfg.SCREENSIZE[0] / 2
    replay_image_rect.top = cfg.SCREENSIZE[1] * 0.52
    gameover_image = pygame.image.load(cfg.IMAGE_PATHS['gameover'])
    gameover_image = pygame.transform.scale(gameover_image, (190, 11))
    gameover_image_rect = gameover_image.get_rect()
    gameover_image_rect.centerx = cfg.SCREENSIZE[0] / 2
    gameover_image_rect.centery = cfg.SCREENSIZE[1] * 0.35
    clock = pygame.time.Clock()
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()
            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_SPACE or event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    return True
            elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
                if replay_image_rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos):
                    return True
        screen.blit(replay_image, replay_image_rect)
        screen.blit(gameover_image, gameover_image_rect)
        pygame.display.update()
        clock.tick(cfg.FPS)

8）小恐龍類dinosaur.py（比如小恐龍影像繪制更新跳躍等）

import pygame


'''小恐龍'''
class Dinosaur(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepaths, position=(40, 147), size=[(44, 47), (59, 47)], **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入所有圖片
        self.images = []
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepaths[0])
        for i in range(5):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*88, 0), (88, 95)), size[0]))
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepaths[1])
        for i in range(2):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*118, 0), (118, 95)), size[1]))
        self.image_idx = 0
        self.image = self.images[self.image_idx]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.bottom = position
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
        # 定義一些必要的變數
        self.init_position = position
        self.refresh_rate = 5
        self.refresh_counter = 0
        self.speed = 11.5
        self.gravity = 0.6
        self.is_jumping = False
        self.is_ducking = False
        self.is_dead = False
        self.movement = [0, 0]
    '''跳躍'''
    def jump(self, sounds):
        if self.is_dead or self.is_jumping:
            return
        sounds['jump'].play()
        self.is_jumping = True
        self.movement[1] = -1 * self.speed
    '''低頭'''
    def duck(self):
        if self.is_jumping or self.is_dead:
            return
        self.is_ducking = True
    '''不低頭'''
    def unduck(self):
        self.is_ducking = False
    '''死掉了'''
    def die(self, sounds):
        if self.is_dead:
            return
        sounds['die'].play()
        self.is_dead = True
    '''將恐龍畫到螢屏'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    '''載入當前狀態的圖片'''
    def loadImage(self):
        self.image = self.images[self.image_idx]
        rect = self.image.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = self.rect.left, self.rect.top
        self.rect = rect
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
    '''更新小恐龍'''
    def update(self):
        if self.is_dead:
            self.image_idx = 4
            self.loadImage()
            return
        if self.is_jumping:
            self.movement[1] += self.gravity
            self.image_idx = 0
            self.loadImage()
            self.rect = self.rect.move(self.movement)
            if self.rect.bottom >= self.init_position[1]:
                self.rect.bottom = self.init_position[1]
                self.is_jumping = False
        elif self.is_ducking:
            if self.refresh_counter % self.refresh_rate == 0:
                self.refresh_counter = 0
                self.image_idx = 5 if self.image_idx == 6 else 6
                self.loadImage()
        else:
            if self.refresh_counter % self.refresh_rate == 0:
                self.refresh_counter = 0
                if self.image_idx == 1:
                    self.image_idx = 2
                elif self.image_idx == 2:
                    self.image_idx = 3
                else:
                    self.image_idx = 1
                self.loadImage()
        self.refresh_counter += 1

9）定義障礙物obstacle.py（比如仙人掌，飛鳥等）

import random
import pygame


'''仙人掌'''
class Cactus(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepaths, position=(600, 147), sizes=[(40, 40), (40, 40)], **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入圖片
        self.images = []
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepaths[0])
        for i in range(3):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*101, 0), (101, 101)), sizes[0]))
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepaths[1])
        for i in range(3):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*68, 0), (68, 70)), sizes[1]))
        self.image = random.choice(self.images)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.bottom = position
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
        # 定義一些必要的變數
        self.speed = -10
    '''畫到螢屏上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    '''更新'''
    def update(self):
        self.rect = self.rect.move([self.speed, 0])
        if self.rect.right < 0:
            self.kill()


