asp.net core 一種基于token 和 Permission 的權限管理中間件示例

1. 先上封裝后的使用效果

        [Permission(Key = "/User/AddUser")]
        [HttpPost]
        public Result AddUser([FromBody] SaUser user)
        {
            //Do sth.
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }

 　　　　[Authorize]
        [HttpPost]
        public Result<UserInfoDto> GetUserInfo()
        {
             //Do sth.
        }   

說明：要求登錄即可，不要求特定權限的，可以使用【Authroize】 attribute 標記，

　　要求 特定權限 如   "/User/AddUser" 的 ，使用 【Permission】特性標記，使用Key指定需要的權限， 沒有登錄的回傳401， 沒有權限的回傳403.

2. 實作，主要類及介面說明：

　　　　LoginUser : 登錄用戶，包含用戶基礎資訊，權限等，可以繼承此類封裝更多資訊，

namespace WebUtils
{
    public class LoginUser
    {
        public string EnterpriseId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set;} 

        public string Token { get; set; }

        public DateTime LoginTime { get; set;}
        /// <summary>
        /// 可用權限
        /// </summary>
        public HashSet<string> Permissions { get; set;}
    }
}

　　　　ITokenHelper <TUser>： 管理用戶登錄后的token，并根據token 獲取登錄用戶資訊，TUser 是LoginUser 的子類， 

namespace WebUtils
{
    public interface  ITokenHelper<TUser>  where TUser :LoginUser 
    {
        public void AddToken(string token, TUser user);
        public void RemoveToken(string token);
        public TUser GetLoginUser (string token);
    }
}

　　　　TokenHelper 是 ITokenHelper<LoginUser> 的默認實作，LoginUser 和Token 存記憶體中，行程重啟會丟失，實際應用可以封裝自己的實作，把資訊持久化到資料庫或者Redis 中，

namespace WebUtils
{
    public class TokenHelper : ITokenHelper<LoginUser>
    {
        
        private Dictionary<string, LoginUser> UserDic = new Dictionary<string, LoginUser>();
        
        public void AddToken(string token, LoginUser au)
        { 
            UserDic.Add(token, au);
        }
         

        public LoginUser GetLoginUser(string token)
        {
            if (UserDic.ContainsKey(token))
            {
                return UserDic[token];
            }
            return null;
        }

        public void RemoveToken(string token)
        {
            if (UserDic.ContainsKey(token))
            {
                UserDic.Remove(token);
            }
        }
    }
}

　　　　PermissionAuthenticationHandler：檢查請求是否攜帶token,并檢查TokenHelper 中是否包含此token.

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text.Encodings.Web;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WebUtils;

namespace WebUtils
{
    public class PermissionAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<AuthenticationSchemeOptions>
    {
        private ITokenHelper<LoginUser> _tokenHelper;
        public PermissionAuthenticationHandler(ITokenHelper<LoginUser> tokenHelper, IOptionsMonitor<AuthenticationSchemeOptions> options, ILoggerFactory logger, UrlEncoder encoder, ISystemClock clock)
            : base(options, logger, encoder, clock)
        {
            this._tokenHelper = tokenHelper;
        }
        public static string CustomerSchemeName = "Permission";
        protected override Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync()
        {
            AuthenticateResult result;
            Context.Request.Headers.TryGetValue("Authorization", out StringValues values);
            string token = values.ToString();
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(token))
            {
                var loginInfo = _tokenHelper.GetLoginUser(token);

                if (loginInfo == null)
                    result = AuthenticateResult.Fail("未登陸");
                else
                {
                    var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[]
                        {
                                new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, loginInfo.UserName),
                                new Claim(ClaimHelper.EnterpriseId,loginInfo.EnterpriseId),
                                new Claim(ClaimHelper.Token, loginInfo.Token)
                        }, CustomerSchemeName);
                    var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);


                    AuthenticationTicket ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name);

                    result = AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                result = AuthenticateResult.Fail("未登陸");
            }
            return Task.FromResult(result);
        }
    }
}

　　　　PermissionAttribute: 繼承自 Attribute,IFilterFactory ,回傳真正的IAuthorizationFilter實體，

　　　　DonotUsePermissionFilterAttribute 繼承自 Attribute, IAuthorizationFilter 檢查是否擁有指定的權限，

using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WebUtils
{
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class|AttributeTargets.Method)]
    public class PermissionAttribute : Attribute,IFilterFactory
    {
        public string Key { get; set; }

        public bool IsReusable => false;

        public IFilterMetadata CreateInstance(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
        {
            var instance= serviceProvider.GetService<DonotUsePermissionFilterAttribute>();
            instance.Key = this.Key;
            return instance;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 防止用戶直接呼叫，起名DonotUse， 
    /// </summary>
    public class DonotUsePermissionFilterAttribute : Attribute, IAuthorizationFilter
    {
        private ITokenHelper<LoginUser> _tokenHelper;
        public DonotUsePermissionFilterAttribute(ITokenHelper<LoginUser> tokenHelper)
        {
            this._tokenHelper = tokenHelper;
        }
        public string Key { get; set; }
 
        public void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationFilterContext context)
        {
            var token = context.HttpContext.User?.GetValue(ClaimHelper.Token);
            if (token == null)
            {
                context.Result = new ObjectResult("用戶未登錄") { StatusCode = 401 };
                return;
            }
            var user = _tokenHelper.GetLoginUser(token);
            if (user == null)
            {
                context.Result = new ObjectResult("用戶token 已失效") { StatusCode = 401 };
                return;
            }
            if (!user.Permissions.Contains(Key))
            {
                context.Result = new ObjectResult("鑒權失敗，請聯系管理員授權！") { StatusCode = 403 };
                return;
            }
        }
    }
}

　　　　PermissionMiddleWare 把相關實體和PermissionAuthenticationHandler添加到Service 中，

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

namespace WebUtils
{
    public static class PermissionMiddleWare
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 基于token和permission 的權限認證中間件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="services"></param>
        /// <param name="TokenHelperType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IServiceCollection AddPermission(this IServiceCollection services,Type TokenHelperType)
        {
            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ITokenHelper<LoginUser>), TokenHelperType);

            services.AddTransient(typeof(PermissionAttribute));
            services.AddTransient(typeof(DonotUsePermissionFilterAttribute));
            services.AddAuthentication(o =>
            {
                o.DefaultAuthenticateScheme = PermissionAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName;
                o.DefaultChallengeScheme = PermissionAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName;
                o.AddScheme<PermissionAuthenticationHandler>(PermissionAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName, PermissionAuthenticationHandler.CustomerSchemeName);
            });


            return services;
        }
    }
}

 3. 在program.cs 中呼叫

　　在原來添加AddAuthorization 的地方換成下面這句

  builder.Services.AddPermission(typeof(TokenHelper));

　　別忘了后面use

            app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseAuthorization();

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