'''飛龍'''
class Ptera(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepath, position, size=(46, 40), **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入圖片
        self.images = []
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        for i in range(2):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*92, 0), (92, 81)), size))
        self.image_idx = 0
        self.image = self.images[self.image_idx]
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.centery = position
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)
        # 定義一些必要的變數
        self.speed = -10
        self.refresh_rate = 10
        self.refresh_counter = 0
    '''畫到螢屏上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    '''更新'''
    def update(self):
        if self.refresh_counter % self.refresh_rate == 0:
            self.refresh_counter = 0
            self.image_idx = (self.image_idx + 1) % len(self.images)
            self.loadImage()
        self.rect = self.rect.move([self.speed, 0])
        if self.rect.right < 0:
            self.kill()
        self.refresh_counter += 1
    '''載入當前狀態的圖片'''
    def loadImage(self):
        self.image = self.images[self.image_idx]
        rect = self.image.get_rect()
        rect.left, rect.top = self.rect.left, self.rect.top
        self.rect = rect
        self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.image)

10）定義場景元素（比如地板、云層等）

import pygame


'''地板'''
class Ground(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepath, position, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入圖片
        self.image_0 = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        self.rect_0 = self.image_0.get_rect()
        self.rect_0.left, self.rect_0.bottom = position
        self.image_1 = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        self.rect_1 = self.image_1.get_rect()
        self.rect_1.left, self.rect_1.bottom = self.rect_0.right, self.rect_0.bottom
        # 定義一些必要的引數
        self.speed = -10
    '''更新地板'''
    def update(self):
        self.rect_0.left += self.speed
        self.rect_1.left += self.speed
        if self.rect_0.right < 0:
            self.rect_0.left = self.rect_1.right
        if self.rect_1.right < 0:
            self.rect_1.left = self.rect_0.right
    '''將地板畫到螢屏'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        screen.blit(self.image_0, self.rect_0)
        screen.blit(self.image_1, self.rect_1)


'''云'''
class Cloud(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepath, position, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入圖片
        self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position
        # 定義一些必要的引數
        self.speed = -1
    '''將云畫到螢屏上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
    '''更新云'''
    def update(self):
        self.rect = self.rect.move([self.speed, 0])
        if self.rect.right < 0:
            self.kill()


'''記分板'''
class Scoreboard(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepath, position, size=(11, 13), is_highest=False, bg_color=None, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        # 匯入圖片
        self.images = []
        image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        for i in range(12):
            self.images.append(pygame.transform.scale(image.subsurface((i*20, 0), (20, 24)), size))
        if is_highest:
            self.image = pygame.Surface((size[0]*8, size[1]))
        else:
            self.image = pygame.Surface((size[0]*5, size[1]))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = position
        # 一些必要的變數
        self.is_highest = is_highest
        self.bg_color = bg_color
        self.score = '00000'
    '''設定得分'''
    def set(self, score):
        self.score = str(score).zfill(5)
    '''畫到螢屏上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        self.image.fill(self.bg_color)
        for idx, digital in enumerate(list(self.score)):
            digital_image = self.images[int(digital)]
            if self.is_highest:
                self.image.blit(digital_image, ((idx+3)*digital_image.get_rect().width, 0))
            else:
                self.image.blit(digital_image, (idx*digital_image.get_rect().width, 0))
        if self.is_highest:
            self.image.blit(self.images[-2], (0, 0))
            self.image.blit(self.images[-1], (digital_image.get_rect().width, 0))
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

11）效果展示

開始界面：

障礙物🌵：

障礙物🐦：

結束界面：

結尾

這么可愛的小恐龍， 你喜歡嗎？動手玩起來~

原始碼基地：點下面這行藍色字體即可，

原始碼基地：點擊即可加入哦！文章的一些免費代碼、解答等都可以在這里進行！

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